Note. Under Louis XVIII, the constitution [by] grace of the king 
(Charter imposed by the king); under Louis Philippe, the king [by] 
grace of the constitution (imposed kingship).'* In general we can 
note that the conversion of the subject into the predicate, and of 
the predicate into the subject, the exchange of that which 
determines for that which is determined, is always the most 
immediate revolution. Not only on the revolutionary side. The 
king makes the law (old monarchy), the law makes the king (new 
monarchy). Likewise in regard to the constitution. The reac- 
tionaries as well. Primogeniture is the law of the state. The state 
demands the law of primogeniture. Owing to the fact, therefore, 
that Hegel makes the elements of the state idea the subject, and 
the old forms of existence of the state the predicate, whereas in 
historical reality the reverse is the case, the state idea being instead 
the predicate of those forms of existence, he expresses only the 
general character of the period, its political teleology. It is the same 
thing as with his philosophical-religious pantheism. By means of it 
all forms of unreason become forms of reason. But essentially 
here in religion reason is made the determining factor, while in 
the state the idea of the state is made the determining factor. This 
metaphysics is the metaphysical expression of reaction, of the old 
world as the truth of the new world outlook.