Amendments by Mao Zedong to Li Fuchun’s Draft Report on the 1960 National Economic Plan (March 1960) I. In accordance with the rapid development of the productive forces, continuous reforms of the relations of production and the superstructure have opened up broad avenues for their further growth. Conversely, the constant advancement of the productive forces compels ongoing reforms in both the relations of production and the superstructure. II. As a result, a unified relationship is established between leaders and the masses—one of complete equality and fraternal solidarity—which further stimulates the enthusiasm and consciousness of the broad ranks of workers and staff in building socialism. We must completely eradicate all traces of bureaucratic, commandist, and patronizing attitudes among the leadership. Achieving this goal cannot be accomplished quickly; it requires a long-term process. Each year we should carry out rectification campaigns to thoroughly criticize those who exhibit such tendencies and to help them correct their shortcomings.

Comments and Amendments by Mao Zedong on Li Xiannian’s Draft Report Concerning the 1959 State Settlement and the 1960 State Budget (March 1960) I. Some points should be discussed with Xiannian. Certain issues from the twenty-five questions ought to be incorporated. Printed according to Mao Zedong’s manuscript. II. Within our own ranks there are still a few individuals who fail to grasp the overall situation and harbor doubts and concerns about the adjustment targets set at that time. However, reality soon provided a definitive answer. The outcomes of the annual national economic and budgetary execution demonstrated that their£± １

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III. In 1959, a small group of right-leaning opportunist elements within the Party opposed the Party’s General Line, the Great Leap Forward in production, and the People’s Commune movement. They formed factional organizations, engaged in activities aimed at splitting the Party, and launched a frenzied offensive against the Party’s majority. This was a reflection within the Party of the class struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, as well as the struggle between the socialist and capitalist paths, taking place in society at large. Printed in the People’s Daily of March 31, 1960 (with Mao Zedong’s revisions). Notes Refers to the report on the draft 1960 national economic plan submitted by Li Fuchun, Vice Premier of the State Council and Director of the State Planning Commission, to Mao Zedong for review on March 16, 1960 (third revised draft). On March 30, Li Fuchun presented this report on behalf of the State Council at the Second Session of the Second National People’s Congress, and it was published in the People’s Daily of March 31, 1960. The text printed in Song typeface in this section consists of additions and revisions made by Mao Zedong. £± ０


doubts or opposition were entirely unwarranted and erroneous. Printed based on Mao Zedong’s revised version. Notes Refers to the fourth draft of the report on the 1959 state settlement and the 1960 state budget, circulated by the General Office of the CPC Central Committee on March 16, 1960. On March 30, Li Xiannian, Vice Premier of the State Council and Minister of Finance, delivered this report at the Second Session of the Second National People’s Congress, which was subsequently published in the People’s Daily of April 1, 1960. The text printed in Song typeface in Section III represents additions and revisions made by Mao Zedong. These are fifteen questions raised by Mao Zedong during a mid-March 1960 meeting he convened in Zhejiang with leaders from six provinces and one municipality in East China: 1. The Four Modernizations; 2. Universalization of communal dining halls in urban areas; 3. Universalization of urban people’s communes; 4. Five issues concerning rural people’s communes; 5. Agricultural matters; 6. Industrial matters; 7. Small local railways and small foreign-built railways; 8. Comprehensive support from industry, transportation, finance, trade, and cultural-educational sectors for agriculture; 9. Educational issues; 10. Early completion of the Forty Articles of the Outline for Agricultural Development; 11. The “Four Pests” Campaign; 12. The Three-Anti Movement; 13. Cadre recusal policies; 14. Ensuring that foreign visitors are shown both positive and negative aspects during their tours; 15. Increasing production while economizing and promoting comprehensive utilization. The general requirements regarding the 1960 state budget arrangement, as outlined in the fourth draft circulated by the General Office of the CPC Central Committee on March 16, stated: “In 1960, we should further consolidate agriculture as the foundation, combine prioritizing heavy industry with rapid agricultural development, and properly balance the relationships among agriculture, light industry, and heavy industry. We should continue to implement the policy of using steel as the backbone of industry and grain as the cornerstone of agriculture, making comprehensive arrangements, while simultaneously strengthening sectors such as transportation, power generation, and mining. We must actively accelerate the processes of the Technical Revolution and the Cultural Revolution, so that the national economy can make even greater strides in 1960 and lay the groundwork for comprehensive advances in subsequent years. In this way, we may be able to catch up with and surpass Britain in the output of major industrial products in less than ten years, and substantially advance the fulfillment of the tasks stipulated in the National Outline for Agricultural Development from 1956 to 1967.” Based on Mao Zedong’s annotations, Li Xiannian made supplementary changes and revisions, resulting in the following wording in his report delivered on March 30: “To this end, in 1960 we should further establish agriculture as the foundation and industry as the leading sector, combining the prioritization of heavy industry with the rapid development of agriculture, and properly balancing the relationships among agriculture, light industry, and heavy industry. We should continue to adhere to the policy of using steel as the backbone of industry and grain as the cornerstone of agriculture, making comprehensive arrangements, while further reinforcing the transport, power generation, and mining industries. All sectors—industry, transportation, commerce, and culture and education—must mobilize their resources without exception to provide vigorous support for agricultural production. We should actively accelerate the Technical and Cultural Revolutions, vigorously promoting mechanization, semi-mechanization, automation, and semi-automation across all industries to enhance labor productivity. We should implement the principle of combining domestic and foreign technologies and integrating enterprises of different sizes. We should further consolidate and develop rural people’s communes, actively establish urban people’s communes, comprehensively organize production and daily life for both urban and rural residents, and strengthen public dining facilities. We must rigorously pursue increased production and thrift, mobilize the broad masses to combat corruption, waste, and bureaucracy, effectively rectify cadres’ work styles, raise their political awareness, and elevate the ideological level of the general public. Only then can we hope to catch up with and surpass Britain in the output of major industrial products in less than ten years and achieve ahead of schedule the goals set forth in the National Outline for Agricultural Development from 1956 to 1967.” 〔〕 Refers to certain adjustments to the 1959 national economic planning targets that the State Council submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress in August 1959.