Comrade Fuchun:

I have read this document. It is written passably and is good. However, it has bones but no flesh and blood, feeling dry and dull—this is a shortcoming. I hope that in the coming months you will produce something with bones, blood, skin, and hair. It must have logic and argumentation. Otherwise, it will still be a metaphysical thing. For over a decade, metaphysics has been rampant, and few have paid attention to materialist dialectics. Now is the time for change.

Also, the fifteen-year plan is not mentioned in this document.

I have read it. Return it to Comrade Peng Zhen.

Mao Zedong
December 12

**Comments on the State Planning Commission’s Report on the Procedural Issues of Drafting Long-Term Plans**

This procedural issue is written fairly well. The shortcoming is that it is crude and superficial, showing only a few bones without skin, hair, flesh, or blood.

Mao Zedong
December 13

[1] Refers to the report *On the Procedural Issues of Drafting Long-Term Plans* submitted by the State Planning Commission on December 7, 1964. The report stated that drafting long-term plans includes the Third Five-Year Plan and a fifteen-year vision. The former should be more specific but still programmatic in nature; the latter primarily concerns strategic layout and overall objectives (including major indicators for industrial and agricultural production and the extent to which the four modernizations can be achieved). We plan to extensively solicit opinions from local authorities and relevant central departments this winter and next spring. In January and February next year, we will first produce some long-term planning briefs reflecting thematic studies and report them to the Central Committee to receive timely instructions. In March and April next year, we will draft a planning outline, and in May and June, submit it to the Central Committee for discussion. The topics for the briefs currently envisioned mainly include: (1) The distribution of fiscal revenue and expenditure and the scale of capital construction; (2) The allocation of capital construction investment; (3) The construction of the strategic rear areas along the Third Front; (4) The rear area construction in provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions, and major regions along the First and Second Fronts; (5) The technological transformation, equipment renewal, comprehensive utilization, and factory relocation of existing enterprises (mainly old enterprises in First Front areas); (6) The technological revolution and technological policies across various industries; (7) Issues in agricultural development; (8) Light industry and market issues; (9) The construction of the national defense industry, coordination across various sectors, and the integration of wartime and peacetime needs; (10) Issues in the construction of the metallurgical industry; (11) Planning issues for coal, electricity, oil, and building materials; (12) Construction issues for railways, highways, shipping, and postal and telecommunications services; (13) Planning for the machinery industry; (14) Foreign trade and foreign aid issues; (15) The trial implementation and promotion of two types of labor systems and two types of education systems, including reforms in labor, wages, and reward systems, labor force planning, and education planning; (16) National reserve issues; (17) Fiscal and planning systems. These topics constitute the main content of the briefs and are also issues requiring further study and implementation in drafting long-term plans. The study of these issues must embody Chairman Mao’s thought, reflecting strategic layout, the policy of prioritizing agriculture, light industry, and heavy industry, the relationship between accumulation and consumption, the policy of self-reliance and building the country through diligence and thrift, and the technological revolution. Once these issues are properly addressed, they can embody the General Line, achieve greater, faster, better, and more economical results, and also reveal the objectives and progress of the four modernizations.

[2] Part one consists of Mao Zedong’s comments written on Li Fuchun’s letter dated December 7, 1964, submitting the report *On the Procedural Issues of Drafting Long-Term Plans*. Part two consists of Mao Zedong’s comments written on the State Planning Commission’s report *On the Procedural Issues of Drafting Long-Term Plans*, which was submitted by Peng Zhen for review.

[3] Fuchun, i.e., Li Fuchun, then serving as Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, Vice Premier of the State Council, and Director of the State Planning Commission.

[4] Peng Zhen, then serving as a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee.

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**Comments and Annotations on Chen Zhengren’s Report on Social Education Stay-at-Point Work**

Send to Comrades Shaoqi and Bo Yibo for consideration and handling.

Mao Zedong
December 12

[1] Chen Zhengren, then serving as Minister of the Agricultural Machinery Ministry (renamed the Eighth Ministry of Machine Building in January 1965).

[2] Part one consists of Mao Zedong’s comment written on December 12, 1964, on Bo Yibo’s letter dated December 10, 1964, forwarding Chen Zhengren’s letter and report on social education stay-at-point work. Part two consists of Mao Zedong’s additional comment written on January 15, 1965, on Bo Yibo’s same letter. In his letter, Bo Yibo stated that Chen Zhengren’s letter and report were well-written, substantive, and raised important issues, proposing to circulate them to all central bureaus, provincial, municipal, and regional party committees, central ministries and commissions, and party groups for review, and requested instructions on whether this was permissible. Parts three, four, and five consist of Mao Zedong’s annotations written on Chen Zhengren’s letter dated December 4, 1964, to Bo Yibo regarding the social education stay-at-point work at the Luoyang Tractor Factory. Part six consists of Mao Zedong’s annotation written on Chen Zhengren’s report dated November 25, 1964, on over a month of social education stay-at-point work at the Luoyang Tractor Factory. Mao Zedong’s four annotations, his comment dated January 15, 1965, and a summary of Chen Zhengren’s letter to Bo Yibo were compiled by the Confidential Office of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and distributed to comrades in the Political Bureau and Secretariat of the Central Committee.

Return to Comrade Bo Yibo:
This document is too long and may not need to be distributed.

Mao Zedong
January 15

I also agree with this view. The bureaucratic class and the working class and poor and lower-middle peasants are two sharply opposed classes. —Mao’s annotation

Why not engage in labor for four to five afternoons? There would still be two full days and four to five mornings left for other tasks. —Mao’s annotation

Management is also part of social education. If managerial personnel do not go to workshops and teams to practice the "three togethers," apprentice themselves to learn one or several skills, they will remain in a state of sharp class struggle with the working class for a lifetime, and ultimately, the working class will inevitably overthrow them as the bourgeoisie. Without learning

Those who are technically skilled but remain laymen for a long time cannot do a good job in management either. It won’t work to try to enlighten others while being in the dark oneself. — A note by Mao[1]

This note was written after the following passage in Chen Zhengren’s letter: “This time here, the ‘three togethers’ have been implemented more conscientiously. Eating together: in the factory staff canteen, queuing up with the workers to buy meals. Laboring together: assigned to a fixed post in the fourth group of the general assembly department, laboring two afternoons each week, and preparing to take the group leader as my master to learn the assembly and repair of tractors.”

[2] This note was written after the following passage in Chen Zhengren’s letter: “At present, the issues I am paying attention to are mainly focused on the socialist education movement. Issues concerning enterprise management are to be studied at a later stage. Therefore, the report sent this time only covers some situations related to the movement. In this letter, I am also only mentioning some impressions after arriving at the factory. If there are new situations and new problems, I will write to report to you again. (Only by carrying out the socialist education movement thoroughly can management be done well. It is correct to proceed in this way. — A note by Bo Yibo)”

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The Complete Works of Mao Zedong, Volume 47

These people have already become or are becoming bourgeois elements who suck the blood of the workers. How could they recognize their mistakes? These people are targets of struggle, targets of revolution. The socialist education movement absolutely cannot rely on them. The only ones we can rely on are those cadres who bear no hatred toward the workers and possess a revolutionary spirit.

When this note was printed and distributed, Bo Yibo added a note after “these people”: “Referring to those among enterprise leaders who resolutely take the capitalist road.”

282

Comments and Revisions on the Draft Government Work Report[1]
(December 13, 1964)

After Boda[2] has read it, send it to the Premier[3]. There are a few revisions. Are they appropriate? Please decide at your discretion.

Mao Zedong
December 13

The history of mankind is one of continuous development from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom.

[1] This section consists of Mao Zedong’s comment written on Zhou Enlai’s letter of December 11, 1964, submitting the fourth draft of the government work report to be delivered at the First Session of the Third National People’s Congress for review. Sections two to seven are Mao Zedong’s revisions to Zhou Enlai’s government work report.