Manchester, 16 November 1859 

Dear Emil, 

Our procedure and method of adjustment are simply as follows: 
The rollers are removed and the yarn laid over them, after which 
they are replaced; the upper roller is then moved upwards by 
means of screws (one at either end of the machine) until there is 
sufficient tension on the yarn. 

1. The rollers are made of iron with rectangular pegs at the 
ends which fit into rectangular apertures (in the axle). This, 
however, applies only to the lower roller, which is rotated by the 
machine; the upper one rests in a simple socket and runs 
automatically with the other. 

2. As already said, the screws are at either end of the upper 
roller and are tightened by the machine, not by hand. 

3. The brushing cylinder has fixed mountings for its axle so as 
to ensure that it is in the right position immediately the yarn is in 
place and tightened. For all but the very fine counts we now have 
cylinders clothed alternately with brushes and wooden slats which 
rub against the yarn. 

4. Your final question—how the connection is effected between 
the roller one inserts and the part that rotates—is not clear to me; 
however I think it has already been answered under 1. 

It’s impossible for me to make you a sketch of the machine, as I 
can’t describe the wheels from memory. But you'll have no 
difficulty in making one of your own, since to the best of my 
knowledge all the essential parts correspond exactly to yours, and 
we use the same machine both for coarse and fine counts, altering 
the putters, if anything, in order to reduce the speed. For normal 
use the average diameter of the putteys for the brushes is 20 inches 
and for the rollers 14 inches, the speed of the shaft being 163.90 
revolutions per minute. For really fine counts we increase the 
diameter of the putzey for the rollers to 18 inches. The screws are 
driven by an ‘open AND CROSS STRAP. 

Our machines are made partly by ourselves, partly by Wren & 
Hopkinson; you wouldn’t be able to buy a complete machine or 
individual parts over here unless you approached G. Ermen. 

Tell Father that I shall make inquiries on behalf of Linkenbach, 
though with little prospect of success until he comes over himself. 
Young fellows who come over with good recommendations (and 
he should bring as many as possible to different houses) generally 
fix themselves up before long, whereas no one does so by 
remaining over there. However there’s always a risk in coming 
here on the off chance. 

My love to Lottchen,* Father, Mother, Elise,” Adolf,‘ and the two 
families, also to all the cholera refugees should still lodging with you. 
My new horse is a splendid goer. 

Your 
Friedrich