To Zhou Enlai and Others
(March 17, 1957)

Enlai, Chen Yun, Peng Zhen, Comrade Ding_[JI:

Universities and middle schools are requesting the strengthening of ideological and political leadership and the improvement of ideological and political education, the reduction of courses, the restoration of political classes in middle schools, the abolition of constitutional governance (law) classes, the compilation of new ideological and political textbooks, the determination to transfer several batches of capable cadres suitable for school work from the Party and government systems to work in universities and middle schools, and the assignment of the task of leading ideological and political work to the Higher Education Department and the Education Department.

Please have the Central Committee discuss the above points once and make a decision. I have arrived in Tianjin.

Mao Zedong
March 17, 1957

[1] Chen Yun was then Vice Chairman of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council. Peng Zhen was then Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee. Ding Yi, namely Lu Dingyi, was then Minister of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee.

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Envelope of Mao Zedong's letter to Zhou Enlai and others.

Speech at the Meeting of Party Member Cadres in Tianjin
(March 17, 1957)

(Huang Huoqing, Wu Yannong, [illegible], and Li Gengtao [illegible] comrades accompanied Mao Zedong as he appeared on the rostrum, everyone stood up and applauded warmly for a long time)

Huang Huoqing: Comrades, now we invite Chairman Mao to speak to us.
(Applause)

Mao Zedong: What questions do you have?

Huang Huoqing: If you have any questions that need to be answered by the Chairman, you can write them down. Now the Chairman will speak to everyone first.

Mao Zedong: What should I talk about? Comrades, what questions do you have?

Many comrades have not met before, so today I will talk to comrades about something. I hope comrades will raise some questions for me. Your questions have not arrived yet, so there is still time, so I will say a few words first, let's talk about "Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred schools of thought contend"! Is that okay? (Applause)

Because this issue is a matter of concern to our entire Party, it is a matter of concern to everyone in society, and it is a matter of concern to democratic personages and people from all walks of life in society. On this issue, opinions among our comrades are not completely consistent. Some comrades feel that this policy is acceptable and agree with it, while some comrades seem to be okay with it, but there is always a little discomfort in their hearts: "Let a hundred flowers bloom," so many flowers, what if something bad comes out? "Let a hundred schools of thought contend," our Communist Party only counts as one "school," and ninety-nine schools surround us, what if that happens? Is there this question, comrades? That is, there are those who understand this issue relatively well, those who understand some but not very much, those who are skeptical, and those who do not agree, there are various opinions within our Party.

Speech at the Meeting of Party Member Cadres in Tianjin

What was the main work our Party did in the past? Isn't there construction work now? In the past few decades, our main work was class struggle work. Class struggle is not construction work. Class struggle is to overthrow several systems, namely imperialism, bureaucratic capitalism, and feudalism. That was a revolution, and socialism overthrew the capitalist system. These all belong to the scope of class struggle. Fighting Chiang Kai-shek, resisting America and aiding Korea, suppressing counter-revolutionaries, land reform, and democratic reform in cities, as well as socialist transformation. These all belong to the scope of class struggle. That momentum was very strong, wasn't it?

In the past few decades, from the time we had this Party until the first half of last year, socialist transformation, that is, the high tide in the second half of the year before last and the first half of last year, at that time the gongs and drums were loud and it was very lively. Our Party's energy was mainly focused on this aspect. This struggle lasted a long time, it started from the Opium War of our ancestors, in 1840, from that time of anti-imperialism, counting to 1950, it was one hundred and ten years, to last year 1956, it was as long as one hundred and sixteen years, before the superstructure and the relations of production were changed one by one - the old relations of production were changed to new relations of production, the old superstructure was changed to the new superstructure. Relations of production mainly refer to ownership, and now our ownership is socialist ownership. The superstructure is the government, the state power organs, and the army, all of which have been changed. This is a very big struggle. In the past, when we were carrying out this struggle, people did not believe in us at the beginning. Who believed that the Communist Party could succeed? They did not believe it when the Communist Party first existed, and they did not believe it in the middle either, because we experienced failures in the middle. After the failure of the Northern Expedition, and later, the failure of the land revolution, after two major failures, people did not believe it. What about now? Now people believe it, saying that the Communist Party is capable, where is it capable? They say you are capable in politics and you are capable in military affairs, you have these two skills. People say that the Communist Party has these two skills, and can still win the exam. Did imperialism win the exam? Compared to us, Chiang Kai-shek, the Kuomintang compared to us, who won? Who won and who lost? We won. {You won, so that's it, winning is good, you won, what else is there to say, that's good, what about construction? People have always said that the Communist Party is probably not capable, what about now? We are both revolutionizing and building. I was just saying "mainly," class struggle is the main thing, not saying that there is no construction, there is still construction, in this aspect, we are not incapable. If you want to say we are incapable, we are also a little capable, because when we were carrying out class struggle in the base areas, we also learned a little bit. But we don't know how to build big factories, what design, construction, installation, that whole set of things. Science, natural science, engineering technology, to teach university students, we have very few university professors. Are there many university professors here? (Stands up and asks the audience), are there any? University professors please raise your hands! Not one? Are there any university professors? There must be a few, right? (Some comrades in the audience raise their hands) One, there is one over there, so few! Comrades, (Huang Huoqing: Some didn't raise their hands. Chairman Mao returned to his seat and continued to speak) Some didn't raise their hands? Yes, your power is not great, so you don't dare to raise your hands.

Now some people say that the Communist Party is not good at science, the Communist Party is not good at teaching in universities, not good at being doctors in hospitals, not good at doing engineering in factories, being engineers, being technicians. There are a few that are not good, that's it! What do you think of this statement? Have you heard it, comrades! I have heard some such statements, I say this statement is correct, it is in accordance with the facts. That is, we don't have scientists, engineering technicians, doctors, university professors. There are also few teachers in middle schools. There is a little bit in literature and art, but it is also three-seven split; that is, like Stalin making mistakes, didn't Stalin have three parts of mistakes and seven parts of correctness? We have three parts of knowing and seven parts of not knowing. In literature and art. The advantage is still outside the Communist Party, almost all university professors are outside the Communist Party, almost all doctors are outside the Communist Party. Isn't that right? There are two million people in the education sector, large, middle, and primary schools, the so-called "teachers" of public education personnel number two million, what does the Communist Party do? The Communist Party is nominally leading in schools, but in reality, it cannot lead, because you don't understand! So it should be admitted that this is an aspect where we are not capable. They are right, but their statement is also not comprehensive, I say it is half right, and half wrong. The Communist Party cannot lead, that is correct, the Communist Party can also lead, they didn't say that. Why can it also lead? I say that I don't understand, so why do I ask you to do it! The Kuomintang also doesn't understand, "Chairman Chiang," Chiang Kai-shek also doesn't understand, the Kuomintang party is also similar to us in the few skills just mentioned, he is also aware of doing class struggle, he specializes in doing class struggle, he doesn't do construction. We do class struggle on the one hand, and we have done a little construction in these seven years. He has been doing it for twenty years, and only has tens of thousands of tons of steel, we have been doing it for seven years, this year is eight years, how many tons of steel do we have? It may reach five million tons of steel, according to the plan, four million one hundred and twenty thousand tons, it may exceed. Maybe it will be less than five million, just over four million tons. So he only had tens of thousands of tons in twenty years, and we have four million tons in eight years, that is to say, we make plans, in addition, the Ministry of Finance gives these people food to eat. The Kuomintang has no plan, and does not give food. Comrades! I can't speak without eating, and you can't listen, scientists, university professors, doctors, all need to eat, the Kuomintang has food but doesn't give it to those people, he specializes in doing class struggle, giving it to the army, giving it to those politicians. I say Li Fuchun, and Li Xiannian, there are still these two people in the world, one in charge of planning, one in charge of finance, put all these scientists, university professors, engineers, and doctors into the plan, make long-term plans, annual plans, and lead them on this basis, lead them with plans, in addition, what else can lead them? That is to lead them with politics, that is to lead them with Marxism-Leninism. But in any case, we are not capable now, but things in the world can be learned. We have to learn now, now class struggle, this work is basically over. The so-called basically over is not completely over, large-scale mass class struggle is basically over, we said at the "Eighth National Congress," our entire Party requires to engage in this construction, to learn science, to learn to be a teacher in a university, to learn to do experiments in scientific institutions, to study science. To learn to be an engineer, to be a technician, to be a doctor, to fight against nature, to lead the entire society to fight against nature, to change the face of China. After changing the political face, it is necessary to change the economic face. We spent decades to change the political face, to change the economic face, to change it roughly, to be different from the past, it will also take decades. Just like we didn't know how to do class struggle in the past, who knows how to do class struggle? No one knows, for example, I don't know, I was a primary school teacher, I didn't even think about joining the Communist Party, I believed in the set of things that capitalists promoted to us, I went to a bourgeois school, I believed in that set of things, later, I was probably forced to go to Liangshan. What about you? Did you decide long ago that your mother gave birth to you and you would be a Communist? Is that right? The task assigned is to be a Communist, my mother didn't assign this task to me, so it was learned, wasn't it? What land reform, I didn't know how to do it either, I didn't know how to do anything, I didn't know how to fight either, I fought many defeats, went through many changes, and as experience increased, we learned, we were good at doing class struggle. Isn't that right? After many failures, now we are going to do construction for decades, can we pay less of a price than we paid when we learned class struggle? Because we paid a very big price, there were several revolutionary failures, the 1927 revolution failed, the southern base areas before the Long March were all lost, the White areas, there wasn't much work either, that was because of "Left" - the failure of 1927 was because of Right. Class struggle was Right, and later it was because of "Left" - we learned from these two things. So Chen Duxiu, Wang Ming (Chen Duxiu went to the enemy's side, and later this person died. Wang Ming has not gone to the enemy's side) in any case, such people have given us great benefits. Not the individual people, but the movement they led, failed at one time. This gave the entire Party a great education, and gave the people of the whole country a great education, so the price was very high. Now, will our construction also pay such a big price? Like the former leaders of Hungary, their class struggle also failed. Their construction work also failed, because of a disturbance - a disturbance in October last year, I said it was a very good disturbance, some people were very unhappy about this Hungary, I was very happy. Bad things are good things. Is it better for Hungary to have a disturbance or not? It doesn't matter whether there is a disturbance or not, in short, if there is going to be a disturbance, then there will be a disturbance, a boil always has to burst, I think we can strive for it, because we once learned class struggle and had to pay a great price to learn it, so now if we don't engage in right-leaning opportunism. Why did we pay such a big price? Wasn't it because we suffered from left-leaning opportunism, suffered from dogmatism, left-leaning opportunism, if we don't repeat the previous mistakes now, when we are building, then we can pay less of a price, we can avoid things like Hungary.

Now let's think carefully, we really need to think about it, there is such a situation, the end of class struggle, such a thing. In the past, when class struggle was at its peak, such as socialist transformation, suppressing counter-revolutionaries, at its peak, our shortcomings were not very visible to people, our shortcomings, we still understood, in construction, science, running schools, people want to forgive these things, people are more forgiving of us. Now that the play is not being performed, [illegible], is there any? That is suppressing counter-revolutionaries, his plays are not many, there are still some, there are officers and military cadres here, if there are no plays to perform, what do we need them for? Of course, there are still plays to perform, but they are not being performed now, so raising soldiers for a thousand days, now we haven't heard the sound of cannons, so many problems in society have been exposed, this problem exists, because the gongs and drums, the gongs and drums of class struggle, were very lively, since the first half of last year the gongs and drums were loud, and after the "Eighth National Congress" made a conclusion, then this thing floated to the top, and was put on the agenda, put on the agenda of our Party, people are even more demanding of us, {What is the Communist Party doing, we say: "Comrade, I also have a set of skills called class struggle! Haha! Don't always look down on us! I have also been doing it for decades!"} But it is not so good if we always say this, because people, acknowledge this point of yours. He says you are good at politics, good at military affairs, you have been doing it for decades, you have worked hard, that is no problem, our names are on the merit book, but, comrades, how do you teach in universities now, how do you perform surgery in hospitals, I haven't learned it, what about middle schools? How do you solve scientific problems, atomic physics, what things, engineers, design, construction, installation, operation, we don't know how to do this whole set of things, we are just starting to learn, the change in this situation, it will take some time, probably three five-year plans, at least fifteen years, before there will be a change, a bigger change, the time will be a little longer, because this thing needs to be learned, it takes time, so can we learn it, I think we can definitely learn it, there is no trick, natural science, surgery, if you haven't learned it, you can't perform it, if I go to perform surgery, it will be like a crosstalk about performing surgery, I will definitely be that kind of doctor. But as long as you learn, you can learn it. Are there people learning now? There are people learning now, we also have to send people to learn. For example, the current university students, the current Communist Party members, Communist Youth League members, they are learning, in fifteen years, they will be university professors, they will be engineers, maybe not fifteen years, when they graduate in fifteen years, there are also existing scientists, engineers, university professors, some middle school teachers, they are willing to join the Communist Party, and if the conditions are suitable, they can also be accepted into the Communist Party. So in another three five-year plans, we can learn it. Which is easier to learn, class struggle? I think this thing is easier to learn. It's always easier than fighting, than suppressing counter-revolutionaries, like suppressing counter-revolutionaries, you can't even see them, you say there aren't any, but there are, you say there are, but they haven't written their names as counter-revolutionaries. Fighting the Americans in the Korean War, there wasn't much certainty, such a big pile of Americans, we took such a finger to fight them. I think it's still that after graduating from middle school, going to university for five years and then working for five to ten years, you can be a university professor, you can be an engineer or engineering technician, you can also perform surgery. So some people can't see these changes, probably the Communist Party will never learn it. I think we can learn it, and now our task is to learn it. So who is the teacher? The teacher is the current non-Party democratic personages. They are our teachers, we have to learn something from them, as long as our attitude is good, we don't put on official airs, we don't put on that old man's airs of how many years, where were you during the revolution? We don't put on this set of things, we put this set of things away, because putting on that set of things is meaningless, what decades, that is for historians to write. Every day we meet and finish talking in two sentences, I have been revolutionizing for decades, in addition, there is nothing else, it is the same as not doing anything, because that thing is over, that thing is basically over, the problem of class struggle. Let's talk about science now, what are your strengths, I will learn from you. Do I understand? I don't understand anything. First admit that you don't understand anything. Then what did you do in the past? That is because I was doing class struggle in the past, I was a little busy. Answering like this is okay, that is, I lost out on education when I was young! I lost out on education when I was young, so I don't understand. Can you teach me now? Some teachers are not so happy about it. But as long as we ask for advice properly, they will teach us. I said that in the past, when you worshiped a master, you had to burn incense, and kowtow three times, is there still that in Tianjin now? Probably there is still, right? Still kowtowing? (Huang Huoqing: No kowtowing.) No kowtowing, (Huang Huoqing: Signing a master-apprentice contract.) Signing a master-apprentice contract. Now the disaster of kowtowing is avoided, I said if we have to, what should we do? Do we have to have that rule? We have to kowtow three times before they teach us, do we kowtow or not? A problem arises at this time, I said we should kowtow three times. You want to learn skills, that is his rule is that you have to kowtow, you can not kowtow now, but you have to learn from him sincerely, you have to respect the master, you have to respect him, you have to study hard, this is equivalent to kowtowing. This spirit is still needed. Now there is a kind of atmosphere in our Party that is not very good, that is, our minds are still filled with the past decades, a new atmosphere has not been formed, if there is nothing to do, are you playing mahjong or playing cards here? Or watching plays, or dancing, anyway, there is nothing to do, we have not developed the habit of reading books. We have not put our remaining energy into learning. This is generally speaking. As for in schools, in factories, in scientific research institutions, in hospitals, our staff, whoever can learn, you can learn a part of it, understand the content. If you don't understand anything, and you want to do leadership work there, it's no wonder people say we are not capable. If you don't understand anything, you learn, and you want to put on that set of airs, that's not good, you should learn. Let a hundred flowers bloom, this kind of policy is particularly significant in such a period in terms of art. Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred schools of thought contend, this is competition. What if bad things come out? There are many bad things now, there are many strange opinions. I say it doesn't matter, just criticize these strange opinions. People are very afraid that the flowers that bloom will not be good-looking, that this flower is poisonous. Let a hundred schools of thought contend, saying that the Communist Party is only one school, and the other ninety-odd schools surround me. Of course, that is not what it means. In social science, in the issue of worldview, it is not a hundred schools of thought contending. It is two schools of thought contending. The proletariat is one school, and the bourgeoisie is one school, these hundred schools can be divided into two schools according to their nature. In the world today, the proletariat is one school, and the bourgeoisie is one school, proletarian thought, bourgeois thought, the ideological struggle of these two schools. In the field of social science, does the petty bourgeoisie count as one school? Of course, it can also be counted as one school. But the petty bourgeoisie is basically the same as the bourgeoisie, it belongs to the category of the bourgeoisie. Is there contention within the Communist Party? In fact, there is, historically the Second International was one school, with Marxism on its head, but in reality it was revisionism, and there is still revisionism now - Yugoslavia, do we have it in our country? We also have such people in our country, these people can be called right-leaning opportunists, in China, there is no need to say that we have a revisionist faction, we don't have it now. But we had it in the past, Chen Duxiu was. Chen Duxiu was a revisionist right-leaning opportunist; later, during the Wang Ming period, the second Wang Ming line was wrong, do comrades know? The second time, that is, in the early days of the war against Japan, the early days of the war of resistance against Japan, that was revisionism. Now Zhong Dianfei has written an article, hasn't he? On the issue of film, negating everything, regarding the achievements of the past. In addition, some comrades affirm everything, and cannot see shortcomings and mistakes, people cannot criticize the shortcomings and mistakes in our work, who are these people? They are Chen Qitong and Ma Hanbing, there was an article in the January 7th "People's Daily," Chen Qitong and Ma Hanbing, I say these comrades are well-intentioned, loyal, and pursue justice, they are protecting the Party, seeing the gongs and drums outside opposing us, they automatically go out to fight without orders, these people who automatically go out to fight, they have a spirit, they hate those things they can't stand, we should admit that this point of theirs is good, but their policies and methods are wrong. Do you have such things in Tianjin, you can look for them. "Left" and right, affirming everything and negating everything, these are two kinds of one-sidedness, affirming all of our work without analysis, this thing is not right, the dogmatists of the past were like this, Rakosi was like this, Stalin was like this, Stalin, can we say that he was completely a dogmatist? We can't say that either. This person, he did many things, but he had dogmatism, his dogmatism influenced China, causing our revolution to fail for a period of time, if we did it according to him, the later revolution would not have succeeded either, we would not be meeting here now, who built this house, it wasn't built by us either, we wouldn't have this opportunity, because this is still the rule of the Kuomintang imperialists. He has both aspects, he also has dogmatism. Copying the Soviet Union in everything, we must learn from the Soviet Union, the things of the Soviet Union are very worthy of our learning, both the mistakes and the achievements, the slogan we are putting forward now is to learn from the advanced experience of the Soviet Union, we have not said that we should learn from his backward experience, when did we put forward such a slogan? But although we haven't said it, some things have been copied over, in the last seven years, but generally speaking, we are not completely unselective, that is hard copying, because we have criticized dogmatism, and the source of dogmatism comes from Stalin.

Regarding the various different opinions in society, the various things that have emerged because the class struggle is basically over, the various dissatisfactions, dissatisfaction with the Communist Party, saying that we are not capable, this is what I just said, we should admit that we are not capable if we are not capable. Saying that we cannot lead science, in terms of specific business, we cannot lead; in terms of the progress of the entire science, we can lead, that is, lead with politics! Lead them with the national plan, so we have the task of learning, regarding these wrong opinions, there are many wrong opinions in society, what policy should we adopt, we should adopt the policy of "Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred schools of thought contend," to solve it in discussion, in debate. Which is right and which is wrong, we only have this one method, other methods are not needed, and now there is a kind of emotion in our Party, that is, remembering to continue the past method, or called military law, you don't listen, then we will apply military law, pull you out and simply chop you. (Apply military law. Because we are used to this simple method) [illegible] method (referring to suppressing counter-revolutionaries) this method is not good, this is to deal with class enemies, to deal with class enemies, to deal with those people who have blood debts or something, just pull them out and chop them, apply military law. Because we are used to this method, we are used to it. We have been doing it for decades, in class struggle, in fact, it is not so simple, there are many delicate methods, but because we are dealing with the enemy, we have a lot of energy, now, we are not dealing with the enemy, but dealing with the problems within the people, democratic parties, non-party democratic personages, national capitalists, so many people, university professors, doctors, this simple method is not good. This is another set of things. We have to go through learning, they are right, like science, technology, these things, then we only have one way out, that is to learn from them, and learning is completely learnable. In ten to fifteen years, we can learn it, not only lead them politically, but also lead them technically. As for various different opinions, divide them into two categories, one category is scientific, whether we understand it or not, we don't understand it now, we will understand it in the future, it is also this policy, we cannot "apply military law," the [illegible] method is not good. We can only adopt the policy of "Let a hundred schools of thought contend." Everyone discusses, one science can have several schools, to contend, and later the truth will be obtained, the problems of social science are also like this, all that belongs to science, is to use the method of debate, rather than the method of straightening out if we don't like it, and to transform such a situation, we need to go through the process of persuasion. These opinions are not scary at all, what is there to be afraid of, what about Hu Feng, wasn't Hu Feng arrested? That was because he was engaged in a secret small organization domestically, Hu Feng is still alive, and one day he will be released, he has been in prison for a period of time, his mistakes, his crimes are full. But, Hu Feng's thoughts have not died, in society, Hu Feng's thoughts live in many people, this is bourgeois thought. All issues of science, issues of thought, issues of spirit, such as religion, Marxism-Leninism, bourgeois worldview or proletarian worldview, issues of art, these things cannot be used with crude methods. Two methods, one is called suppression, one is called persuasion, choose one of these two methods, should we adopt the method of suppression? Or should we adopt the method of persuasion? Now some of our comrades, can't wait, want to suppress it, if you suppress it, they won't be convinced, people who are not convinced by suppression, will only suppress the problem and put us in an unfavorable position, and then come up with a bill saying that the Communist Party made a mistake. You fought the Americans across the 38th parallel, it was right for you to use the method of suppression, it is right for you to use the method of suppression against counter-revolutionaries. You used the method of suppression against the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek, the landlord class, why do you use the method of suppression to deal with science? If we use the method of suppression, we have no reason, we cannot stand, we will lose, so we should adopt the method of persuasion. But we don't know how to persuade, what should we do? The problem is then we learn. We have a saying in the South called a beggar beating a dog, you call a beggar a beggar, his beating a dog is a special skill, "a beggar beating a dog, practicing a skill," we have such a saying in the countryside. Now we don't understand, we don't know how to deal with it, we don't know how to reason, we have to learn how to reason, we have to learn how to write argumentative articles, learn how to make argumentative reports. I am just a rush. A comrade once told me: "I don't like so much reasoning, I just can't get used to it, I am just a rush." He said he was just a rush, I said you can't solve the problem with a rush, you still can't solve the problem with three rushes and two rushes. We have to analyze, we have to study, and write articles that are persuasive. As for various wrong opinions being published in newspapers and magazines, holding forums, commenting, will it mess up our world, will it overthrow the people's government? I say absolutely not, because they are not counter-revolutionaries, they are not spies, they are willing to cooperate with us, most of them, that is, a very small number of people hate us, they are not spies either, but they hate us. Many people still don't believe in the Marxist worldview, they have learned a little, but in reality they don't believe it, and then there are some people who believe some, but not completely, this includes Communist Party members, some of our Party comrades, but they have not completely learned Marxism, they still don't understand, you see there are people with two kinds of one-sidedness, dogmatic, affirming everything, others can't say bad things, we have shortcomings, we don't allow people to say a word; there are also other kinds of people, everything is bad, negating everything. These two kinds of one-sidedness, these two kinds of metaphysics, can be seen to exist.

Now we are publishing "Reference News," have the comrades here seen this thing, not so many, right, there are. People will say this thing, the Communist Party, the people's government is fulfilling its obligations to imperialism, without asking for a penny, publishing a newspaper for him to scold himself, the Communist Party is publishing a newspaper for imperialism to scold the Communist Party without any cost, is that right? It looks like that. I read it every day, many things are scolding us, now we want to expand the circulation by 300,000 copies, maybe a million people will read it, it is distributed to the county level, what level is it in the city? To train us, both inside and outside the Party should be trained, we should see the world, be trained to know a little about the things in the world, how the enemy scolds us, what is going on in the enemy's house. Saying it will be chaotic, it won't be chaotic. This is locking us in a house, sealing our eyes, sealing our ears, that is very dangerous, so some people say that expanding the circulation of "Reference News" will make the reactionary arrogance rampant, so that comrade (this is what your municipal party committee Huang Huoqing told me), hopes that every international news item will be added with an editor's note, that would be troublesome! Comrades! Add an editor's note to everything? We are just asking people to think for themselves, to hold forums, there may be many strange opinions coming out, I think the more strange opinions the better, that is, don't lock yourself up, Marxism, was created and developed by fighting against his hostile forces, and it still needs to be developed now, for example, if we don't develop when we do things in China, then we will not do things well. The principles of Marxism, when implemented in China, must have Chinese characteristics, and must be solved according to the specific situation. We have no confidence in letting a hundred schools of thought contend, we are afraid of poison coming out from letting a hundred flowers bloom. I don't think it's like that at all. If we adopt the method of suppression, and don't let a hundred schools of thought contend and a hundred flowers bloom, then it will make our nation not lively, simplified, unreasonable, and make our Party not study reasoning, and not learn to reason. As for can Marxism be criticized? Can the people's government be criticized? Can the Communist Party be criticized? Can old cadres be criticized? I say nothing can be criticized, as long as anyone wants to criticize. Who is afraid of criticism? It is a party like Chiang Kai-shek, fascism like Chiang Kai-shek. We are Marxist-Leninists, they are the Kuomintang, we are the Communist Party. Chiang Kai-shek's "old cadres," they are also "old cadres," those "old cadres" cannot be criticized, because their feet are not stable, we have a lot of capital. Don't put this on display here, putting on display for decades, when we are working, don't hang it on our faces every day, saying that I have been working for decades, but the people still know. Old cadres are so easy to criticize, they will be criticized and fall down, will they fall down with a breath? You are all old cadres, are there any new cadres? Probably there are! Now we are only talking about old cadres, I don't think they can be blown down, ordinary wind; unless it is a level 12 typhoon, a level 12 typhoon can blow down trees, blow down houses, but I don't think it can blow down old cadres. A level 13 typhoon wants to blow down the Communist Party, the people's government, Marxism, old cadres can't do it, new cadres can't do it either, as long as he is correct. As for if you have mistakes, you need a little wind to blow, you need a little wind to blow. This house doesn't have a fan? This is because it's winter! In the summer, we have to get some fans, probably people will have some problems in the summer. We use washing our face as an analogy, do you wash your face once every three days or once a day? No one studies this kind of thing, no one studies why people wash their face once a day, some even wash it twice a day, this is because there is dust! Since this skin is not only a boundary with the outside world - the "38th parallel," it