The pages which form the subject of the present pamphlet, first 
published as three articles in the Revue socialiste,” have been 
translated from the latest book by Engels Revolution in Science.” 

Frederick Engels, one of the foremost representatives of 
contemporary socialism, distinguished himself in 1844 with his 
Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy, which first appeared in 
the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbiicher, published in Paris by Marx and 
Ruge. The Outlines already formulates certain general principles 
of scientific socialism. Engels was then living in Manchester, where 
he wrote (in German) The Condition of the Working-Class in 
England (1845), an important work to which Marx did full justice 
in Capital. During his first stay in England he also contributed — 
as he later did from Brussels—to The Northern Star, the official 
journal of the socialist? movement, and to the New Moral World of 
Robert Owen. 

During his stay in Brussels he and Marx founded the German 
workers’ communist club,*” linked with Flemish and Walloon 

a F. Engels, “Le socialisme utopique et le socialisme scientifique, I-III”, La 
Revue socialiste, Nos. 3-5, March 20, April 20 and May 5, 1880 (see this volume, 
‘pp. 281-325).— Ed. 

> F. Engels, Anti-Ditihring. Herr Eugen Dühring’s Revolution in Science. In the 
Introduction to the French edition of Engels’ Socialism: Utopian and Scientific the 
following sentence was added: “They were revised by the author who introduced 
diverse additions in the third chapter in order to make the dialectical movement of the 
economic forces of capitalist production more comprehensible to the French 
reader.” — Ed. 

© K. Marx, Capital, Vol. I, Part III, Chapter X; Part IV, Chapter XV; Part VII, 
Chapters XXIV, XXV (present edition, Vol. 35).— Ed. 

d The 1880 edition has “Chartist” instead of “socialist”.— Ed. 

working men’s clubs, and, with Bornstedt, the Deutsche-Brüsseler 
Zeitung. At the invitation of the German committee (residing in 
London) of the League of the Just,”* they joined this society, which 
had originally been set up by Karl Schapper after his flight from 
France, where he had taken part in the Blanqui conspiracy of 
1839.°”° From then on the League was transformed into an 
international League of Communists after the suppression of the 
usual formalism of secret societies. Nevertheless, in those cir- 
cumstances the society had to remain a secret as far as 
governments were concerned. In 1847 at the International 
Congress held by the League in London, Marx and Engels were 
instructed to draft the Manifesto of the Communist Party, 
published immediately before the February Revolution and 
translated’ into almost all the European languages.” 

In the same year they were involved in founding the Democratic 
Association of Brussels, 381 an international and public association, 
where the delegates of the radical bourgeois and those of the 
proletarian“ workers met. 

After the February Revolution, Engels became one of the 
editors of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (Nouvelle Gazette Rhénane), 
founded in 1848 by Marx in Cologne and suppressed in June 
1849 by a Prussian coup d’état. After taking part in the rising at 
Elberfeld Engels fought in the Baden campaign‘ against the 
Prussians (June and July 1849) as the aide-de-camp of Willich, 
who was then colonel of a battalion of francs-tireurs°” 

In 1850, in London, he contributed to the Review of the Neue 
Rheinische Zeitung’ edited by Marx and printed in Hamburg. 
There Engels for the first time published The Peasant War in 
Germany, which 19 years later appeared again in Leipzig as a 
pamphlet and ran into three editions. 

After the resumption of the socialist movement in Germany, 
Engels contributed to the Volksstaat and Vorwarts his most 

a The 1880 edition further has: “at once into almost”.— Ed. 
b The following passage was added in the French edition which appeared in 1880: 
“The Communist Manifesto is one of the most valuable documents of modern 
socialism; even today it remains one of the most vigorous and clearest expositions of 
the development of bourgeois society and the formation of the proletariat which must 
put an end to capitalist society; as in The Poverty of Philosophy by Marx, published a year 
earlier, here, for the first time, the theory of class struggle is clearly formulated.” — 
Ed. 
¢ The 1880 edition has here: “socialist” .— Ed. 
d The last issue of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung came out on May 19, 1849.— Ed. 
¢ The 1880 edition has: “the Baden and Palatinate campaign”.— Ed. 
f Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Politisch-Ökonomische Revue.— Ed. 

“Introduction to the French Edition of Engels’ Socialism: 
Utopian and Scientific” 

The first page of Marx’s 

Introduction to Socialism: Utopian and Scientific 339 

important articles, most of which were reprinted in the form of 
pamphlets such as On Social Relations in Russia, The Prussian 
Schnapps in the German Reichstag, The Housing Question, The 
Cantonalist Rising in Spain,’ etc. ; 

In 1870, after leaving Manchester for London, Engels joined 
the General Council of the International, where he was entrusted 
with the correspondence with Spain, Portugal and Italy. 

The series of final articles which he contributed to the Vorwärts 
under the ironic title of Herr Dühring’s Revolution in Science” (in 
response to the allegedly new theories of Mr. E. Dühring on 
science in general and socialism in particular) were assembled in 
one volume and were a great success among German socialists. In 
the present pamphlet we reproduce the most topical excerpt from 
the theoretical section of the book, which constitutes what might 
be termed an introduction to scientific socialism. 

. : : script, checked with the 1880 

Socialisme utopique et socialisme scientifique, 

Paris, 1880 Translated from the French 

time 

a A reference to The Bakuninists at Work— Ed. 
b In the 1880 edition the title is given in French and, in brackets, in 

German — Herrn Dühring’s Umwalzung der Wissenschaft.— Ed. 

24* 

340 

Karl Marx