1941.171 Chiang Kai-shek is anxious to effect a turnaround, apparently due to recent developments in the international situation. (11) Matsuoka’s trip to the West aims to conclude two treaties: one between Japan and Germany, and another between Japan and the Soviet Union. If both treaties are signed, a major war will break out. Britain and the United States seek to prevent the Japan–Soviet treaty and have instructed Chiang to adopt a more conciliatory stance toward the Chinese Communist Party. Chiang himself greatly fears closer Japanese–Soviet relations and appears to be inclined to seek our assistance. Meanwhile, Japan is exploiting the deterioration of Sino–Communist relations and hopes that the Soviet Union will help it bring Chiang under control. () If Japan and the Soviet Union sign only an economic agreement without a political one, Chiang may be willing to accept our proposed temporary measures in their entirety. However, should they conclude a political treaty, Sino–Communist and Sino–Soviet relations could both deteriorate temporarily. Briefly.) o().