Annotations and Revisions to the Draft Resolution of the Central Committee on the Development of Agricultural Producers' Cooperatives [I]
(December 13 and 22, 1953)

Return to Comrade Chen Boda[2] and Comrade Shangkun[3].
Section (7)[4] has been well added, but it should be further elaborated. Some passages from previous resolutions may be cited.

The Draft Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Development of Agricultural Producers' Cooperatives was submitted to the Third Agricultural Mutual Aid and Cooperation Conference convened by the Central Committee from October 26 to November 5, 1953, for discussion and solicitation of opinions. On December 16, it was issued as an official resolution of the Central Committee and publicly published in the *People’s Daily* on January 9, 1954.

Items 1 and 4 of this document are annotations written by Mao Zedong during the drafting process and before the resolution’s publication. Among them: Item 1 was written on the third printed draft of the resolution (draft); Item 4 was written on Deng Zihui’s letter dated December 18, 1953, submitting the final revised draft of the resolution for Mao’s review. Items 2 and 3 are Mao Zedong’s revisions to the draft resolution. The text printed in Song typeface represents the words added or rewritten by Mao Zedong.

[2] Chen Boda, then Deputy Director of the Rural Work Department of the CPC Central Committee.
[3] Shangkun, namely Yang Shangkun, then Director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee.
[4] Refers to the seventh point added during the drafting of the resolution. Its main content is: In the movement to develop agricultural mutual aid and cooperation, it is necessary to continue earnestly paying attention to and implementing the directive pointed out in the Party Central Committee’s resolution on agricultural production mutual aid and cooperation: “We must wholeheartedly care for, assist, and patiently educate individual farmers.” Policies must be implemented to appropriately accommodate the productive enthusiasm of individual farmers, tap into their potential productive capacities, provide necessary loans and possible technical assistance, help them overcome difficulties they encounter, and prevent them from falling prey to exploitation by rich peasants, usurers, and speculative merchants.

Revise it well, then send it to Comrade Shangkun for printing and distribution to those comrades in the expanded group. It would be best if it could be distributed today, so they can prepare to propose revisions tomorrow (December 14).

Mao Zedong
Morning of December 13

II
The existing forms of agricultural producers' cooperatives can serve as a simple means to guide peasants in transitioning to higher-level, fully socialist agricultural producers' cooperatives (collective farms). In other words, this is a transitional form that naturally, without coercion, attracts peasants toward socialism. This form ensures that individual peasants and those who have joined mutual aid teams do not feel abruptness when they advance to higher-level, socialist agricultural economic organizations, but instead have prior spiritual and material preparation, thereby avoiding various losses caused by sudden elevation.

III
The Central Committee deems it necessary for Party committees at all levels to pay greater and better attention to the leadership of developing agricultural producers' cooperatives. Based on local specific conditions, they should prepare the conditions for gradual trial implementation and step-by-step promotion, continue to implement the policy of “only allow success, do not allow failure,” and thereby drive the entire mutual aid and cooperation movement forward. At present, Party committees in many regions are paying too little attention to this matter, and the state of lacking leadership or having no leadership must be changed.

Annotations and Revisions to the Draft Resolution of the Central Committee on the Development of Agricultural Producers' Cooperatives
IV
To be reviewed by Liu, Zhou, Chen, Zhu, and Xiaoping[1], and handed over to Comrade Deng Zihui[2] for handling.
Publish it in the newspaper, write an editorial[3], and simultaneously broadcast it.

Mao Zedong
December 22

[1] Liu refers to Liu Shaoqi. Zhou refers to Zhou Enlai. Chen refers to Chen Yun, then Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the Government Administration Council. Zhu refers to Zhu De. Xiaoping, namely Deng Xiaoping, then Vice Premier of the Government Administration Council.
[2] Deng Zihui, then Director of the Rural Work Department of the CPC Central Committee.
[3] When the *Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Development of Agricultural Producers' Cooperatives* was published in the *People’s Daily* on January 9, 1954, the *People’s Daily* published an editorial titled *Correctly Implement the Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Development of Agricultural Producers' Cooperatives*.