Comrades, I am reporting to the enlarged Sixth Plenary Session on behalf of the Central Political Bureau. What am I going to talk about? I will divide what I want to say into the following parts: (1) From the Fifth Plenary Session to the Sixth Plenary Session; (2) Summary of the Fifteen Months of the War of Resistance; (3) The New Stage of the Anti-Japanese National War and the Anti-Japanese National United Front; (4) The Current Urgent Tasks of the Entire Nation; (5) Long-Term War and Long-Term Cooperation; (6) China's Anti-Aggression War and the World Anti-Fascist Movement; (7) The Position of the Chinese Communist Party in the National War; (8) The Seventh National Congress of the Party. These are the issues I want to talk about.

Comrades, in an environment where the whole country is engulfed in the flames of war and the world is facing an imminent war crisis, what work should we do in convening our enlarged Sixth Plenary Session? What is our purpose? We must unite forever with all patriotic parties and all patriotic compatriots in China, overcome new difficulties, mobilize new forces, stop the enemy's offensive at present, implement our counter-offensive in the future, and achieve the goal of expelling Japanese imperialism and establishing a Republic of the Three People's Principles. We must have freedom, we must have victory—this is our purpose, and it is also the general direction of my report.

I. From the Fifth Plenary Session to the Sixth Plenary Session

(1) Convocation of the Enlarged Sixth Plenary Session

It has been almost five years since the Fifth Plenary Session of our Party's Central Committee was held in Jiangxi in January 1934. Because the Central Committee members are scattered and working in various different environments at home and abroad, we have been unable to gather together. This time, except for a few comrades, the vast majority of the Central Committee members have arrived, and many comrades who lead work throughout the country have also arrived, making this Central Committee plenary session the one with the largest number of attendees since the Sixth National Congress. Originally, the Seventh National Congress was planned to be convened this year, but due to the tense war situation, the Seventh Congress had to be postponed to next year. However, the current situation has presented us with many issues that must be clearly resolved in order to win the victory in the War of Resistance. Therefore, this enlarged Central Committee plenary session was convened.

(2) From the Fifth Plenary Session to the Sixth Plenary Session

In the past five years, our Party has experienced many major events. The biggest and most important are: the situation of mutual opposition among various factions and classes within the country has turned into an anti-Japanese national united front, and the domestic war has turned into the War of Resistance Against Japan.

The reason for the formation of the domestic war in the past was the unfortunate rupture of the united front between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in 1927, which was caused by the historical environment at that time.

How was the policy of the anti-Japanese national united front formed? It was due to the new historical environment. Everyone is very clear that since the September 18th Incident, the enemy of the Chinese nation, Japanese imperialism, has moved from the first step of invading the four northeastern provinces to the second step of preparing and implementing the invasion of the entire China. This unprecedented historical event has changed and is changing the mutual relations between various classes, parties, and groups within the country, and has also changed and is changing the mutual relations between countries internationally. Therefore, based on this unprecedented historical event and the new domestic and international relations, our Party, along the new political stance that had already begun to be adopted as early as 1933 (signing an anti-Japanese combat agreement with any component within the Kuomintang willing to cooperate with us under three conditions), raised it to the new policy of the anti-Japanese national united front. Therefore, it issued the August 1935 declaration, the December resolution, the August 1936 letter to the Kuomintang, and the September democratic republic resolution. Based on these, we were able to adhere to the policy of peaceful resolution during the Xi'an Incident that occurred in December of that year, and in February 1937, we sent a concrete proposal for unity and resistance against Japan to the Third Plenary Session of the Kuomintang. In May of last year, a temporary representative conference was convened (called the Soviet Area Representative Conference, attended by representatives from both Soviet and non-Soviet areas and the Red Army), which adopted the "Tasks of the Anti-Japanese National United Front at the Current Stage" and approved the reorganization of the Red Army into the National Revolutionary Army and the transformation of the Soviet regime into a democratic system. In this way, the state of domestic war was in fact transformed into a new period of beginning to establish the anti-Japanese national united front. At that time, the Chinese Kuomintang also gradually changed its policy and gradually turned to the position of unity and resistance against Japan. If there had been no change in the Kuomintang's policy, it would have been impossible to establish the anti-Japanese national united front. At that time, national salvation organizations were organized in many places, and other parties also had anti-Japanese demands. Due to the policy changes of both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the leadership of Mr. Jiang Jieshi, the support of the national military and civilians, and the cooperation of other groups and other parties, the Japanese imperialists' steps to destroy the entire China encountered unprecedented resistance from the entire nation. After the July 7th Lugouqiao Incident last year, the entire China, under the unified leadership of the national leader and supreme commander Chairman Jiang, issued the sacred and righteous sound of cannons, and the entire China formed an unprecedented anti-Japanese great unity, forming a great anti-Japanese national united front. In the second month after the Lugouqiao Incident, that is, in August of last year, our Party issued ten major programs for resisting Japan and saving the country. At the same time, the reorganization of the Eighth Route Army was completed, and it went to North China to fight. On September 22, our Party issued a public declaration announcing that it would take the Three People's Principles as the foundation and sincerely unite with the Kuomintang to overcome national difficulties together. The next day, Mr. Jiang Jieshi, the supreme leader of the Kuomintang, the National Government, and the National Revolutionary Army, issued a speech acknowledging the legal existence of the Communist Party and uniting with it to save the country. From then on, the anti-Japanese national united front, based on the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, was completely established. In December, in order to consolidate and develop the anti-Japanese national united front, our Party issued a declaration stating that it was willing to cooperate with the Kuomintang not only in resisting Japan but also in building the country. Not long after this, the Red Army guerrillas in the south were reorganized into the New Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army and went to Jiangnan to fight. From then on, anti-Japanese unity has been progressing day by day.

Comrades, this transformation from ten years of war between the two parties to the re-cooperation between the two parties, and the implementation of this transformation under extremely difficult conditions, laying the foundation for long-term cooperation between the two parties, was completed after many difficulties and twists. However, thanks to the efforts of the Central Committee and the entire Party, it was finally completed. The Communist International fully agreed with this new political line of our Party (Communist International resolution, September 8, "Xinhua Daily"). And for the victory of the Chinese nation, it called on the Communist Parties and proletariats of all countries in the world to assist China's War of Resistance Against Japan.

Comrades, if there had been no initiation, establishment, and persistence of the anti-Japanese national united front based on the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, it would have been impossible to launch, sustain, and strive for victory in such a great anti-Japanese national revolutionary war. Now, people all over China and the world understand: the Chinese nation has stood up! The humiliating slave status of being bullied, insulted, invaded, and oppressed for a hundred years, especially since the September 18th Incident, has been changed. All Chinese people have taken up arms and stepped onto the battlefield of national self-defense war, and the final victory of the entire China, that is, the dawn of the Chinese nation's freedom and liberation, has already been discovered.

We know that our great national war today is different from all wars in China's past historical periods. Because this war is a war to liberate the Chinese nation from a semi-colonial state and from the danger of national subjugation and extermination, and this war is being carried out in the most progressive period in the history of the Chinese nation; at the same time, it is being carried out in a period when our enemy, Japanese imperialism, is seeking its own death and heading towards collapse; at the same time, it is being carried out in a period when the advanced mankind of the whole world is preparing an unprecedentedly broad and unprecedentedly profound struggle force in order to resist and defeat the fascist demons of Germany, Japan, and Italy and strive for a bright future for the world. The combination of these three aspects—the combination of three aspects based mainly on China's progress and continued progress—guarantees that our War of Resistance Against Japan will definitely achieve final victory, and a new China of freedom and liberation must appear in East Asia and become a very important component of the future bright world. Such a China will not only benefit the 450 million Chinese people but also benefit all mankind.

(3) Tasks of the Sixth Plenary Session

This enlarged Sixth Plenary Session is being held at an important juncture when the War of Resistance Against Japan is about to enter a new stage of development. The enlarged Sixth Plenary Session bears a major historical task.

That's absolutely right. The War of Resistance Against Japan has been fighting heroically for more than a year, and the whole country has achieved great unity and great progress, giving Japanese imperialism a serious blow. Although much territory has been lost, there have also been many victories, which is an undeniable fact. As the war develops, mainly due to China's continued progress, coupled with Japan's increasing difficulties and increased international assistance to us, the final victory will definitely belong to us, not to the enemy. This can also be predicted. Anyone who cannot see the great achievements of the past and the future prospects of victory will fall into the deep pit of pessimism and be unable to extricate themselves. However, it is not enough to only see this aspect. The War of Resistance Against Japan also has another aspect, its negative aspect, which is the many difficulties facing us. The current situation tells us that China's struggles, unity, progress, and victories over the past year have not been able to stop the enemy's advance, and there is still no strength to counterattack the enemy. Wuhan is currently under the threat of the enemy, and the enemy will also attack Guangzhou, Changsha, and the Northwest. Therefore, the people of the whole country are looking forward to the Communist Party expressing its opinions, and the new environment has raised many questions. Comrades, we must express our opinions and solve the problems. Yes, our Party has already expressed its opinions, and many fundamental problems have already been solved. But the new environment requires us to issue new opinions and solve new problems.

What are the new problems?

How to increase new strength on the existing foundation, overcome the difficulties of the war, stop the enemy's offensive, prepare for our counter-offensive, and achieve the goal of expelling the enemy—this is the key to the current problem. This problem is being discussed and pondered by countless people across the country. Should we answer this question? There is no doubt that we should.

This problem unfolds in all aspects and raises many questions.

For example, what exactly has the experience of the fifteen months of the War of Resistance proven? Does the experience of fifteen months prove that the War of Resistance is long-term or short-term? Is the strategic policy to defeat the enemy through perseverance or to defeat the enemy through a quick battle? Will the final victory belong to China or to the enemy? Is there a way out for the War of Resistance, or is there a way out for compromise? If the war is long-term, what methods can be used to support the long-term war and achieve final victory? Can all of these be found in the experience of fifteen months to give a clear answer? And can these past foundations be used to play an active role in the new stage of the War of Resistance, so as to overcome new difficulties and strive for new victories? These are all important questions, and this is one type of question.

For example, how will the entire War of Resistance Against Japan develop and change? What kind of stage will the so-called new stage be? Assuming that Wuhan cannot be defended, what will be the trend of the war? What should be the direction of the entire nation's efforts in the future, that is, the current urgent tasks of the entire Chinese nation? What good methods are there to overcome the difficulties of the war? These are even more important questions, and this is another type of question.

For example, what will be the future and prospects of Kuomintang-Communist cooperation? What basis does the Communist Party have to say that there will be long-term cooperation? What methods does the Communist Party have to improve the relationship between the two parties? What kind of country will be established by the so-called cooperation not only in resisting Japan but also in building the country? What is the relationship between the Three People's Principles and Communism? This is also a very important question, and this is another type of question.

For example, the world situation is so urgent, what will be the trend? What is the relationship between China's War of Resistance Against Japan and the world's anti-fascist movement? This is also an important question, and this is another type of question.

Also, what is the position of the Chinese Communist Party in the national war? What should be the work attitude of a Communist Party member when fighting for the political policies of his party? What better methods does the Communist Party have to cooperate with other parties and connect with the people, so that the difficult situation can move towards smoothness? What is the internal relationship of the Communist Party? What good methods are there to unite the entire Party so that it can play a greater role in the War of Resistance Against Japan, especially in the current difficult situation? What will the Communist Party's Seventh National Congress be like? This is also an important question, and this is another type of question.

All of these questions are urgently required to be resolved by people inside and outside the Party. In recent months, we have often encountered people who ask to answer these questions.

Comrades, our country is a vast and complex country, and this country is currently engaged in a decisive struggle with a strong imperialism. This struggle is now approaching an important new stage of development and is currently in a transitional period towards a new stage. Our enlarged Sixth Plenary Session is being held at this time, and the responsibility of the enlarged Sixth Plenary Session is very heavy. We must solve many problems.

II. Summary of the Fifteen Months of the War of Resistance

(1) What Has the Experience of Fifteen Months Proven?

Let us start with the experience of fifteen months.

What has the experience of fifteen months of the War of Resistance given us? I think there are three main aspects. First, it has proven that the War of Resistance is long-term, not short-term, and therefore the strategic policy of the War of Resistance is a protracted war, not a quick victory. Second, it has proven that China's War of Resistance can achieve final victory, and the pessimists have no basis. Third, it has proven that the only correct path to support the long-term war and achieve final victory lies in unifying and uniting the entire nation, striving for progress, and relying on the masses, so as to overcome difficulties and strive for victory, and not other paths.

(2) The War of Resistance Against Japan is Long-Term, Not Short-Term, and the Strategic Policy is a Protracted War, Not a Quick Victory

At the beginning of the War of Resistance, many people did not start from the basic comparison of the strength of the enemy and ourselves, but from some temporary and superficial phenomena, assuming that the war could be resolved soon, and the idea of a quick victory enveloped the time. However, Chairman Jiang clearly pointed out on the Double Tenth Festival last year: "This War of Resistance cannot be completed in a year and a half, and it must go through extreme hardship and difficulty to obtain the final victory." We pointed out very early on that the War of Resistance Against Japan is long-term and cannot be resolved in a short time. "The result of the war will be that Japan will be defeated and China will win, but the sacrifice will be great and will go through a very painful period." (Mao Zedong's conversation with Snow on July 16, 1936) "It should be seen that this War of Resistance is a difficult and protracted war." (Decision of the CPC Central Committee on the Current Situation and the Party's Tasks on August 15, 1937) All of these pointed out that the War of Resistance Against Japan is long-term, not short-term, and the strategic policy is a protracted war, not a quick victory. The experience of fifteen months of the War of Resistance fully proves its correctness.

What is the reason? It lies in the fact that the enemy is strong and we are weak, the enemy has the advantage and we have the disadvantage, the enemy is an imperialist country and we are a semi-colonial country.

We pointed out very early on that there are three conditions for defeating Japanese imperialism: first, China's progress, which is basic and primary; second, Japan's difficulties; and third, international assistance. Let us take a look at how these conditions have been in the fifteen months of the War of Resistance? In a word, it has a foundation, but it is still far from the necessary degree.

Taking the first condition (the basic and primary condition for defeating the enemy), China's progress, for example, there has indeed been a foundation in the past fifteen months, but only by continuing to progress can we finally defeat the enemy. The so-called China's progress includes all aspects of domestic politics, military affairs, party affairs, mass movements, culture, and education. The progress in these aspects has been very significant in the past fifteen months. However, these existing things alone cannot stop the enemy's offensive and implement our counter-offensive. The counter-offensive must have a preparation period and must go through the efforts of the entire nation, so that all the dynamic forces in our nation have a broad and profound mobilization, before there is a possibility of counter-attacking and defeating the enemy. Therefore, the theory of quick victory has no basis. It forgets the characteristic that the enemy is strong and we are weak, forgets that the enemy has the advantage and we have the disadvantage, and forgets that the enemy is an imperialist country and we are a semi-colonial country. China has great potential, which, when mobilized, is enough to turn defeat into victory, turn weakness into strength, and fundamentally change the situation between the enemy and ourselves. However, it still awaits future efforts and is not a ready-made fact.

Taking the second condition, Japan's difficulties, it is also the same. In the past fifteen months, the enemy has sent a million troops, suffered hundreds of thousands of casualties, spent hundreds of billions of dollars, the morale of the army has been declining day by day, and the financial economy has been increasingly exhausted. International public opinion has risen to condemn them. These are all the results of Japan's barbaric aggression and China's heroic resistance. However, these existing difficulties of the enemy are not enough to stop his offensive and benefit our counter-offensive. It must wait until the enemy has greater difficulties and we have greater progress before there is an opportunity to counter-attack and defeat the enemy. Therefore, the theory of quick victory has no basis in terms of the enemy's situation. The experience of fifteen months has already proven this.

Taking the third condition, international assistance to us, it has not yet reached the most favorable time. In the past fifteen months, we have had widespread international public opinion support, and the Soviet Union and other democratic countries have given us much help based on the resolutions of the League of Nations, proving that we are not isolated. However, we must see that the countries in the international peace front have their own different situations. In capitalist countries, the people help us, but the governments take a certain degree of neutral attitude, and their bourgeoisie use the war to do business and are still transporting large quantities of munitions and raw materials for munitions to Japan. Socialist countries are fundamentally different from capitalist countries and have already concretely demonstrated this in the issue of aid to China; however, the current international situation does not allow it to provide assistance beyond the current level. Therefore, we should never have too much hope for international assistance for the time being. It is undoubtedly very wrong to abandon the policy of self-reliance and mainly place our hope on foreign aid. The experience of fifteen months has proven that only by mainly relying on self-reliance while not relaxing the effort to win foreign aid is the correct path. On this point, past experience has also negated the theory of quick victory.

In summary, whether from the Chinese side, the enemy side, or the international side, the experience of fifteen months has proven that the theory of quick victory has no basis at all. On the contrary, it reveals the long-term and cruel nature of the war. Therefore, our strategic policy must not be a quick battle but should be a protracted war. Defeating the enemy through perseverance—this is the only correct policy for the War of Resistance Against Japan. Those who did not believe in this policy in the past have now been given a clear lesson by the facts and should have no more doubts!

This is the first summary of the fifteen months of the War of Resistance.

(3) Final Victory Belongs to China, Pessimists Have No Basis

Before the War of Resistance, the theory of weapons was widely promoted, believing that China's weapons were inferior to others, and that war would inevitably lead to destruction, and that China would inevitably become Abyssinia. After the War of Resistance, this argument disappeared on the surface, but it was circulating secretly. Whenever the War of Resistance reached a tense moment, this argument would stir up trouble once. It was believed that China should stop the war and negotiate peace, and that it could not fight any longer, and that fighting again would inevitably lead to destruction. We, on the other hand, believe that China's weapons are indeed inferior to others, but weapons can be enhanced through human effort, and the victory or defeat of war is mainly determined by people and not by things. As a result of the protracted War of Resistance, based on the efforts of the entire nation, China will be able to gradually overcome its own weaknesses, increase its own strength, turn passivity into initiative, and turn disadvantage into advantage; at the same time, the difficulties on the enemy's side will gradually increase, and international assistance to us will gradually increase. Combining these factors, we will eventually be able to defeat Japanese imperialism. Chairman Jiang has long declared clearly: "Once the war starts, we can only risk the lives of the entire nation and sacrifice to the end, and there is no reason to stop and compromise halfway." (Lushan talks last July) "This War of Resistance is a necessary process in the national revolution, and it is a war for the invaded nation to strive for independent survival against the invaders, which is very different from the usual warring countries with equal strength. Therefore, it relies not on weapons and military equipment but on the strong and unyielding revolutionary spirit and the strong and unyielding national consciousness." (Letter to the Nation last December) The Chinese Communist Party has also pointed out very early on: "Under the long-term consumption of China's War of Resistance, Japan's economy will collapse, and its morale will decline. On the Chinese side, the potential for resistance will surge higher and higher day by day. All these factors, combined with other factors, enable us to make a final attack on the Japanese-occupied areas and drive the Japanese aggressors out of China." (Mao Zedong's conversation with Snow) "We believe that the War of Resistance that has already been launched will continue to advance and develop by breaking through all obstacles due to the efforts of the people of the whole country. As long as millions of people are truly organized into the anti-Japanese national united front, the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan is undoubtedly certain." (Decision of the CPC last August) All of these have been proven by the experience of fifteen months. The absurd claims of pessimists or those who advocate national subjugation, who believe that the enemy is irresistible, that China cannot fight, and that compromise is the only way out, have been proven to be completely wrong.

What is the reason? It lies in the fact that the enemy is strong and we are weak is only one aspect of the fact, and the enemy still has weaknesses, and China still has advantages.

What are the enemy's weaknesses? First, it is a relatively small country, and its military and financial resources are insufficient to withstand long-term consumption. Due to its insufficient military strength, it has to be dispersed and consumed in the face of China's strong resistance, making it impossible to occupy the entire China. Even in its occupied areas, it can only actually occupy large cities, avenues, and some plains areas, and the rest is still China's. Second, the nature of the enemy's war is imperialistic and regressive. Its internal contradictions force it to launch wars of aggression and force it to adopt unusually barbaric policies of plunder. In this way, its war, on the one hand, becomes a war that is absolutely opposed to the entire Chinese nation, forcing China, no matter what class or party, to unite and resolutely resist Japan. On the other hand, it becomes a war that is absolutely opposed to the masses of its own people. As a result of Japanese imperialism's using all its manpower and resources to respond to the war, it has gradually brewed many dissatisfactions among the people and soldiers on the front lines. As the war develops, it will undoubtedly force its people and soldiers to take resolute methods to oppose the war itself. These have already begun to be proven in the past fifteen months. This is the most important basis for the enemy's inevitable failure, which exists on the enemy's own side. Third, precisely because the nature of the enemy's war is imperialistic, in other words, harming others and benefiting oneself, it has to put itself in a position of opposition to all countries whose interests are contrary to its own. Except for two or three fascist countries, all countries, especially the masses of people in these countries, do not approve of Japan's war of aggression. In this way, Japan has to increasingly narrow the scope of its international activities and increasingly be in an isolated position. This has also begun to be proven in the past fifteen months.

In this way, the relatively small size of Japan affects the insufficiency of its military and financial resources; the regressive nature of Japan's war; and the isolation of Japan's international position. The combination of these three factors becomes the inherent weaknesses and difficulties existing in Japan's war, and these weaknesses and difficulties are developing day by day. The advocates of national subjugation and pessimists are blind to these. They have not seen them at all, and only see the point that the enemy is strong and we are weak. Therefore, the theory of national subjugation and pessimism has no basis in terms of the enemy's situation, and therefore their policy of compromise can only be a policy of national subjugation. We are advocates of final victory, and our views have sufficient basis in terms of the enemy's situation. The experience of fifteen months has already begun to prove this.

What are our advantages? First, we are a large country, with a large land, abundant resources, a large population, and a large army. No matter how much the enemy occupies our major cities and transportation lines, we still have large tracts of land as our base for long-term resistance and striving for final victory. Even in the enemy-occupied areas, we still have many guerrilla warfare bases. This characteristic is fundamentally different from small countries such as Czechoslovakia and Belgium. This is our first advantage. Second, our War of Resistance Against Japan today is different from all wars in China's past historical periods. Our war is a national revolutionary war and a progressive war. Not only is the nature of the war itself progressive, but this war is being carried out on an unprecedentedly progressive basis in China. China in the 1940s is different from China in all historical periods. We have more progressive people, progressive political parties, and progressive armies than in any historical period. The anti-Japanese national revolutionary war carried out on this basis itself contains the great power to continue to develop and progress. This is the main basis for us to support the long-term war and achieve final victory, which exists on our side. The experience of fifteen months has proven that the great and sacred national revolutionary war being carried out on the basis of the original progress has promoted the progress of the entire China. The old national corrupt traditions are being destroyed, and new national progressive forces are growing. A great process of national unity, progress, and development is being completed. China before the War of Resistance is different from China after the War of Resistance. This is something that people with eyes can see. And China in the first stage of the War of Resistance (this stage has not yet ended) will be different from China in the later stages of the War of Resistance, which can also be predicted. Also, third, our War of Resistance Against Japan is not isolated. Regardless of whether capitalist countries still maintain many contradictory policies at present, and regardless of whether the international situation may temporarily affect the degree to which various countries help us, China's War of Resistance Against Japan and the world's anti-aggression and anti-fascist struggle are inseparably linked. It is not only the Chinese who oppose Japan's war of aggression, but also Europeans, Americans, Africans, Australians, and other Asians. The sympathy and assistance from various countries in the world in the past fifteen months have given us this conviction. China, which mainly relies on self-reliance, can simultaneously cooperate with the world's assistance, because today's world is not the world of the past. The entire advanced mankind of the world has become an inseparable whole, and the enemy's attempt to isolate us will only be in vain.

In this way, we are a very large country, our war is a progressive war, and we also have international assistance. These three factors are combined together. These are all our favorable conditions, which not only already exist but are also developing day by day. Here, the advocates of national subjugation and pessimists are also blind. They cannot see them at all, and only see that we are a weak country, a disadvantage, and a semi-colonial country. They mutter their nonsense of "War of Resistance will inevitably lead to destruction" and "Fighting again will inevitably lead to destruction." Many bad guys secretly carry out their conspiracies of surrender and compromise based on this nonsense. We, on the other hand, want to point out clearly to the entire Party and the entire country, based on what has been proven in the experience of fifteen months, the strengths and weaknesses, favorable conditions and unfavorable conditions of our country and our war, and point out that the strengths and favorable conditions occupy an advantage in the entire war, and call on the entire country to work hard, give full play to its strengths, enhance its favorable conditions, overcome its weaknesses and unfavorable conditions, and fight for the final victory. Who will the final victory belong to? We answer definitively: China. Based on this, we decide our policy: resolutely resist Japan or waver and compromise? We answer definitively: there must be no wavering or compromise, and only resolute resistance is the way out. The fall of the four northeastern provinces, the destruction of Austria, and the division of Czechoslovakia were not because of resistance, which is obvious to all. Now it is the same. Under China's many favorable conditions, the War of Resistance will inevitably prosper, but if we take the path of compromise, destruction is inevitable. Therefore, resolutely opposing the theory of compromise, opposing pessimism, and arousing the entire nation to fight to the end is the only policy.

In summary, the contradictory comparison between the enemy being strong and we being weak determines the long-term nature of the war and determines the strategic policy of a protracted war. We are advocates of defeating the enemy through perseverance, not advocates of quick victory. The enemy is small and we are large; the enemy's war is regressive and our war is progressive; the enemy's international position is relatively isolated, and we are relatively able to obtain foreign aid. These contradictory comparisons determine that the final victory will definitely belong to us, not to the enemy. This is the second summary of the fifteen months of the War of Resistance.

(4) The Only Way to Support the Long-Term War and Strive for Final Victory Lies in Unifying and Uniting the Entire Nation, Striving for Progress, and Relying on the Masses

The two basic questions that the War of Resistance Against Japan is long-term and that final victory belongs to China have been proven by the experience of fifteen months of the War of Resistance. But what is the specific plan to support the long-term war and strive for final victory? The opinions of the people of the country in the past were inconsistent. Many people believe that it is enough to continue as before. They do not pay attention to uniting the whole country, do not pay attention to improvements in military affairs, politics, culture, party affairs, mass movements, etc., and even aggravate friction and hinder progress. We have never agreed with this view, believing that only by unifying and uniting the entire nation, striving for progress, and relying on the masses can we support the long-term war and achieve final victory, otherwise it is impossible. The Chinese Kuomintang clearly pointed out in its program for resisting Japan and building the country: "To seek the inevitable victory of the War of Resistance and the inevitable success of building the country, we not only rely on the efforts of our party comrades, but also require the people of the whole country to work together with one heart and bear the burden together." The Chinese Communist Party has also pointed out very early on: "The most central task during the War of Resistance is to mobilize all forces and strive for victory in the War of Resistance. And the central key to striving for victory in the War of Resistance lies in developing the War of Resistance that has already been launched into a comprehensive and national War of Resistance. Only this comprehensive and national War of Resistance can make the War of Resistance achieve final victory." (Decision of the CPC last August) These are all completely correct, and the experience of fifteen months has proven this.

Since the War of Resistance, the various mutually opposed classes, parties, and groups in the country have been united, and the various different regions and different armies have been unified under the command of the National Government and the Military Commission. The persistence of the War of Resistance for fifteen months would have been impossible without this unity. And only the War of Resistance can unite all aspects. This unity is called the anti-Japanese national united front. But the experience of fifteen months has also proven to us the seriousness of the enemy's sabotage conspiracy and the inadequacy of internal unity and consolidation. Why has the War of Resistance suffered many setbacks, and why has it not been able to stop the enemy's offensive and implement our counter-offensive so far? In addition to objective reasons, the inadequacy of the strength of the united front and the fact that the united front has not been expanded and consolidated as necessary are the most important reasons. From this, it can be seen that only by further unifying and uniting the entire nation and consolidating and expanding the anti-Japanese national united front can we support the long-term war and strive for final victory. This is the first point. Second, the fifteen months of the War of Resistance have not only promoted the unity of the entire nation but also exposed the inadequacy of this unity; and have also promoted progress in military affairs, politics, culture, party affairs, and mass movements, while also exposing the inadequacy of this progress. To support the long-term war and strive for final victory, we must mobilize all the dynamic forces in all classes of the entire nation. To achieve this goal, we must strive for progress in military affairs, politics, culture, party affairs, mass movements, etc. Without greater progress in all aspects, we cannot mobilize all the dynamic forces of the entire nation, and we cannot further unify and unite the entire nation. Third, the fifteen months of the War of Resistance have also proven the greatness of the people's assistance to the War of Resistance; at the same time, it has also proven that the people's strength is only beginning to be mobilized, so that the War of Resistance has not received the widespread assistance of the people and has suffered many setbacks. From this, we have learned that the people of the country must further recognize the basic issue of relying on the people in the War of Resistance. Relying on the people can overcome all difficulties and defeat any strong enemy. Leaving the people will accomplish nothing. China's future progress must also be fully reflected in mobilizing the people's strength.

In short, the only correct path to support the long-term war and strive for final victory lies in consolidating and expanding the unity of the entire nation, in striving for progress to mobilize the dynamic forces of the entire nation, and in relying on the people to overcome difficulties. This is our third summary.

Comrades, persisting in the War of Resistance, persisting in a protracted war, and striving for unity and progress—these are the basic lessons of the fifteen months of the War of Resistance, and they are also the general policy for the War of Resistance in the future. We are capable of defeating the enemy, as long as we and the whole country adhere to this general policy and make long-term and extensive efforts. The War of Resistance Against Japan is developing towards a new stage, and there are many new tasks in the new stage, but this general policy remains unchanged. The experience of fifteen months has laid the foundation for us to observe the new situation and propose new tasks.

III. The New Stage of the Anti-Japanese National War and the Anti-Japanese National United Front

(1) Studying the