Agramante—the Moorish king in Lodovico Ariosto’s poem L’Orlando furioso. At 
war with Charlemagne, Agramante besieged Paris, concentrating the bulk of his 
forces by the walls of that city. But soon dissensions began in their camp. When 
Marx compared the English camp near Delhi with that of Agramante he meant 
a line in Ariosto’s poem, “There is dissent in Agramante’s camp” which had 
become a dictum. p. 343 

See Note 162. p. 349 

This refers to the law of 1853 on the East India Company Charter which 
curtailed to some extent the Company’s monopoly rights in India. The Court 
of Directors was placed under a greater control of the British Crown, the 
directors lost the right to appoint officials. Their number was reduced from 24 
to 18, of whom six were appointed by the Crown. The President of the Board 
of Control (see Note 371) was put on a par with the Secretary of State for 
India. However, the Company’s shareholders were guaranteed fixed dividends 
out of revenues from Indian taxes. p. 349 

On the Bengal Council see Note 368. 
Councils consisting of the senior officials of the East India Company also 
existed under the Governors of the Bombay and Madras Presidencies. 

p. 350 
See Note 389. p. 351 

Marx means the second Anglo-Burmese war of 1852 which resulted in the 
annexation of the Burmese province of Pegu to the East India Company’s 
possessions. However, Burma did not sign a peace treaty and refused to 
recognise the seizure of Pegu. p. 352 

Marx means the first Anglo-Afghan war of 1838-42 (see Note 221), the Second 

Opium War of 1856-60 and the Anglo-Persian war of 1856-57 (see Note 252). 
p: 352 

Notes 679 

In the Vendée (a province in western France) the royalists used the backward 
peasants to engineer a counter-revolutionary revolt in 1793 which was put 
down by the republican army. Its soldiers, like all the supporters of the 
Convention in general, were called the “Blues”. 

During the national liberation war against France in 1808-14 (see Note 142) 
the Spanish guerrillas, mainly the peasants, offered stubborn resistance to the 
conquerors. 

The counter-revolutionary Austrian forces which suppressed the revolution- 
ary movement in Austria and Hungary in 1848 and 1849 included Serbian and 
Croat troops (see also present edition, Vol. 7, pp. 503-06). 

The Guard Mobile was formed by the French Provisional Government’s 
decree of February 25, 1848 to fight the revolutionary masses. Its units 
consisted mainly of the lumpenproletarians and were used to crush the June 
uprising of the Paris workers. 

Decembrists—members of the secret Bonapartist Society of December 10 
(see Note 18). After the coup d’état of December 2, 1851 (see Note 7) they 
were active organisers of massive repressions against the republicans and 
especially against participants in the February 1848 revolution. p. 353 

See Note 282. p. 354 

Zemindars—in the Great Mogul Empire, feudal lords mainly from among the 
conquered Hindus who retained the right to hold land by heredity on 
condition that they paid to the government a certain share of the rent-tax they 
collected from the peasants. In the seventeenth and the eighteenth century the 
term ‘“‘Zemindars” applied also to big land-revenue collectors in Bengal and 
some other areas. In the provinces of British India it began to denote various 
groups of feudal lords enjoying the rights of landed proprietors. p. 355 

On Peace Society see Note 270.