Directive on the Educational Revolution
(July 1967)

The situation in Shanghai is good. As for how universities, middle schools, and primary schools are to carry out teaching reform properly, could Shanghai perhaps gather information on certain conditions, undertake some investigation and research, and produce some model materials?

In universities, one possibility is a thorough overturn; another possibility is going back down the old road; yet another is mere reform. Can the tough battles be fought in the next stage?

Struggle and criticism mean destruction, while transformation means construction. This educational revolution must be thoroughly reformed. Otherwise, it will be mere reform, just like before, and in the end it will be impossible to carry on.

Once summer passes, we must settle down to work.

The Cultural Revolution in middle schools must move toward regularization. Military training should continue. The anarchist trend of thought in middle schools is relatively serious. Resuming classes to make revolution — some units are doing it well, others are not. This is a question that bears on the revolution. As for university students, it is a question that bears on training young people as successors, on whether they will change their political colors.