Commentary on the Discovery of a Large Number of Insects, Etc., in the Suburbs of Fushun〔1〕 (March 4, 1952) Premier Zhou: Please arrange for the administration of prophylactic vaccines to all military and civilian personnel in Liaodong and Liaoxi Provinces. Preparation should also be made in Eastern Hebei, Central Hebei, and the Beijing–Tianjin area. Kindly inform me whether there are sufficient quantities of these vaccines available. Mao Zedong March 4 Based on the manuscript. Notes 〔1〕 This commentary was written on Document No. 15, “A Large Number of Insects Discovered in the Suburbs of Fushun,” dated March 3 in Shenyang. The document states: At 5 p.m. on March 2, the Health Department of the Northeast Military Region received a report from the First Public Security Division stating that a large number of insects had been found at the division’s garrison in Beidagou, seventy li south of Fushun. Inspection personnel were immediately dispatched to the scene to collect specimens. Investigations revealed large populations of flies, spiders, fleas, as well as an unidentified small black insect, all distributed in clusters. According to the head of the department’s epidemic prevention office, U.S. forces in Korea have used two methods to disseminate bacteriological agents—bombs and paper bags. The flies, spiders, and other insects discovered in Fushun may have been spread by the latter method. The Northeast Military Region Health Department has already sent a thirty-member epidemic prevention team, working with local authorities to form an epidemic control committee to carry out indoor disinfection and to seal off the area south of Fushun.

Commentary on Bo Yibo’s Report on Preparations for the Five-Anti Campaign in Shanghai〔1〕 (March 5, 1952) 1. This document〔2〕 is hereby forwarded to all Central Bureaus for transmission to the municipal party committees of various cities as reference material. Whenever the Five-Anti Campaign is launched in any city, it is essential first to analyze the situation, formulate a strategy, organize the workers, mobilize cadres (in work teams), establish command organs, and draw up a comprehensive plan before the campaign can truly get underway. Moreover, the plan must be continuously revised in the course of the struggle; blind, haphazard action must be strictly avoided. Municipal party committees should provide daily guidance to the districts and conduct experience reviews every few days. Branch committees of the central bureaus at provincial and municipal levels should discuss local Five-Anti work once every few days, never contenting themselves with issuing merely one or two general policy directives. Mao Zedong, March 5 2. Classification into five categories—law-abiding, basically law-abiding, half-law-abiding/half-violating, seriously violating, and completely violating—should be carried out in accordance with the new standards set by the Central Committee. — Note by Mao〔3〕

3. The slogan “fight against profiteering” should not be put forward. — Note by Mao〔4〕 4. These two items should be combated and can be grouped under the category of “fighting against the theft of state property.” — Note by Mao〔〕 5. Large cities differ from medium-sized ones; districts must serve as the units for the Five-Anti Campaign, while the city provides unified leadership over the districts. — Note by Mao〔〕 6. Strict control is extremely necessary. In some cities, lax control has led to disorder. — Note by Mao〔7〕 Printed according to the manuscript. Notes 〔1〕 Bo Yibo, then Director of the Central People’s Government Savings Inspection Commission, was dispatched by the Central Committee to assist with the Three-Anti and Five-Anti campaigns in Shanghai. 〔〕 Refers to Bo Yibo’s report dated March 3, 1952, concerning preparations for the Five-Anti Campaign in Shanghai and its deployment to Mao Zedong and the Central Committee. The report stated that Shanghai’s Three-Anti Campaign was expected to be completed on schedule. Regarding the Five-Anti Campaign, preliminary discussions had been held with members of the municipal party committee over the past two or three days, resulting in the following arrangements: (1) There are a total of 163,000 industrial and commercial households in Shanghai. Law-abiding households account for 35 percent of the total, half-law-abiding/half-violating households for 60 percent, and seriously violating and completely violating households for the remaining 5 percent. (2) Shanghai’s upper-class capitalists—including chairpersons of trade associations and heads of district federations of industry and commerce and above—number more than five hundred persons. Based on specific circumstances, they have been divided into three main categories: those to be protected, those to receive general protection, and those to be resolutely suppressed, and opinions from all sides are currently being solicited. (3) The scope of the Five-Anti Campaign must be clearly defined. Some people still have a rather confused understanding of what the Five-Anti entails; some view it simply as a fight against profiteering, others as a struggle against foreign-exchange evasion, concealment of enemy assets, or even actions dating back many years, while yet others seem to regard it as a blanket campaign against everything. (4) With respect to materials preparation, dedicated personnel have been assigned to collate reports from the masses and confessions made by capitalists. (5) Teams or combat groups for the Five-Anti Campaign are being organized and trained to serve as the core force at the outset of the campaign. (6) Leadership of the Five-Anti Movement is planned to be structured around the district level, strengthening the leading role of the district committees. The municipal party committee will centrally monitor the progress of the campaign, ensure consistent policy implementation, and maintain uniform pace. (7) Before the start of the Five-Anti Campaign, materials for several major cases should be thoroughly prepared so that they can be brought to light during the campaign, paving the way for a complete victory. (8) Leadership must be reinforced, discipline tightened, and control strictly maintained. 〔3〕 In the aforementioned report, Bo Yibo stated that Shanghai, based on the extent and scale of its economic ties with state departments, the degree of its impact on national economy and people’s livelihoods, and its influence among the bourgeoisie, had ranked all capitalists in the city into four categories: law-abiding, half-law-abiding/half-violating, seriously violating, and completely violating. It was beneath this passage that Mao Zedong wrote his comment. 〔4〕 Mao Zedong’s comment was penned after Bo Yibo noted in his report that some people still had a very confused understanding of the Five-Anti Campaign, “with some seeing it merely as a fight against profiteering.”

〔〕 Mao Zedong’s comment was written following Bo Yibo’s remark in the same report that “some view it as a struggle against foreign-exchange evasion and concealment of enemy assets.” 〔〕 Mao Zedong’s comment was penned after Bo Yibo mentioned in his report the issue of leadership for the Five-Anti Movement, stating: “The Shanghai area is too vast, with a population of six million and twenty-one district committees; it is practically impossible to concentrate all authority in the municipal party committee.” 〔7〕 Mao Zedong’s comment was written beneath Bo Yibo’s statement that the Five-Anti Movement should “strengthen leadership, enforce discipline, and maintain strict control.”