The Four Modernizations Issue.

This year, we must vigorously promote mechanization, semi-mechanization, automation, and semi-automation. The whole country is now engaged in this, including cities, rural areas, industry, agriculture, commerce, and service trades. Put it forward comprehensively. We must achieve transformation in half a year, and still need to transform after ten years.

The Issue of Rural People's Communes.

Five issues (referring to the five issues in the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee's "Directive on Several Issues in Current People's Commune Work"). There are also other issues; the Central Committee has already issued directives. We must convene conferences of six-level cadres. A report from Shandong mentions equalitarianism and indiscriminate transfer of resources, disregarding discipline, and fundamentally failing to report to the county committee, let alone the provincial committee. Such phenomena will not be very numerous, nor very few. We must earnestly rectify this. We must grasp the backward ones, grasp the backward ones first.

This issue is very worthy of attention. Daring to speak, daring to think, daring to act is correct, but if one dares to think, speak, and act on absolutely everything, then that is incorrect. One must refrain from doing certain things before one can accomplish other things. Now, turning the "three dares" into an absolute is a lack of dialectics.

The Agricultural Issue.

Mainly the grain issue. Agriculture has twelve characters: grain, cotton, oil crops, hemp, silk, tea, sugar, vegetables, tobacco, fruit, medicinal herbs, miscellaneous. The twelve characters are a deployment issue; we must proceed from the strategic layout. Cadres at the provincial, prefectural, county, and commune levels must all understand the twelve characters and carry out deployment in a planned manner. This is agriculture; there are also forestry, animal husbandry, sideline production, and fishery. Forestry includes various types of forests: timber forests, fuel forests, windbreak forests, water conservation forests, economic forests, etc. What trees to plant? Fir trees, pine trees? Cypress trees? All must be suited to local conditions. Animal husbandry: "horses, cattle, sheep, chickens, dogs, pigs"—these six domestic animals are for human consumption, plus ducks and rabbits. In addition, there are sideline production and fishery. We must consider various specific situations. If everyone goes to engage in grain production and no one engages in the others, this destroys the original economic order.

The Industrial Issue.

Mainly the issue of coal and iron. Where there is coal and iron, there is steel.

Now, only ×××× small indigenous groups and small modern groups remain, presenting a somewhat desolate and cheerless appearance again. Wherever there is coal and iron, we must still engage in it; it does not matter if some minor disturbances occur. What should small modern groups and small indigenous groups engage in? Engage in metals, chemicals, petroleum, cement, timber, etc. In 1960, grasp it tightly, engage in it for three years, carry it out in stages and batches, and establish the deployment points for small modern group iron and steel. Wherever there is coal and iron, engage in it a bit; where there is coal but no iron, exchange can be conducted.

The Issue of Supporting Agriculture.

The industrial and communications systems, the finance and trade systems, the culture and education systems, large and medium-sized cities, and large, medium, and small industrial and mining enterprises should universally support agriculture. If this becomes universal across the country, agriculture will have hope; otherwise, the "Four, Five, Eight" targets are in danger. Shanghai has eleven counties achieving a per-mu yield of 800 jin; Shanghai's achievements in supporting agriculture are the greatest. In Guangdong, forty to fifty percent of the counties have achieved a per-mu yield of 800 jin. This is primarily a layout issue.

The Education Issue.

Localities must vigorously promote education, such as spare-time education, anti-illiteracy education, and agricultural middle schools. In Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, one prefecture has seven universities. Since the unification under Qin Shi Huang, our country has benefited from unification, but the drawback is rigidity from over-centralization. There are many small countries in Europe; one small country equals one of our provinces. The drawback is lack of unification, but their economy and culture have greatly developed. We must supplement our deficiencies under the principle of unification. All localities must run universities, and all departments must also run universities. This is also a layout issue. We must always be more progressive than Qin Shi Huang and Tang Taizong, enabling provinces, prefectures, counties, and communes to develop.

The Issue of Eliminating the Four Pests.

In the past two years, we have been relatively lax. Now we no longer target sparrows; bedbugs replace sparrows, bedbugs are the representative.

I have said that the health departments never talk about hygiene, never talk about mountain climbing, running, swimming, nor about the essentials of mountain climbing. The report from Jishan County is a good document from the Ministry of Health.

The Three-Antis Issue.

Corruption, waste, and bureaucracy have not been opposed for several years; we must oppose them vigorously. In Chiping County, Shandong, out of 80,000 yuan in accumulation, 70,000 yuan was used to build a grand auditorium. Some have embezzled relief funds and grain. Each province should first investigate one or two counties and raise the issue at the six-level cadre conference. Embezzled money must be returned; serious cases of embezzlement must be dealt with, and compensation must be made. Commune expenditures must be decided collectively by the Party committee and reported to the county for approval. The Shandong document I approved (referring to the "Central Committee's Instructions on the Situation of the Shandong Six-Level Cadre Conference") stated: "Some commune personnel are very arrogant, completely lacking any sense of discipline, daring to engage in equalitarianism and indiscriminate transfer without superior approval. In addition, there are three evils: corruption, waste, and bureaucracy, erupting again on a large scale, harming the people." "What is the scope? Not very large, nor very small." "Major embezzlers must be dealt with according to law." "For those few county committees that are truly incapable, they must also be resolutely removed and replaced with new personnel." Errors of a serious nature, incurring great public indignation, are not contradictions among the people but involve external contradictions. Let the virtuous hold office, let the capable hold posts.

The Issue of Avoidance.

Do not serve as officials in one's native place. Do not implement total avoidance; blanket avoidance undermines certain principles. We should believe the majority are good. Probably limiting it to one-quarter is appropriate; principal leading cadres should practice avoidance.

First send people to investigate for several months, understand the situation, then turn from guest to host, turn from host to guest, and ask him to leave.

A portion of people will have to go to jail. Do not kill people.

The Issue of Foreign Guests Visiting.

We must ensure they see both the good and the bad, preferably the good, the medium, and the bad—all three kinds—"compelling" them to see. If time is short, seeing two kinds is also acceptable; if truly impossible, then they simply have to not see.

I told the Germans that fifty percent of the communes are first-category communes, thirty-five percent are second-category communes, and fifteen percent are third-category communes. Among the 40,000 communes, 6,000 are in the hands of bad elements. After hearing this, he felt I had spoken fairly.

Rectifying third-category communes is not difficult. The advanced and the backward will exist for ten thousand years. Regarding foreign guests visiting, the Central Committee has issued directives: let them see both good and bad, so comparisons can be made.

The Issue of Increasing Production and Practicing Economy and Comprehensive Utilization.

Coal, electricity, water, salt, timber, petroleum, agricultural and sideline products—mainly coal and timber—increasing production and practicing economy and comprehensive utilization. In addition, there is the issue of the direction for tractors.

The Anti-China Issue.

Read a document (referring to "On the Anti-China Issue" and its appendix); everyone deliberate on it. Anti-China is actually, in large measure, support with a small measure of opposition. Handling our own affairs well will have a great impact.