Central Instructions Accompanying An Ziwen’s Report〔1〕 on the Progress of the Rectification Campaign at the Central Organs During the Stage of Case Adjudication (June 30, 1952) To the Party Committees Directly Under the CPC Central Committee, to all Departments of the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, and to the Party Leadership Groups of the various ministries of the Central People’s Government; also to be communicated to all Central Bureaus:  (1) Approval is given to Comrade An Ziwen’s report of May 29〔2〕.  (2) This report is to be transmitted by land transport to all Central Bureaus for their reference and adaptation.  (3) It may be published in intra-party publications.  Issued by the CPC Central Committee on June 30, based on Mao Zedong’s handwritten draft.  Notes 〔〕 An Ziwen was at that time Deputy Minister of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and Second Secretary of the General Party Committee of the First-Rank Central Organs. 〔〕 Refers to An Ziwen’s comprehensive report dated May 29, 1952, addressed to Mao Zedong and the CPC Central Committee, concerning the situation and problems encountered during the adjudication phase of the Three-Anti Campaign in the first-rank central organs, as well as his views on the work for the next stage.  The report states that the central task of the adjudication phase does not lie in court trials, but rather in finalizing cases and recovering stolen assets—above all, in reaching firm conclusions. To achieve this, systematically summoning industrial and commercial operators under leadership guidance has proved to be an important method; through such summonses and cross-examination, a great deal of evidence and issues have been verified. The current campaign of widespread self-criticism regarding relationships with the bourgeoisie, conducted on the basis of the “tiger-hunting” drive, is more thorough and far-reaching than any previous rectification or cadre-verification movement. By means of these confessions, leading cadres have received profound ideological education, gained a clearer understanding of their economic and social ties, drawn a sharp line between the working class and the bourgeoisie, and acquired a solid grasp of the actual situation. The basic principle guiding the adjudication phase is to proceed from facts, ensuring neither wrongful convictions nor leniency. Only through meticulous investigation, careful deliberation, differentiated treatment, strict control, and full implementation of policy can victory be achieved.  The key to the next phase lies in strengthening ideological, organizational, and institutional foundations so as to fundamentally prevent the resurgence of corruption, waste, and bureaucratic practices. The primary requirement for ideological building is to clearly delineate the ideological boundary between the working class and the bourgeoisie. Organizational reform entails a general reorganization along the lines of streamlining institutions and enhancing efficiency. As for institutional development, the focus should be on establishing and improving various systems—such as those governing finance and infrastructure—based on the problems revealed during the Three-Anti Campaign; the central link in this effort is the establishment and consolidation of democratic institutions.