The act for the repeal of the Advertisement Duty received the 
Royal assent last night, and comes into operation this day. Several 
of the morning papers have already. published their reduced terms 
for advertisements of all kinds. 

The dock-laborers of London are on the strike. The Company 
endeavor to get fresh men. A battle between the old and new 
hands is apprehended. 

The Emperor of Russia* has discovered new reasons for holding 
the Principalities. He will hold them no longer as a material 
guarantee for his spiritual aspirations, or as an indemnity for the 
costs of occupying them, but he must hold them now on account 
of “internal disturbances” as provided by the Treaty of Balta- 
Liman.”” And, as the Russians have actually put everything in the 
Principalities topsy-turvy, the existence of such disturbances 
cannot be denied. Lord Clarendon confirmed, in the sitting of the 
House of Lords of August 2d, the statement given in my last letter 
with regard to the Hospodars having been prohibited from 
transmitting their tribute to Constantinople, and from entertaining 
further communications with Turkey.” Lord Clarendon declared 
with great gravity of countenance, and a pompous solemnity of 
manner, that he would 

“instruct, by the messenger who leaves London this night, Sir Hamilton 
Seymour to demand from the Russian Cabinet the explanation which England is 
entitled to.” 

M.P.s, published in The Times, No. 21497, August 3, 1853.— Ed. 

While Clarendon sends all the way to St. Petersburg to request 
explanations, the Patrie of to-day" has intelligence from Jassy of the 
20th ultimo, that the Russians are fortifying Bucharest and Jassy; 
that the Hospodars of Moldavia and Wallachia” are placed under a 
Russian Board of Control composed of three members; that 
contributions in kind are levied on the people, and that some 
refractory Boyards have been incorporated in Russian regiments. 
This is the “explanation” of the manifesto of Prince Gorchakoff, 
according to which 

“his august master had no intention of modifying the institutions which 
governed the country, and the presence of his troops would impose upon the 
people neither new contributions nor charges.” 

In the sitting of the House of Commons of the same day Lord 
John Russell deciared, in answer to a question put by Lord Dudley 
Stuart, that the four powers had convened at Vienna on a 
common proposition to be made to the Czar, “acceptable” to 
Russia and to Turkey, and that it had been forwarded to St. 
Petersburg. In answer to Mr. Disraeli he stated: 

“The proposition was in fact an Austrian proposition, though it came originally 
from the Government of France.” 

This original Frenchman, naturalized in Austria, looks very 
suspicious, and the Neue Preussische Zeitung’ gives, in a Vienna 
letter, the explanation that 

“the Russian and Austrian Cabinets have fully resolved in common not to allow 
English influence to predominate in the East.” 

The Englishman observes, on the explanations of the Coalition 
Ministry: 

“They are great in humiliation, strong in imbecility, and most eloquent in 
taciturnity.” 

Moldavia and Wallachia once Russified, Galicia, Hungary and 
Transylvania would be transformed into Russian “enclaves.” 

I have spoken in a former letter of the “hidden treasures” in 
the Bank of St. Petersburg, forming the metal reserve for a three 
times larger paper circulation.* Now, the Russian Minister of War' 

August 4, 1853.— Ed. 
© Neue Preussische Zeitung, No. 177, August 2, 1853.— Ed. 
The Morning Advertiser, No. 19382, August 5, 1853.— Ed. 

has just apphed for the transfer of a portion of this treasure into 
the military chest. The Minister of Finance* having objected to this 
step, the Emperor applied himself to the Holy Synod, the 
depository of the Church-Property, for a loan of 60 millions of 
rubles. While the Czar is wanting in wealth, his troops are wanting 
in health. It is stated on very reliable authority, that the troops 
occupying the Principalities have suffered enormously from heat 
on their march, that the number of sick is extraordinary, and that 
many private houses at Bucharest and Jassy have been converted 
into hospitals. 

The Times of yesterday denounced the ambitious plans of Russia 
on Turkey, but tried, at the same time, to cover her intrigues in 
Denmark. It does the work of its august master even while 
ostentatiously quarreling with him. 

“We discredit,” says The Times, “[...] the assertion that the Russian Cabinet has 
succeeded in establishing its hold upon the Court of Copenhagen, and the 
statement that the Danish Government have proceeded, under Russian influence, 
to abrogate or impair the Constitution of 1849, is wholly inaccurate. The Danish 
Government have caused a bill or draft to be published, containing some 
modifications of the Constitution now in force, but this bill is to be submitted to the 
discussion and vote of the Chambers when they reassemble, and it has not been 
promulgated by Royal authority.” 

The dissolution of a Legislative Assembly into four separate 
feudal provincial diets, the right of self-assessment canceled, the 
election by universal suffrage suppressed, the liberty of the press 
abolished, free competition supplanted by the revival of close 
guilds, the whole official, i.e. the only intelligent class in Denmark 
excluded from being eligible except on Royal permission, that you 
call ‘“‘some modifications of the Constitution?” As well you might 
call Slavery a slight modification of Freedom. It is true that the 
Danish King” has not dared to promulgate this new “fundamental 
law” as law. He has only sent, after the fashion of Oriental 
Sultans, the silken string to the Chambers with orders to strangle 
themselves. Such a proposition involves the threat of enforcing it 
if not voluntarily submitted to. So much for the “some modifica- 
tions of the Constitution.”” Now to the “Russian influence.” 

In what way did the conflict between the Danish King and the 
Danish Chambers arise? He proposed to abrogate the Lex 
Regia,”” viz.: The existing law of succession to the throne of 
Denmark. Who urged the King to take this step? Russia, as you 
will have seen from the note of Count Nesselrode, dated 11th 

May, 1853, communicated in my last letter." Who will gain by that 
abrogation of the Lex Regia? No one but Russia. The Lex Regia 
enables the female line of the reigning family to succeed to the 
throne. By its abrogation the agnates would remove from the 
succession all the claims of the cognates hitherto standing in their 
way. You know that the kingdom of Denmark comprehends, 
besides Denmark Proper, viz.: the Isles and Jutland, also the two 
Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. The succession to Denmark 
Proper and Schleswig is regulated by the same Lex Regia, while in 
the Duchy of Holstein, being a German fee, it devolves to the 
agnates, according to the Lex Salica.** By the abrogation of the 
Lex Regia the succession to Denmark and Schleswig would be 
assimilated to that of the German Duchy of Holstein, and Russia, 
having the next claims on Holstein, as the representative of the 
house of Holstein-Gottorp, would in the quality of chief agnate, 
also obtain the next claim on the Danish throne. In 1848-50, 
Denmark, being assisted by Russian notes and fleets, made war on 
Germany” in order to maintain the Lex Regia, which forbade 
Schleswig to be united with Holstein, and to be separated from 
Denmark.” After having beaten the German revolution, under 
the pretext of the Lex Regia, the Czar confiscates democratic 
Denmark by abrogating the same law. The Scandinavians and the 
Germans have thus made the experience that they must not found 
their respective national claims on the feudal laws of Royal succes- 
sion. They have made the better experience, that, by quarrelling 
amongst themselves, instead of confederating, Germans and Scan- 
dinavians, both of them belonging to the same great race, only 
prepare his way to their hereditary enemy, the Sclave. 

The great event of the day is the appearance of American policy 
on the European horizon. Saluted by one party, detested by the 
other, the fact is admitted by all. 

“Austria must look to the dismemberment of the Turkish Empire for 
indemnification for the loss of her Italian provinces—a contingency not rendered 
less likely by the quarrel [...] she has had the folly to bring on her with Uncle Sam. 
An American squadron in the Adriatic would be a very pretty complication of an 
Italian insurrection, and we may all live to see it, for the Anglo-Saxon spirit is not 
yet dead in the West.” 

Thus speaks The Morning Herald, the old organ of the English 
Aristocracy. 

© The Morning Herald, No. 22228, August 4, 1853.— Ed. 

“The Koszta affair,” says the Paris Presse, “is far from being terminated. We are 
informed that the Vienna Cabinet has asked from the Washington Cabinet a 
reparation, which it may be quite sure not to receive. Meanwhile, Koszta remains 
under the safeguard of .the French Consul.”* 

“We must go out of the way of the Yankee, who is half of a buccanier and half 
a backwoodsman, and no gentleman at all,’ whispers the Vienna Presse. 

The German papers grumble about the secret treaty pretended 
to have been concluded between the United States and Turkey, 
according to which the latter would receive money and maritime 
support, and the former the harbor of Enos in Rumelia, which 
would afford a sure and convenient place for a commercial and 
military station of the American Republic in the Mediterranean. 

“In due course of time,” says the Brussels Emancipation,” “the conflict at 
Smyrna between the American Government and the Austrian one, caused by the 
capture of the refugee Koszta, will be placed in the first line of events of 1853. 
Compared with this fact, the occupation of the Danubian Principalities and the 
movements of the western diplomacy and of the combined navies at Constan- 
tinople, may be considered as of second-rate importance. The event of Smyrna is 
the beginning of a new history, while the accident at Constantinople is only the 
unraveling of an old question about to expire.” 

An Italian paper, Il Parlamento, has a leader under the title “La 
Politica) Americana in Europa,” from which I translate the 
following passages literally: 

“Tt is well known,” says the Parlamento, “that a long time has elapsed since the 
United States have tried to get a maritime station in the Mediterranean and in 
Italy, and more particularly at such epochs when complications arose in the Orient. 
Thus for instance in 1840, when the great Egyptian question was agitated, and 
when St. Jean d’Acre was assailed, the Government of the United States asked in 
vain from the King of the Two Sicilies to temporarily grant it the great harbor of 
Syracuse. To-day the tendency of American policy for interfering with European 
affairs cannot be but more lively and more steadfast. There can be no doubt but 
that the actual Democratic Administration of the Union manifests the most 
clamorous sympathies with the victims of the Italian and Hungarian revolution, 
that it cares nothing about an interruption of the diplomatical intercourse with 
Austria, and that at Smyrna it has supported its system with the threat of the 
cannon. It would be unjust to grumble at this aspiration of the great transatlantic 
nation, or to call it inconsistent or ridiculous. The Americans certainly do not 
intend conquering the Orient ahd going to have a land war with Russia. But if 
England and France make the best of their maritime forces, why should not the 
Americans do so, particularly as soon as they will have obtained a station, a point of 
retreat and of “approvisionnement” in the Mediterranean? For them there are 
great interests at stake, the republican element being diametrically opposed to the 

i L’Emancipation, No. 204, July 23, 1853.— Ed. 

Cossack one. Commerce and navigation having multiplied the legitimate relations 
and contracts between all peoples of the world, none can consider itself a stranger 
to any sea of the Old or New Continent, or to any great question like that of the 
destiny of the Ottoman Empire. The American commerce, and the residents who 
exercise it on the shores of our seas, require the protection of the stars and stripes, 
and in order to make it permanent and valid in all seasons of the year, they want a 
port for a military marine that ranks already in the third line among the maritime 
powers of the world. If England and France interfere directly with all that regards 
the Isthmus of Panama, if the former of those powers goes as far as to invent a 
king of the Mosquitoes, in order to oppose territorial rights to the operations of the 
United States, if they have come to the final understanding, that the passage from 
the Atlantic to the Pacific shall be opened to all nations, and be possessed by a 
neutral State, is it not evident then, that the United States must pretend at 
exercising the same vigilance with regard to the liberty and neutrality of the 
Isthmus of Suez, holding their eyes closely fixed on the dissolution of the Ottoman 
Empire, which will be likely to devolve Egypt and Libya wholly or partly to the 
dominion of some first-rate power? Suez and Panama are the two great doorways 
of the Orient, which, shut till now, will hereafter compete with each other. The 
best way to secure their ascendency in the Transatlantic question is to cooperate in 
the Mediterranean question. We are assured that the American men-of-war in the 
neighborhood of the Dardanelles do not renounce the pretension to enter them 
whenever they please, without being subjected to the restrictions convened upon by 
the Great Powers in 1841, and this for the incontrovertible reason. that the 
American Government did not participate in that Convention. Europe is amazed at 
this boldness, because it has been, since the peace of 1783, in the habit of 
considering the United States as in the condition of the Swiss Cantons after the 
Westphalian treaty, °© viz.: as peoples allowed a legitimate existence, but which it 
would be too arduous to ask to enter into the aristocracy of the primitive Powers, 
and to give their votes on subjects of general policy. But on the other side of the 
Ocean the Anglo-Saxon race sprung up to the most exalted degree of wealth, 
civilization and power, cannot any longer accept the humble position assigned to it 
in the past. The pressure exercised by the American Union on the Council of 
Amphictyons of the Five Powers, till now the arbiters of the globe, is a new force 
that must contribute to the downfall of the exclusive system established by the 
treaties of Vienna. Till the Republic of the United States succeed in acquiring a 
positive right and an official seat in the Congresses arbitrating on general political 
questions, it exercises with an immense grandeur, and with a particular dignity the 
more humane action of natural rights and of the jus gentium.* Its banner covers the 
victims of the civil wars without distinction of parties, and during the immense 
conflagration of 1848-49 the hospitality of the American Navy never submitted to 
any humiliation or disgrace.” 

Written on August 5, 1853 Reproduced from the New-York