Karl Marx 
To Andrew Johnson, 

President of the United States of America 

The Bee-Hive Newspaper. 
Nr. 188, 20. Mai 1865 

To Andrew Johnson, 
President ofthe United States. 

Sir —The demon of the "peculiar institution," for the supremacy of which 
the South rose in arms, would not allow his worshippers to honourably suc- 
cumb in the open field. What he had begun in treason, he must needs end 
in infamy. As Philip Il.'s war for the Inquisition bred a Gerard, thus Jef- 
ferson Davis's pro-slavery war, a Booth. 

It is not our part to cull words of sorrow and horror, while the heart of 
two worlds heaves with emotion. Even the sycophants who, year after year, 
and day by day, stuck to their Sisyphus work of morally assassinating Abra- 
ham Lincoln, and the great Republic he headed, stand now aghast at this 
universal outburst ofpopular feeling, and rival with each other to strew rhe- 
torical flowers on his open grave. They have now at last found out that he 
was a man, neither to be browbeaten by adversity, nor intoxicated by suc- 
cess, inflexibly pressing on to his great goal, never compromising it by 
blind haste, slowly maturing his steps, never retracing them, carried away 
by no surge of popular favour, disheartened by no slackening of the popular 
pulse, tempering stern acts by the gleams of a kind heart, illuminating 
scenes dark with passion by the smile of humour, doing his titanic work as 
humbly and homely as Heaven-born rulers do little things with the grandil- 
oquence of pomp and state; in one word, one of the rare men who succeed 
in becoming great, without ceasing to be good. Such, indeed, was the mod- 
esty of this great and good man, that the world only discovered him a hero 
after he had fallen a martyr. 

To be singled out by the side of such a chief, the second victim to the in- 
fernal gods of slavery, was an honour due to Mr. Seward. Had he not, at a 
time of general hesitation, the sagacity to foresee and the manliness to 
foretell "the irrepressible conflict?" Did he not, in the darkest hours of that 

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To Andrew Johnson, President of the United States of America 

conflict, prove true to the Roman duty to never despair ofthe Republic and 
its stars? We earnestly hope that he and his son will be restored to health, 
public activity, and well deserved honours within much less than "90 days." 

After a tremendous civil war, but which, if we consider its vast dimen- 
sions, and its broad scope, and compare it to the Old World's 100 years’ 
wars, and 30 years' wars, and 23 years' wars, can hardly be said to have 
lasted 90 days, Yours, Sir, has become the task to uproot by the law what 
has been felled by the sword, to preside over the arduous work of political 
reconstruction and social regeneration. A profound sense of your great 
mission will save you from any compromise with stern duties. You will 
never forget that, to initiate the new era of the emancipation of labour, the 
American people devolved the responsibilities of leadership upon two men 
of labour—the one Abraham Lincoln, the other Andrew Johnson. 

Signed, on behalf of the International Working Men's Association, Lon- 
don, May 13th, 1865, by the Central Council—Charles Kaub, Edwin 
Coulson, F. Lessner, Carl Pfaender, N. P. Hansen, Karl Schapper, William 
Dell, George Lochner, George Eccarius, John Osborne, P. Petersen, 
AJanks, H.Klimosch, John Weston, H.Bolleter, B.Lucraft, J.Buckley, Pe- 
ter Fox, N. Salvatella, George Howell, Bordage, A. Valltier, Robert Shaw, 
J. H. Longmaid, W. Morgan, G. W. Wheeler, J. D. Nieass, W. C. Worley, 
D.Stainsby, F. de Lassassie, J.Carter, Emile Holtorp, Secretary for Poland; 
Carl Marx, Secretary for Germany; H. Jung, Secretary for Switzerland; 
E.Dupont, Secretary for France; J.Whitlock, Financial Secretary; G.Odger, 
President; W. R. Cremer, Hon. Gen. Secretary. 

137