I. 3 classes: two lousy, one of them decaying, the other on the

ascent, and workers who only want bourgeois Farr pay.
Manoeuvring between the latter two therefore the only
proper way—perish the thought! Policy: To strengthen state
power in general and to make it financially independent
in particular (nationalisation of the railways, monopolies),
police state and regional principles of justice.

“Liberal” and ‘National’, the dual nature of 1848, still in
evidence in Germany of 1870-88.

Bismarck had to rely on the Reichstag and the people, and
this called for complete freedom of the press, speech,
association and assembly, just for orientation.

II. 1. Structure [of the a) Economic—ill-conceived curren-

Empire] cy law main achievement already.

b) Political—restoration of the
police state, and anti-bourgeois
judicial laws (1876), poor copy of
the French version.—Legal uncertainty—Culminated in the
Imperial Court. 1879.

2. Lack of ideas a) Kulturkampf. The Catholic

—

proved by playing priest is no gendarme or policearound and. slan- man. Jubilation by the _ bour-
dering Bismarck. geoisie—hopelessness— going to
Bismarck’s __ party Canossa.** Only rational result—

sans phrase. civil marriage!

30-12 +3

Ill. 6.

. Swindles and crash. His involvement. Wretchedness of

conservative Junkers, who are just as dishonourable as the
bourgeoisie.
[Bismarck’s] complete cansformation into a Junker.

a) Protective tariffs, etc., coalition of
bourgeois and Junkers, with the
latter taking the lion’s share.

b) Attempts at a tobacco monopoly
defeated in 1882.

c) Colonial swindles.

. Social policy @ la a) Anti-Socialist Law and crushing

Bonaparte. of workers’ associations and
funds.
b) Social reform crap.
Foreign policy. Threat of war, effect of annexation.
Increase in strength of army. Septennate.*” In due
course, a return to the pre-1870 year group to maintain
superiority for a few more years.

IV. Result: a) A domestic situation which collapses with the

death of those two*: no empire without emperor!
Proletariat driven to revolution; an  unprecedented growth in social-democracy on the
repeal of the Anti-Socialist Law—chaos.

b) Overall outcome—a peace worse than war at best;
or else a world war.