Comments and Revisions on the Draft of the Article
"Long Live Leninism" [1]
(April 1960)

Not thorough enough; it is advisable to add a few sentences. (2)

Southeast Asia, the West will sow discord.
(JJ
Revisionism is the main danger.
Chuan
The draft of this editorial article submitted for review stated: "When a socialist country is compelled to wage a defensive war and launch a counter-offensive due to imperialist attack, as the Soviet Union did in the war against Hitler, is it right or wrong to cross its national borders in order to pursue and annihilate such enemies coming from abroad? Without a doubt, this is completely right, completely necessary, and completely just. The armies of socialist countries are just armies; in the places they reach, they will naturally exert influence and produce effects. However, even so, in those places, in those countries, it is still only according to the will of the masses of the people that a people's revolution can occur and a socialist system can be established." When publicly published, this passage was revised to: "When a socialist country is compelled to wage a defensive war and launch a counter-offensive due to imperialist attack, as the Soviet Union did in the war against Hitler, is it right or wrong to cross its national borders in order to pursue and annihilate such enemies coming from abroad? Without a doubt, this is completely right, completely necessary, and completely just. According to the strict principles of communists, it must be absolutely limited to times when imperialism launches a war of aggression against a socialist country that a socialist country can act in this way. Socialist countries must never permit, must never deem it right, and must never be able to send their armies across national borders when not subjected to aggression by foreign enemies. The armies of socialist countries are just armies; when they are compelled to cross national borders to counter-attack foreign enemies, they will naturally exert influence and produce effects in the places they reach. However, even so, in those places, in those countries, it is still only according to the will of the masses of the people that a people's revolution can occur and a socialist system can be established."

Comments and Revisions on the Draft of the Article "Long Live Leninism"
IV
Peace and war, it is necessary to have two hands.
V
Summarize the main points of each section once at the beginning and once at the end.
/'\
This passage in the declaration is stated very correctly; the situation is exactly like this.
(I]
VII
Every socialist country, wherever possible, should increasingly master such new technologies [2] that serve the welfare of the people.
[1]
VIII
The revolutionary party of the proletariat must closely rely on the masses of its own class, must closely rely on the semi-proletariat in the countryside, that is, the broad masses of poor peasants, and establish a worker-peasant alliance led by the proletariat. Only then, on the basis of this alliance, is it possible to unite with all social forces that can be united.
In April 1960, Mao Zedong was in Guangzhou studying the editorial work for Volume IV of the *Selected Works of Mao Zedong* with relevant comrades.

--- Notes

[1] Items 1 and 2 of this piece are comments written by Mao Zedong on the draft of this editorial article from *Hongqi* (Red Flag) magazine, submitted for review by Chen Boda, Editor-in-Chief of *Hongqi*, on April 14, 1960. Items 3, 4, and 5 are comments written on the draft submitted on April 16. Item 6 is a sentence added by Mao Zedong to the April 16 draft. Items 7 and 8 are revisions to the April 16 draft, wherein the text printed in Song typeface represents words added by Mao Zedong. On the April 16 draft submitted for review, Chen Boda reported to Mao Zedong: "I have already conveyed your opinions to Comrade Xiaoping and others, and after discussion, revisions have been made. Originally, your name was mentioned in fifteen places; now only four remain, and apart from the one concerning the paper tiger issue, all deal with domestic issues." This article was later published in Issue No. 8 of *Hongqi* magazine in 1960.


The draft of this editorial article submitted for review stated: The Declaration of the Meeting of Representatives of the Communist and Workers' Parties of Socialist Countries held in Moscow in November 1957 stated: "Modern revisionism attempts to slander the great doctrine of Marxism-Leninism, calling it 'outdated,' as if it has now lost its significance for social development. Revisionism strives to corrode the soul of Marxism and destroy the confidence of the working class and the working people in socialism." Following this passage, Mao Zedong added this sentence.
[2]
This refers to new technologies such as atomic energy and rockets.


[2] The draft of this editorial article submitted for review stated: "What Tito speaks of—is it the 'domestic construction' of imperialism for oppressing its own people, oppressing the whole world, and carrying out arms expansion? Or is it the 'domestic construction' of socialism for enhancing the people's well-being and seeking lasting world peace?" Beside this passage, Mao Zedong placed a question mark and wrote this comment. When the article was publicly published, this passage was not revised.