All under Heaven Are Brothers [!]
(May 16, 1958)
[I] This is a note written by Mao Zedong in response to a report submitted to the Second Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC National Congress on May 14, 1958, from the Party Leadership Group of the Second Ministry of Machine-Building Industry concerning relations with Soviet experts.
The title was proposed by Mao Zedong.
The report stated that our ministry had been entrusted with a new construction task; many technical issues were either entirely unfamiliar to us or only partially understood.
Consequently, Soviet experts had become an indispensable technical resource at that time.
Commissioned by the Soviet Communist Party and government, these experts came to assist us with great enthusiasm, regarding it as their highest honor to help China build modern, high-standard, large-scale, fully equipped factories and mines.
Such sentiments were entirely understandable.
In the preceding period, due to our insufficient emphasis on the general line of building socialism—“more, faster, better, and more economically”—and the policy of combining large, medium, and small enterprises, disagreements occasionally arose during joint design work when we, based on China’s actual conditions, put forward alternative views.
This led to repeated back-and-forth over technical matters, with each side holding firm to its position, effectively creating two opposing forces.
It was only after the Chengdu Conference, following our study of Chairman Mao’s instructions and further clarification of the general line, that a shift began to take place.
This transition occurred gradually.
Initially, there prevailed a completely passive, dogmatic attitude: we dared not think for ourselves or ask questions, believing that since we did not understand, we should simply copy everything wholesale.
After the Chengdu Conference, we conducted a more thorough review of our experience in working with Soviet experts and realized that even this work must be guided by political principles—placing ideology first, using abstract principles to inform concrete action, and integrating the two.
Over the past month or so, we have repeatedly, through various means, briefed Soviet experts on China’s general line of “mobilizing all efforts, striving to advance, and achieving more, faster, better, and more economically,” as well as on the Rectification Movement and other relevant aspects of China’s actual situation.
As a result, Soviet experts have come to consciously grasp China’s policies and guidelines and conduct their work in accordance with China’s specific circumstances, with very positive results.
Now, Soviet experts are able to engage in proactive discussions with their Chinese colleagues about how to adapt projects to China’s realities and how to implement the “more, faster, better, and more economically” approach.
Numerous design modifications have been made, innovative solutions have been devised, and new, more rational designs have emerged.
In this way, the previous dual forces have been consolidated into a single, unified drive.
As one Soviet expert put it, “This is the crystallization of Sino-Soviet friendship.”

All under Heaven Are Brothers
This is an excellent document and well worth reading.
Comrade Xiaoping III, please have it immediately distributed to all delegates at the conference.
Wherever there are Soviet experts, this approach should be followed without exception.
Soviet experts are all good comrades; reasonable arguments will always prevail.
If reason is not applied, or if it is done clumsily, resulting in estrangement between the two sides, the responsibility lies with us.
Within the ranks of communists, all under heaven are brothers.
We must regard our Soviet comrades as our own people.
Following the conference, we should engage in more frequent dialogue with them in light of the general line, keeping politics paramount, showing respect for our Soviet colleagues, and humbly and diligently learning from them.
At the same time, however, we must dispel all superstitions and overthrow Jia Gui [2]!

Jia Gui (i.e., the sycophant) is someone whom no one holds in high regard.
Mao Zedong
May 16, 1958
Comrade Xiaoping:
Please attend to this matter immediately. The note appears at the beginning of the document.
Mao
[1]
Xiaoping refers to Deng Xiaoping, who at that time served as General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council.
[2]
Jia Gui is a character in the Peking Opera “The Temple of the Heavenly Gate.”
He was a chief eunuch under Liu Jin, a powerful official of the Ming dynasty.
Before Liu Jin, he would grovel and kowtow; whenever others offered him a seat, he would insist on standing, claiming he was accustomed to it.