On
Comments on the Draft Editorial "Unite on the Basis of the Moscow Declaration and the Moscow Statement"
(January 25, 1963)
Comrade Xiaoping [1]:
I have read the editorial [2] sent on the 24th. It is well written and can be published.
Mao Zedong
11:00 PM, January 25th

[1] Xiaoping, i.e., Deng Xiaoping, was then the General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee.
[2] Refers to the draft editorial of the *People's Daily*, "Unite on the Basis of the Moscow Declaration and the Moscow Statement," sent by Deng Xiaoping to Mao Zedong for review. This editorial was published in the *People's Daily* on January 27, 1963.

On
"More on the Differences Between Comrade Togliatti [1] and Us"
(February 1963)
"More on the Differences Between Comrade Togliatti and Us—On Several Major Issues of Leninism in the Contemporary Era" [2]
It is necessary to mention our article [3] of January 31st, explaining why we are writing this one again.
To Comrade Chen Boda:
Cuba's view [4] is correct and worth reading.
Mao Zedong
February 6th

This document (7) is also worth reading.
Five
Comrade Boda:
Please make another clean copy and send it to me for review.
Mao
Since they have directly provoked an open debate with us this time, what can we do? Can we still remain silent as in the past? Can it be that "only the magistrate is allowed to burn down houses, while the common people are not even allowed to light lamps"? No, no, no. We must answer. They have forced us to the point where we have no other choice but to answer them publicly.

Comments and Revisions on the Draft of "More on the Differences Between Comrade Togliatti and Us"
Comrade Boda:
Please make another clean copy and send it to me for review.
Seven
Eight
Mao Zedong
February 15th
Now this article is prepared to conduct a more detailed analysis and criticism of the erroneous statements made by Comrade Togliatti and others over the years, as our response to their renewed attack. After Comrade Togliatti and others have read our response, let's see what attitude they express—will they still say that we "often lack clear explicitness"? Will they still say that we are "very abstract and conceptual" and "lack a sense of reality"? Will they still say that we have "no accurate understanding" of the situation in Italy and the work of the Italian Communist Party, and that our position on the Italian Communist Party is a "clear fabrication"? Will they still say that we are "dogmatists and sectarianists using radical revolutionary rhetoric to cover up their opportunism"? Let's wait and see, and then take appropriate action. In short, it is not acceptable to allow only the masters to speak and not the servants to utter a word; it is not acceptable to allow only the magistrate to burn down houses, while the common people are not even allowed to light lamps. There has never been such an unfair law recognized by the public since ancient times. Moreover, disagreements among us communists can only be resolved by presenting the facts and reasoning things out, and absolutely cannot be resolved by adopting the attitude of slave owners towards slaves. Proletarians and communists all over the world must unite, but they can only unite on the basis of the Moscow Declaration and the Moscow Statement, only on the basis of presenting the facts and reasoning things out, only on the basis of equal consultation and reciprocity, and only on the basis of Marxism-Leninism. If only the slave owners are allowed to wave their batons at the slaves, chanting "unity, unity," then what they are actually saying is "division, division." The slaves of the world cannot accept this kind of divisionism. What we want is unity, and we resolutely do not allow a small handful of people to create division.
Nine
What is the nature of this great debate among the communist parties of various countries?
Ten
Comrade Chen Boda:
There have been some revisions. The titles of the chapters in the second section have all been changed. What do you think? Please make another clean copy and send it to me for review. How are the revisions to the following chapters? Please make a clean copy and send it to me immediately for review.
Mao Zedong
7:00 AM, February 16th
Eleven
Please read it, Comrade Boda, and consider it carefully. Then make another clean copy and send it to me for review.
Mao Zedong
7:00 AM, February 18th

Comments and Revisions on the Draft of "More on the Differences Between Comrade Togliatti and Us"
Twelve
A very interesting phenomenon has universally appeared in the international communist movement. What phenomenon is it? It is that those heroes and good fellows who claim to hold all the truth of Marxism-Leninism in their hands are very afraid of the articles written by the so-called "dogmatists," "sectarianists," "divisionists," "nationalists," and "Trotskyists" whom they are vigorously denouncing, in order to answer their attacks. They dare not publish these articles in their newspapers and magazines. They are as timid as mice, scared to death, and dare not let the people in their own countries see our reply articles, strictly sealing them off, making them watertight. They even use powerful radio stations to interfere, preventing the people from hearing our broadcasts. Lovely gentlemen, friends, and comrades who have grasped all the truth, since you are sure that our articles are wrong, why not publish all these wrong articles and then refute them point by point, so that you can arouse hatred among the people in your own countries, hatred for those evil spirits and heretics whom you call dogmatists, sectarianists, and anti-Marxist-Leninists? Why don't you dare to do this? Why do you seal them off like an iron bucket? You are afraid of ghosts. A huge specter of "dogmatism," that is, genuine Marxism-Leninism, is wandering around the world, and this specter threatens you. You do not trust the people, and the people do not trust you. You are divorced from the masses, so you are afraid of the truth, and you are afraid to such a ridiculous extent. Gentlemen, friends, and comrades, good for you, stand up and openly debate in front of the people of the whole country and the whole world, and both sides publish all the articles criticizing themselves. We hope you will learn from our example, which is what we do. We dare to publish all your things in full. After publishing all your "great" works that scold us, we then refute you point by point or in summary, as our reply. Sometimes we only publish your erroneous articles, and we do not make a single word of reply, letting the readers think for themselves. Isn't this fair and reasonable enough? Modern revisionist gentlemen, do you dare to do this? Good for you, you dare. With a guilty conscience and a weak heart, outwardly fierce but inwardly timid, appearing as strong as an ox but actually as timid as a mouse, then you dare not. We are sure that you dare not. Is this the case? Please answer.
Thirteen
Workers of all countries, unite!
Fourteen
Comrade Boda:
It has been revised very well and is very complete. There are no more regrets. I have made a few small revisions in Chapter Eight. Please consider them.
Mao Zedong
10:00 AM, February 20th

[1] Togliatti, then the General Secretary of the Italian Communist Party.
[2] The article "More on the Differences Between Comrade Togliatti and Us—On Several Major Issues of Leninism in the Contemporary Era" was originally published in *Red Flag* Nos. 3 and 4, 1963, and published in the *People's Daily* from March 1 to March 4, 1963.
[3] Sections one and two of this article are Mao Zedong's comments on the draft of "More on the Differences Between Comrade Togliatti and Us" by Chen Boda, an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and editor-in-chief of *Red Flag* magazine.