The issue discussed here is of universal significance. The middle peasants must be united, and it would be wrong not to unite with them. But whom should the working class and the Communist Party rely on in the countryside to unite with the middle peasants and carry out the socialist transformation of the entire countryside? Naturally, only the poor peasants. This was the case in the past when we struggled against the landlords and carried out land reform, and it is the same now when we are struggling against the rich peasants and other capitalist elements to carry out the socialist transformation of agriculture. In both revolutionary periods, the middle peasants were vacillating in the initial stages. Only when they clearly see the general trend and the approaching victory of the revolution will the middle peasants come over to the side of the revolution. The poor peasants must work on the middle peasants and win them over, so that the revolution will broaden from day to day until final victory. The management committees of the agricultural producers' cooperatives today, like the peasant associations of the past, must draw in the old lower-middle peasants and a number of old and new upper-middle peasants who are highly conscious and representative, but the number should not be too large, about one-third being appropriate. The poor peasants (including the present poor peasants and the new lower-middle peasants who were originally poor peasants) should account for about two-thirds of the committee membership. The principal leading cadres of the cooperatives should generally be drawn from among the poor peasants (once again, including the present poor peasants and all the new lower-middle peasants who were originally poor peasants), though old lower-middle peasants and a small number of old and new upper-middle peasants who are highly conscious, truly fair-minded and capable may also serve. We should not regard the situation in Fu'an County, Fukien Province, where the cooperatives led by poor peasants and those led by middle peasants show different attitudes toward the socialist cause, as an isolated phenomenon; it is of universal significance.