1. 1848. Postulate of national states. Italy, Germany, Poland,
Hungary.

2. Bonaparte’s enlightened policy of conquest: nationhood in
exchange for compensation. Italy.

3. Against this, [Prussian] army reorganisation. Conflict. Bismarck.
Policy not original.

4. Position in Germany. Unity: 1. through revolution, 2. through
Austria, 3. through Prussia (Customs’ Union).

5. War [of] 1864 and 1866. Revolutionary means.

6. Bismarck’s best years—until 1870.

7. French War.* Empire. Annexation of Alsace-Lorraine. Russia
the arbitrator.

8. Bismarck at the end—turns reactionary, feeble-minded. Kulturkampf *” (civil marriage). Protective tariffs and agrarian alliance
with bourgeois.—Colonial swindles. Slandering of Bismarck.—
Anti-Socialist Law.*°—Suppression of coalition.—Social reform.—Militarism because of annexation of Alsace.—The
Junker [in Bismarck] comes to the fore for the lack of other

ideas.