1. Hand-loom weavers» (working 15 hours per day). (Half a million 
of them.) 22! 

4 W. Atkinson, Principles of Political Economy.— Ed. 
b Marx uses the English word.— Ed. 

“Their distress? ... an inevitable condition of a species of labour easily learned, and 
constantly intruded on and superseded by cheaper means of production. A very short 
cessation of demand, where the competition for work is so great..., produces a crisis. 
..improvements, which, by superseding manual labour more and more, infallibly 
bring with them in the transition much of temporary suffering. Example of the 
hand-loom cotton weavers of the Dacca district of India; either starved or were thrown 
back into agricultural labour by the competition of English machinery.” (Excerpt from 
the speech of Dr. Bowring in the House of Commons, July 1835.) 

(This example on the passing from one trade to another to be used 
in respect of the debate on free trade.*”?) 

2. Something to be said on population theory. 

3. Influence of changed and expanded division of labour on the 
fixing of wages.