**Critique and Revisions to Liu Ningyi's Speech at the Meeting Celebrating the 47th Anniversary of the October Revolution [1] [2]**
(November 6, 1964)

**I**
It can be used.
A few minor revisions have been made.

Mao Zedong
November 6

Published based on the manuscript.

**II**
This sentence is not appropriate to be uttered at this time.

Published based on Mao Zedong's manuscript.

**III**
The United States has just held its presidential election, and Johnson has been re-elected as President. During the election campaign, there was a claim that the Democrat Johnson was the candidate of peace, while the Republican Goldwater was the candidate of war, and that the two pursued two fundamentally different policies. We cannot agree with this claim. The bipartisan system and presidential elections in the United States have always been a farce played by the American monopoly bourgeoisie to deceive the people.

Published based on Mao Zedong's revised manuscript.

**Notes**
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**Critique on the Telegram from the Hunan Provincial Party Committee Regarding Poor Peasants' Associations Exercising Power in Brigades and Production Teams with Serious Problems [1]**
(November 7, 1964)

Comrade Shaoqi [2], please read this.
This document, I think, should be approved. Consideration could also be given to distributing it to other regions to put them on the spot. The majority of provinces and regions have yet to establish Poor Peasants' Associations at all levels.

Return to Mao Zedong
November 7

Published based on the manuscript.

**Notes**
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**Inscription for the Tombstone of Martyr Fang Zhimin [1]**
(November 9, 1964)

One copy has been written. Please forward it through Comrade Wang Dongxing. I do not know if it is usable. [2]

Mao Zedong
November 9

The Tomb of Martyr Fang Zhimin

Published based on the manuscript.

**Notes**
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**Critique on the Report on Implementing the Spirit of the Enlarged Seventh Session of the Military Commission's Executive Office [1]**
(November 12, 1964)

Comrades Shaoqi, Xiaoping, and Peng Zhen [2]:
This document is worth reading. This is a major matter.

Mao Zedong
November 12

I ask you to pay attention to military affairs and not forget about them.
Return to Mao.

Published based on the manuscript.

**Notes**
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**Critique on the Report from the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee on the Rural Socialist Education Movement [1]**
(November 1964)

Well worth reading once or twice.

Published based on Mao Zedong's manuscript.

**Notes**
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**Critique on the Report on Shooting Down a US Military Unmanned Aircraft [1]**
(November 22, 1964)

Comrade Yalou:
This document [2] has been read and is very good. I was very concerned to hear you are ill. You must rest seriously, follow the doctor's advice, and not be careless.

Mao Zedong
November 22

Published based on the manuscript.

**Notes**
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**Telegram Congratulating the Ninth Congress of the Japanese Communist Party**
(November 23, 1964)

To the Ninth Congress of the Japanese Communist Party,
Dear Comrades:

The Ninth Congress of the Japanese Communist Party, bearing great historical significance, has been convened triumphantly. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on behalf of all members of the Communist Party of China and the 650 million Chinese people, extends warm fraternal congratulations to your Party Congress, and through your Congress, extends the most cordial and loftiest respects to the fraternal Japanese Communist Party and to the great struggling Japanese people.

The Japanese Communist Party is a combative and staunch vanguard of the Japanese proletariat, a loyal defender of the interests of the Japanese people, and a shock brigade in the international communist movement armed with Marxist-Leninist ideology. The Japanese Communist Party creatively integrates the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism with the concrete conditions of Japan, holding high the revolutionary banner of opposing US imperialism and Japanese monopoly capital, and guiding the revolutionary struggle of the Japanese people victoriously forward. In recent years, under the leadership and inspiration of the Japanese Communist Party, the Japanese people have continuously and vigorously waged magnificent and heroic struggles against US imperialism and the reactionaries. The Japanese Communist Party and the Japanese people stand courageously at the forefront of the struggle against US imperialism, having made tremendous contributions to peace in Asia and the world.

Dedication. The development of the Japanese people's revolutionary struggle is a tremendous inspiration to the peoples of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, as well as to the revolutionary people of the entire world. The Japanese Communist Party has always been faithful to the principles of Marxism-Leninism and proletarian internationalism, and has consistently worked to safeguard the unity of the international communist movement. The Japanese Communist Party upholds the revolutionary principles of the 1957 Declaration and the 1960 Statement, resolutely opposes revisionism—the main danger to the international communist movement—and combats dogmatism, making positive contributions to defending the purity of Marxism-Leninism and advancing its theory. The Communist Party of China and the Japanese Communist Party, and the Chinese people and the Japanese people, have forged profound militant friendship through their long common struggle against shared enemies. Our two parties and the peoples of our two countries have always supported and inspired each other in our common struggle. The Japanese Communist Party has made outstanding contributions to strengthening the friendship and unity between the Chinese and Japanese peoples. The Japanese Communist Party and the Japanese people can be deeply confident that the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people will unwaveringly stand by your side and support your great and just struggle. We firmly believe that, under the leadership and inspiration of the Japanese Communist Party, the people of all strata in Japan will unite more resolutely and more broadly, and Japan's national democratic united front will further expand and develop. The revolutionary cause of the Japanese people is sure to achieve new and great victories. An independent, democratic, peaceful, neutral, and prosperous Japan will certainly be realized. I sincerely wish the Ninth Congress of the Japanese Communist Party great success! Long live the glorious, great, and heroic Japanese Communist Party!

Mao Zedong
Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
November 23, 1964
Printed based on the November 26, 1964 edition of the People's Daily.

--- Notes

[1] The speech delivered by Liu Ningyi, Vice Minister of the International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee and Vice President of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association, at the Beijing meeting celebrating the 47th anniversary of the October Revolution on November 6, 1964, was published in *People's Daily* on November 7, 1964.
[2] Part (I) of this text is the critique written by Mao Zedong on the draft speech of Liu Ningyi submitted for review by Wu Lengxi, President of Xinhua News Agency and Editor-in-Chief of *People's Daily*, on November 5, 1964. Part (II) is a critique concerning the sentence "The era in which we live is an era where the East Wind prevails over the West Wind" in the speech draft; Mao Zedong deleted this sentence. Part (III) consists of Mao Zedong's revisions to the speech draft, where the text printed in Song typeface was added by him.


[1] The telegram from the CPC Hunan Provincial Committee to the CPC Central Committee on November 1, 1964, stated: "In areas undergoing the Socialist Education Movement, it has been discovered that in some brigades and production teams, cadres are lying down and refusing to work, passively resisting; in some, leadership has been seized by those who have undergone peaceful evolution; and in others, by enemies who have infiltrated. This hinders current work and sabotages the Socialist Education Movement. In view of this, we plan to issue a notice in the name of the Provincial People's Committee and the Provincial Preparatory Committee of the Poor Peasants' Association, stipulating that in the aforementioned three types of areas, the Poor Peasants' Association shall take over and all power shall belong to the Poor Peasants' Association. Whether this is feasible, please instruct." A draft of the notice was attached to the telegram. On November 12, 1964, the CPC Central Committee issued a directive in document Zhongfa [64] No. 716 to Party committees at the county and regimental levels regarding the exercise of power by Poor Peasants' Associations in areas with serious problems. The directive stated: "The Central Committee agrees with the opinion of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee and approves this draft notice. The Hunan Provincial Party Committee is expected to handle the matter accordingly." "The document from the Hunan Provincial Party Committee is hereby forwarded to all localities. Other localities may also refer to the opinion of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee and handle the matter as appropriate."
[2] Shaoqi refers to Liu Shaoqi.


[1] Fang Zhimin, a native of Yiyang, Jiangxi, was a primary founder of the Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi Border Area and the Tenth Red Army. In January 1935, he was captured while fighting against Kuomintang forces and was heroically executed in Nanchang, Jiangxi, in August of the same year.
[2] This note was written on a letter dated May 21, 1964, from Wang Zhuochao, Vice Governor of Jiangxi Province, to Wang Dongxing, Director of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee. The letter requested Chairman Mao to inscribe the words "The Tomb of Martyr Fang Zhimin" and asked Wang Dongxing to discuss and decide with the Chairman what exact characters to write.


[1] The report from the Central Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee on November 4, 1964, to Mao Zedong and the Central Committee regarding the implementation of the spirit of the Enlarged Seventh Session of the Military Commission's Executive Office stated that after the meeting, all military regions, services and arms, military academies, and the headquarters of various general departments immediately convened enlarged standing committee meetings and enlarged Party committee meetings to convey and discuss the spirit. At the same time, all units combined the conveyance of the meeting's spirit, in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee and Chairman Mao, to specifically arrange their work. The main ongoing tasks of the Military Commission were: 1. Ensuring war preparedness implementation. A combat meeting was planned for December of that year to discuss and revise the army-wide operational plans and study the implementation issues of various war preparedness tasks. 2. Focus on preparations for the Socialist Education Movement. The general arrangement was: before the first half of next year, leading organs above the army level would select some different types of units as pilot projects to understand the situation and gain experience, preparing for a full-scale rollout across the entire army in the second half of next year. Rectify the ranks of literary and art personnel and political theory instructors, launch struggles against bourgeois literary thought and revisionist theoretical viewpoints, and resolutely purge bad elements and degenerates hidden within the army's literary, art, and political theory ranks. 3. Emphasize leading cadres staying at primary-level units. Requirement for leading cadres above the division level to take turns going down to basic-level units to stay for periods, one to two times per person per year, about one month each time. 4. Rectification of military academies. 5. Preparations for rectifying organs at the beginning of the next year. 6. Research on reforming the military salary system and the military rank system. A preliminary plan had been proposed and distributed to all military regions, services, arms, and academies for opinions, to be discussed and decided by the Military Commission and reported to the Central Committee for approval.
[2] Shaoqi refers to Liu Shaoqi. Xiaoping refers to Deng Xiaoping, then General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee. Peng Zhen, then a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Central Secretariat.


[1] This critique was written on the first report from the CPC Guangdong Provincial Committee to the Central Committee and the Central-South Bureau on November 13, 1964, regarding the rural Socialist Education Movement. The report first reported on the circumstances and insights gained from the provincial standing committee members going down to stay at primary-level units for over a month. This experience allowed the standing committee members to gain a deeper understanding of the severity, complexity, and acuteness of the current rural class struggle, receive a profound education, and fully expose and vigorously spur on bureaucratic tendencies and right-leaning thinking in their work. They expressed deep regret and remorse, saying: their "official" positions had become too high, and bureaucratic tendencies had greatly developed. High official positions, generous salaries, and a pampered lifestyle had formed a high wall, separating them from the masses of poor and lower-middle peasants, leaving them completely unaware of the real situation in the countryside. In the future, they resolved to resolutely eliminate bureaucratic airs and habits, make the utmost determination, and carry out this Socialist Education Movement deeply, thoroughly, and completely. Regarding the Socialist Education Movement, the report stated that the main experiences that could be preliminarily affirmed from this phase of work included: (1) Work teams must take a clear-cut stand; upon entering a village, they must high the three great banners of class struggle, the "Four Clean-ups," and reliance on the poor and lower-middle peasants, appear with a revolutionary posture, establish a new style of "Three Togethers" and "Four Clean-ups," and dare to wage a tit-for-tat struggle against cadres involved in "Four Un-clean" practices. (2) Do not rush to "take root," and even more so, do not engage in isolated or static "root-taking." (3) Be adept at organically integrating ideological mobilization among the masses, organizational networking, and practical action according to actual conditions. (4) During ideological mobilization, arm the poor and lower-middle peasants with the ideology of new situations and new characteristics of class struggle, raising the masses' ideological consciousness to the level of opposing peaceful evolution and carrying out socialist revolution. (5) Use maximum effort to organize a strong class contingent and cultivate a revolutionary core leadership. (6) Pay full attention to the role of the Poor Peasants' Association, cultivate its capacity for independent activity, establish its prestige, and enable the poor and lower-middle peasants to see their own strength. (7) Centered on the Poor Peasants' Association, form a broad peripheral force for the "Four Clean-ups." To ensure the movement is conducted deeply and thoroughly to reach a high standard, we must currently highlight and thoroughly resolve the following issues: First, resolutely oppose right-leaning tendencies and completely uncover the lid on rural class struggle. Second, seriously lead and continuously rectify the work teams, forging them into a high-quality, truly resilient combat force worthy of carrying out a great revolution. Third, attach great importance to the work of cultivating a revolutionary core leadership. Fourth, adopt correct work policies and methods, and resolutely carry out the "Four Clean-ups" thoroughly.


[1] This critique was written on the letter from Liu Yalou, Commander of the PLA Air Force, dated November 22, 1964, to Wang Dongxing, Director of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee, transmitting the report on shooting down a US military unmanned aircraft. The letter stated that a report was respectfully submitted and requested that it be verbally relayed to the Chairman or presented for the Chairman to read. If there are any instructions, please inform us.
[2] Refers to the report dated November 20, 1964, from Liu Yalou, Commander of the PLA Air Force, Wu Faxian, Political Commissar, Wu Fushan, Deputy Commander, and Zhang Tingfa, Deputy Commander and Chief of Staff, to Mao Zedong reporting on the shooting down of a US military unmanned aircraft. The report briefly described the process of our Air Force shooting down a US military unmanned high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft over the Suixi area of Guangdong on November 15, 1964, and provided a preliminary summary of this high-altitude stratospheric combat.