I am not ordering you to do anything, I am only giving you suggestions, whether you adopt them or not is your
business, do not misunderstand.
The visiting delegation's tour is very beneficial, everyone should exchange experiences with each other. Tibet is a
remarkable place, occupying one-eighth of the country's area. I have told the Dalai that you should not think
Tibet is backward and the place is small; the place of Tibet is not small at all. If Tibet does not participate in the great
family of the motherland, the affairs of this family will be difficult to manage. Tibet occupies a very important
position in the great family of the motherland.
Another point is the problem of backwardness. In terms of economy and culture, the Tibetan nationality is backward, and the Han nationality
is also backward, more backward than the United States, Britain, France, the Soviet Union, Poland, more backward than Czechoslovakia,
Romania, Bulgaria, East Germany, and also more backward than Japan. Do not think that only you are
backward. Our goal is to make everyone develop. We need to go through several
Five-Year Plans to overcome this state of backwardness. We support you, and you must also develop yourselves.
You should develop your population, develop your economy, and develop your culture. If the economy does not develop, the population cannot
develop either. When culture develops, it can help economic development. All of you present are intellectuals,
you have culture. Your common people are culturally backward, just like the Han peasants. In the
future, all peasants will be university graduates, all people will be university graduates, do you believe it or not?
For all people in the country to graduate from primary school will take seven or eight years to achieve; for all people in the country to graduate from junior middle school
will take thirty to forty years, you may be able to see it, some of us will no longer be here; to have
all people in the country graduate from university will take one hundred years. Are all Tibetans willing to graduate from university? This
can also be achieved. Tibet's primary schools still cannot catch up with the primary schools in the interior, but they can
catch up in the future. Tibet must also establish a university. As long as we work hard and make progress year by year, the
goal can be achieved.
After the People's Liberation Army entered Tibet, prices in Tibet rose, and the Tibetan people suffered some
losses. It will not do for it to always be like this in the future. When the People's Liberation Army goes to Tibet, it must do good things for the people, otherwise
what is the People's Liberation Army for? Building two highways is a good thing, but this has only prepared
favorable conditions for doing good things. Good things must be done by the locality of Tibet itself, we can help. You can
also have a set of things like a Five-Year Plan, or you can have a plan for one year. The standard is to raise the people's
standard of living. If the people's standard of living is not raised, it cannot be sustained.
For a national autonomous region to engage in construction, it must have its own national cadres, its own
scientists. The youth must study science, there are many sciences to study, things like electricity and machinery.
The place of Tibet is large, and there are many good things underground. There must be talents who can use machines, there must be
agricultural scientists, there must be geological scientists. It is the same for the Han people. Under the rule of the reactionaries,
China's science was not developed, but once we get started, it is quite fast. For example, at the time of the national liberation,
we only had over one hundred, less than two hundred, geological scientists. After six years of work, it has already developed
to several thousand people. Now the Qaidam Basin is being explored for oil, not far from the Qinghai-Tibet Highway,
you can go and have a look. Cultivating talent must be done slowly, it is not a matter of a few months or a few years. You
must have a plan to cultivate scientific cadres.
The interior of Tibet must become more united. Seeing you united makes me very happy. After you return
to Tibet, you should go to see the Dalai Lama more often, listen to his instructions, and increase your knowledge. It is not good for Tibet to have
two or three heads. We respect the important position of the Panchen, and we also respect the position of Qamdo. The
whole of Tibet must have one chairman, and it is good for that to be the Dalai. Have you figured this out? Do you
say we are partial to the Dalai? The Lhasa side is afraid we are partial to the Panchen. We have none of
this. Letting the Dalai Lama be the chairman, doing it this way is good, it is beneficial to unity.
Tibet has made great progress in these years. We must recognize this progress, and then develop step by step,
and there will be hope.

Commentary on Wang Dongxing's[1] Report on the Development of Agricultural Cooperativization in Some Rural Areas of Jiangxi
(February 13, 1956)