Proclamation of the Central Soviet Government
to the People of Inner Mongolia
(December 10, 1935)1
To all the dear popular masses of Inner Mongolia! Now that we are at a juncture
of worldwide change, are you still willing to be trampled on and dictated to by
the Japanese imperialists and the Chinese warlords and get killed as their cannon
fodder, or will you rise up fighting when the opportunity offers, and strive to
make yourselves strong, so that the most honorable Mongolian nation may win a
position of complete equality among all the nations of the world? It must be one
or the other, and we hope that you will make your choice as soon as possible.
If the madly ambitious, extremely ferocious, and fearsome Japanese imperialists want to occupy the whole of China, they must necessarily occupy
Manchuria and Mongolia first; if they want to dominate the whole world, they
must first occupy all of China. This barbarous plan is already being carried out
step by step, and the first to suffer from it are the people of the Three Northeastern Provinces and the five provinces of North China, and the whole nation of
Inner Mongolia. The Japanese bandits, who are crafty, despicable, hypocritical,
and malignant, are resorting to all sorts of deceptive tricks, and making use of
the doctrine of "Greater Mongolia" to seize all the land and property of Mongolia, and enslave the whole of the Inner Mongolian people. They are preparing to
make of your land the battlefield, and of your people the cannon fodder, in order
to attain their goal of attacking the Chinese Soviet People's Republic, the
People's Republic of Outer Mongolia, and the Soviet Union, and finally exterminating the Mongolian nation. If you do not believe it, please take a look at how
the people of Korea, Taiwan, and the Three Northeastern Provinces are unable to
use their own spoken and written languages, and how they are deprived of
freedom of residence, movement, tilling the land, or raising livestock, and other
such freedoms. All political and economic jurisdiction is entirely in the hands of
the Japanese dwarf slaves. Take a look also at the military deployment and
military equipment of the Japanese imperialists in Chahar, the Pacification Headquarters, and all the other plots, and you will see that the Mongolian nation has
reached an unprecedented crisis. What is more, there are shameless Chinese
warlords with Chiang Kaishek as their chieftain who not only regard this country
Our source for this document is Mao Zedong ji, Vol. 5, pp. 15-18, where it is reproduced
from a contemporary mimeographed text.
Red Army is fighting not only for the liberation of the whole Chinese nation from
the oppression of the imperialists and warlords, but also for the liberation of other
weak and small nations, and it will first of all help to solve the problem of the
Inner Mongolian nation. We hold that it is only through a common struggle by
ourselves and the nation of Inner Mongolia that we can rapidly defeat our common enemy the Japanese imperialists and their running dog, Chiang Kaishek. At
the same time, we are persuaded that only by fighting together with us can the
Inner Mongolian nation preserve the glory of the epoch of Genghis Khan, avoid
the extinction of their nation, embark on the path of national revival, and obtain
independence and freedom like that enjoyed by the nations of Turkey, Poland, the
Ukraine, and the Caucasus. Consequently, this government declares to you:
area of the three special banners in Ningxia, whether they have changed their status
into xian or have been designated as grassland, should be returned to the Inner
Mongolian people as part of their territory. The titles of the three administrative
provinces of Re[he], Cha[har], and Sui[yuan] and their de facto administrative offices should be abolished. Under no circumstances should other nationalities be
allowed to occupy the land of the Inner Mongolian nation or expropriate it under
various excuses.
their internal problems themselves, and no one else is entitled to interfere by
force with the life, customs, religion, morality, and other rights of the Inner
Mongolian nation. At the same time, the Inner Mongolian nation can organize in
whatever way it pleases. It has the right, in accordance with the principle of

--- Notes
publication. The Nianpu, Vol. 1, p. 496, says it was issued on the 10th.
as the suzerain of Mongolia, but have furthermore designated the whole area of
Inner Mongolia as an administrative province, driving the Mongolian nation into an
area bounded on the south by the Yellow River, and on the north by the Yinshan
Mountains, and instigating smaller warlords like Jing Yuexiu and Gao Shixiu to
invade and occupy the pastureland and salt ponds that belong to the Mongolians,
with the intent of gradually eliminating the Mongolian nation, clearing the way for
Japanese imperialism, and hastening the extinction of the Inner Mongolian nation.
The central government of the Soviet People's Republic of China, and all the
valiant Red Army men, have dealt numerous severe blows to the Japanese imperialists and Chiang Kaishek as well as the warlords over the past several years
of heroic fighting. The Chinese Red Army has already become an invincible
force. Especially remarkable is the valiant Central Red Army, which, after the
Long March of twenty-five thousand li, a new world record for military marches,
has victoriously accomplished its plan of going north to resist Japan. The Chinese
China. The section (bu) was an intermediate subdivision, and the banner (qi) was
equivalent to the xian.




--- Notes

1. We maintain that the six leagues, twenty-four sections, and forty-nine banners² of Inner Mongolia, Chahar, the two sections of Tumute, as well as the whole

2. We maintain that the Inner Mongolian people have the right to solve all

1. In our source this text is dated December 20, but this was probably the date of

2. In Inner Mongolia, the league (meng) was equivalent to the prefecture elsewhere in