Annotations on the Draft Resolution for the Movement to Increase Production and Practice Economy [1]
(August 7–17, 1959)

Comrades Boda, Jiaxiang, Qiaomu [2]:

Has the initial draft of the resolution on increasing production and practicing economy been completed? Do not weigh every word and phrase; once there is an outline, it can be printed and distributed to the Standing Committee members and the three of you. Review it, offer some opinions, then revise it into a second draft, and finally revise it into a third draft—that will be the stage for weighing every word and phrase. I hope to see the initial draft this evening; please handle this immediately.

On August 8, spend one day revising the resolution on opposing Right opportunism. [1] The main task is to harmonize the discordant parts between the third section I wrote and the fourth section, [2] and submit it for my review on the evening of the 8th. The above two resolutions must be printed and distributed to all comrades for discussion on the 9th. You three should then use the 9th and 10th to shift to drafting the third document, namely the resolution concerning the errors of Peng and Zhang, [3] [4] and submit it to me for review on the afternoon of the 10th (initial draft). Time is tight; you must intensify your work. Ensure the above is carried out as instructed. Awaiting your compliance!

Mao Zedong
August 7, 1959, 5:00 a.m.

[1] Refers to the Resolution of the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on "Struggling to Defend the Party's General Line and Oppose Right Opportunism."
[2] The third section of the draft resolution "Struggling to Defend the Party's General Line and Oppose Right Opportunism" was added by Mao Zedong and later slightly revised.
[3] Peng refers to Peng Dehuai, then a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, a member of the Central Military Commission, Vice Premier of the State Council, and Minister of National Defense. Zhang refers to Zhang Wentian, then an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs. In August 1959, at the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee, they were erroneously designated as the so-called "Peng Dehuai, Huang Kecheng, Zhang Wentian, Zhou Xiaozhou Anti-Party Clique." On June 27, 1981, the "Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China," adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eleventh CPC Central Committee, stated: "The resolution of the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee concerning the so-called 'Peng Dehuai, Huang Kecheng, Zhang Wentian, Zhou Xiaozhou Anti-Party Clique' was completely erroneous."
[4] Refers to the "Resolution of the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Errors of the Anti-Party Clique Headed by Comrade Peng Dehuai." Published in *People's Daily* on August 16, 1967.

Comrade Qiaomu:

This document is good. There are some revisions. [1] Immediately hand it over to Shangkun [2] to print 20 copies and distribute them to the Standing Committee members, Peng Zhen, [3] the drafting group, and the heads of the various greater regions to solicit opinions.

Mao Zedong
August 15

[1] Mao Zedong's revisions to the draft resolution on launching the movement to increase production and practice economy mainly included: On page 3, the sentence describing the tense market supply in the first half of 1959, "This situation, due to a series of measures adopted by the Party and government, has rapidly begun to improve step by step," was changed to: "This situation, due to a series of measures adopted by the Party and government, has rapidly undergone change and will undergo even greater change in the coming period." On page 6, "Build the country through diligence and frugality, diligently and frugally run all enterprises and undertakings" was changed to: "Build the country through diligence and frugality, diligently and frugally run the people's communes, diligently and frugally run all enterprises and undertakings." On page 8, "Overcome the Right-leaning slackening sentiment among certain irresolute elements, and struggle to seize this year's great victory" was changed to: "Overcome the Right opportunist sentiment among certain irresolute elements, resolutely strike down the sabotage activities of such elements, and struggle to win this year's great victory."
[2] Shangkun, namely Yang Shangkun, then an alternate secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and Director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee.
[3] Peng Zhen, then a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and a secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee.

There are some revisions, [1] on page 3, page 4 (change "seven years" to "eight years"), and page 8.

Mao
August 17

Immediately deliver to Liu, Zhou, Zhu, Lin, [2] Peng Zhen, and Qiaomu for review. Immediately review it, and if they agree with my revisions, [1] immediately send it to print. It must be distributed to all comrades by this afternoon or at the latest this evening, so they can take it with them tomorrow.

Mao Zedong
August 17, 4:00 a.m.

[1] Mao Zedong's revisions to the revised draft of the resolution on launching the movement to increase production and practice economy mainly included: On page 3, "However, because the people's purchasing power grew even faster, market supply once appeared rather tense. This situation, due to a series of measures adopted by the Party and government, has rapidly undergone change and will undergo even greater change in the coming period," was changed to: "However, because the people's purchasing power grew even faster, a small portion of commodities in market supply once appeared tense. This situation, due to a series of measures adopted by the Party and government, has rapidly undergone change and will inevitably undergo fundamental change in the coming period." On this page, Mao Zedong also wrote the annotation "Note the revisions." On page 4, "We will be able, in about seven years' time, to realize the slogan 'Catch up with Britain in the output of major industrial products within fifteen years'" was changed to: "We will be able, in about eight years' time (counting from 1958), to realize the slogan 'Catch up with Britain in the output of major industrial products within fifteen years.'" When *People's Daily* published this resolution on August 27, 1959, it further changed "about eight years' time" to "about ten years' time." On page 8, after "struggle to fulfill ahead of schedule the main targets of the Second Five-Year Plan within two years," parentheses were added around "i.e., 1958 and 1959" following "within two years," with the annotation "Note the revisions."
[2] Liu refers to Liu Shaoqi. Zhou refers to Zhou Enlai. Zhu refers to Zhu De. Lin refers to Lin Biao, then Vice Chairman of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council.

On August 9, 1959, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Ho Chi Minh, and others were at Lushan.
[1] Mao Zedong made revisions to all three documents submitted for review by Hu Qiaomu on August 16, 1959.

Photograph Captions:
On August 9, 1959, Mao Zedong and Ho Chi Minh at Lushan.
On August 9, 1959, Mao Zedong has a cordial conversation with Ho Chi Minh at Lushan.
On August 9, 1959, Mao Zedong and Ho Chi Minh cordially shake hands at Lushan.