I. 3 classes: two lousy, one of them decaying, the other on the 

ascent, and workers who only want bourgeois Farr pay. 
Manoeuvring between the latter two therefore the only 
proper way—perish the thought! Policy: To strengthen state 
power in general and to make it financially independent 
in particular (nationalisation of the railways, monopolies), 
police state and regional principles of justice. 

“Liberal” and ‘National’, the dual nature of 1848, still in 
evidence in Germany of 1870-88. 

Bismarck had to rely on the Reichstag and the people, and 
this called for complete freedom of the press, speech, 
association and assembly, just for orientation. 

II. 1. Structure [of the a) Economic—ill-conceived curren- 

Empire] cy law main achievement already. 

b) Political—restoration of the 
police state, and anti-bourgeois 
judicial laws (1876), poor copy of 
the French version.—Legal un- 
certainty—Culminated in the 
Imperial Court. 1879. 


2. Lack of ideas a) Kulturkampf. The Catholic 


— 


proved by playing priest is no gendarme or police- 
around and. slan- man. Jubilation by the _ bour- 
dering Bismarck. geoisie—hopelessness— going to 
Bismarck’s __ party Canossa.** Only rational result— 


sans phrase. civil marriage! 


30-12 +3 


580 


Ill. 6. 


Frederick Engels 


. Swindles and crash. His involvement. Wretchedness of 


conservative Junkers, who are just as dishonourable as the 
bourgeoisie. 
[Bismarck’s] complete cansformation into a Junker. 

a) Protective tariffs, etc., coalition of 
bourgeois and Junkers, with the 
latter taking the lion’s share. 

b) Attempts at a tobacco monopoly 
defeated in 1882. 

c) Colonial swindles. 


. Social policy @ la a) Anti-Socialist Law and crushing 


Bonaparte. of workers’ associations and 
funds. 
b) Social reform crap. 
Foreign policy. Threat of war, effect of annexation. 
Increase in strength of army. Septennate.*” In due 
course, a return to the pre-1870 year group to maintain 
superiority for a few more years. 


IV. Result: a) A domestic situation which collapses with the 


death of those two*: no empire without emperor! 
Proletariat driven to revolution; an  unpre- 
cedented growth in social-democracy on the 
repeal of the Anti-Socialist Law—chaos. 

b) Overall outcome—a peace worse than war at best; 
or else a world war.