1i2 Bai Yi Jiu Si Ba•Wu Er Yi Wu It is imperative to pay close attention to the season. We must make full use of the entire autumn and winter this year—seven months from September of this year to March of next year—to carry out, in sequence, within the areas designated by each Central Bureau and its branches: (A) An assessment of the rural situation; (B) The initial reorganization of Party organizations in accordance with correct policy. Work teams or task forces dispatched from higher levels to the countryside must first unite all active and relatively reliable members within the local Party branches to jointly lead the land reform effort; (C) The establishment, reorganization, or strengthening of Poor Peasants’ Groups and Peasants’ Associations, and the launching of the land reform struggle; (D) The classification of class components according to proper standards; (E) The distribution of feudal land and property following correct policy. The final outcome of the distribution must be perceived as just and reasonable by all major social strata, including landlords, who should feel that they have a viable and secure livelihood; (F) The formation of people’s representative assemblies at the township (village), county, and district levels.  Central Committee Instructions on Land Reform and Party Rectification Work in 1948—143–144 After completing land reform, issue land certificates to confirm ownership rights; (H) Adjust or revise the standards for agricultural tax (public grain) burdens. These standards must adhere to the principle of balancing public and private interests: on the one hand, supporting the war effort, and on the other, encouraging farmers to restore and develop production, thereby improving their living standards; (I) Complete the reorganization of Party branch organizations in accordance with correct policy; (J) Shift the focus of work from land reform to uniting all working people in the countryside and organizing the labor force of landlords and rich peasants to strive together for the restoration and development of agricultural production. Begin establishing small-scale mutual aid teams and other cooperative organizations based on the principles of voluntary participation and equal exchange; prepare seeds, fertilizers, and fuel; draw up production plans; disburse necessary and feasible agricultural loans (primarily for means of production, with strict repayment terms, clearly distinct from relief grants); and, where feasible, formulate projects for water conservancy improvements. The above constitutes the complete process from land reform to production, and all comrades directly engaged in land reform work must fully understand it to avoid one-sided approaches and ensure that all these tasks are completed during the autumn and winter months. To achieve this goal, over the three-month period from June to August this year, the following must be accomplished: (A) Define the scope of land reform work. This scope must be delineated under the following three conditions: First, all enemy armed forces in the area must have been completely eliminated, and the environment must be stable rather than an unstable guerrilla zone. Second, the basic majority of the population—namely, poor and middle peasants, as well as loyal Party members—must already possess a substantial amount of land, with clear understanding and control over its distribution, rather than allowing only a small minority to undertake the work while leaving the rest to spontaneous mass action. If any region fails to meet even one of these three conditions, it should not be included in the current year’s land reform plan. Whether it will be included next year will depend on future circumstances. In such areas, we should fully draw upon our experience from the War of Resistance Against Japan, implementing policies of rent and interest reduction, prudent allocation of seeds and food supplies, and sound fiscal policies to balance social burdens. This will enable us to unite or remain neutral with all possible social forces, assisting the People’s Liberation Army in eliminating all Kuomintang armed forces and suppressing the most reactionary political thugs. In these regions, neither land nor surplus property should be distributed, as doing so under the conditions prevailing in new and frontline areas would hinder our fundamental task of uniting and neutralizing all social forces to defeat the Kuomintang counter-revolutionary forces. (B) Hold cadre meetings. For both land reform and Party rectification cadre meetings, it is essential to thoroughly explain all correct policies pertaining to land reform and Party reorganization, clearly distinguishing between what is permitted and what is prohibited. All important documents issued by the central authorities must be assigned to every cadre involved in land reform and Party rectification work for careful study and complete comprehension, with strict instructions to adhere to them without unauthorized modification. Should there be provisions unsuitable for local conditions, suggestions for amendment may and should be submitted. Central Committee Instructions on Land Reform and Party Rectification Work in 1948—145 However, any amendments must first obtain central approval before implementation. This year’s cadre meetings at all levels must be preceded by thorough and appropriate preparation by local senior leadership organs—namely, preliminary consultations among a small group (with one person taking primary responsibility), identifying and analyzing key issues, drafting a formal agenda, carefully considering its content and wording (emphasizing brevity and avoiding rambling discourse), and then presenting it to the cadre meeting for discussion. The ensuing deliberations should incorporate feedback, leading to refined and finalized conclusions. Such documents should be communicated to the entire Party and, whenever possible, publicly published in newspapers. We must reject the empiricist approach—arriving unprepared, failing to raise issues or analyze problems, and offering no carefully prepared report with well-considered content and language, instead allowing attendees to engage in aimless, chaotic debate that prolongs the meeting without yielding clear, comprehensive conclusions. When this harmful empiricist method appears in the leadership work of various Central Bureaus, Branch Bureaus, District Committees, and Provincial Committees, it must be consciously corrected. Policy discussion meetings should not be overly large; with adequate prior preparation, the duration can be shortened. Depending on the situation, a gathering of ten to twenty individuals or forty to fifty might be appropriate for about a week. Meetings focused on conveying policy, however, may accommodate more participants, though still without excessive length. Only high- and mid-level Party rectification meetings may involve larger numbers and longer durations. (C) By the first half of September, and at the latest by the second half, all cadres directly engaged in land reform work must arrive in the countryside and commence operations; otherwise, they will fail to utilize the full autumn and winter period to complete both land reform and Party rectification efforts and to prepare for spring planting. During cadre meetings and throughout their work, cadres must be trained to analyze specific local conditions, basing their decisions on the unique historical context and circumstances of each region to determine the appropriate tasks and methods for that particular time and place. It is crucial to distinguish between urban and rural settings and to differentiate between old liberated areas, semi-liberated zones, and newly liberated regions; otherwise, mistakes are likely to occur. In areas where the feudal system has been fundamentally dismantled and poor tenant farmers have already received land roughly equivalent to the average, despite some variation in individual holdings (which is permissible), the land question is considered resolved, and further land reform should not be pursued. The primary task in such areas is to restore and develop production, complete Party rectification, and support the front lines. In certain villages within these regions, if there remains land awaiting distribution or adjustment, or if class classifications require revision, or if land certificates have yet to be issued, these matters should naturally be addressed according to actual conditions. Central Committee Instructions on Land Reform and Party Rectification Work in 1948—147 In all liberated areas—whether those that have already completed land reform or those that have not—the central authorities must guide farmers this autumn to sow wheat fields and carry out part of the autumn plowing. During the winter, farmers should be encouraged to accumulate fertilizer. All of these measures are of great importance to agricultural production and harvests in 1949 and must be implemented through administrative means in conjunction with mass mobilization. We must resolutely overcome the widespread state of indiscipline or lawlessness—namely, the unauthorized modification of central or higher-level policies and strategies, the execution of extremely detrimental policies and strategies that contradict the unified will and discipline of the Party, and the erroneous practice of acting independently under the pretext of being too busy, without seeking prior approval or reporting afterward, treating one’s own jurisdiction as if it were an independent state. Such behavior inflicts immense damage on the revolutionary cause. Party committees at all levels must repeatedly discuss this issue and earnestly combat this indiscipline and lawlessness, concentrating all possible and necessary powers within the central leadership bodies and their representative organs: the Central Committee, Central Bureaus (Branches), District Committees (Provincial Committees), County Committees, Township Committees, and even down to the grassroots Party branches. Five individuals: five individuals should make full use of radio, wired communications, telephone, postal services, and personal couriers to hold small meetings.
Several counties several counties s s
Five individuals ] Five individuals (for example, four or five people), regional meetings (such as several counties), and individual talks—these are all methods of communication, small in scale.
Master in order to master 7
Allow to ] Place in oversight groups (for example, three to five people) and employ the inspection methods of individual authoritative committee members, while simultaneously making full use of the unified land reform movement and—
Work ] Enterprises, cooperatives, and newspapers should maintain close contact with each other, closely monitor developments in the movement, promptly exchange intelligence, and share experiences.
Recall important leading organs | Regarding leadership itself . 1 .
It is crucial to promptly correct errors and build upon successes. We should not wait for several months, half a year, or even longer, for lower-level units to submit summary reports to higher-ups, which in turn issue general directives to those lower levels. Such reports and instructions often become outdated, lose their effectiveness, or are significantly diminished. By then, mistakes have already accumulated, it is too late to rectify them, and the losses are substantial.

What the entire Party urgently needs are timely, vivid, and concrete reports and directives.

LN
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Urban and rural work, as well as industrial production tasks and agricultural production tasks, must be placed in their proper positions within the leadership responsibilities of each Central Bureau, Branch Bureau, District Committee, Provincial Committee, County Committee, and Township/City Committee. That is to say, we must not neglect or relax our leadership over urban affairs and industrial production simply because we are leading land reform and agricultural production efforts. We now have numerous large, medium, and small cities, along with extensive industrial, mining, and transportation sectors. If our key leadership organs ignore or loosen their grip on this aspect of our work, we will inevitably make serious mistakes.
Current Situation and Our Tasks Xinhua Bookstore, 1949.6 Central Committee Instructions on Land Reform and Party Rectification Work in 1948—14 Li
One Five Female Masses (Hong Kong), Volume II, Issue I, One Four Entered, Six, Three From a Speech at an Advanced Cadre Meeting New Democracy Press (Hong Kong, 1948.6 A Collection of Important Documents of the Chinese Communist Party Since 1947 New Democracy Press (Hong Kong, 1949, Two From the Fifth Volume of Reference Materials on the History of the Chinese Communist Party