Comrades, now I, on behalf of the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic, announce the opening of the Second National Soviet Congress.

Comrades, today is the opening day of the Second National Congress of Workers, Peasants, and Soldiers Soviets. On behalf of the Central Executive Committee, I extend revolutionary greetings to all the delegates!

Comrades: It has been two years and two months since the First National Soviet Congress. In the past two years, the development of events throughout the country has fully demonstrated that the counter-revolutionary ruling class is further shaking and collapsing, while the Soviet movement and the national revolutionary struggle have greatly developed.

China is a country oppressed and invaded by imperialism, a country slaughtered, oppressed, and enslaved by the landlord-bourgeois Kuomintang government. Vast territories of the country have been given to the imperialists by the Kuomintang, subjecting all of China to the threat of imperialist partition and joint control, bringing China to the brink of complete destruction. Under these circumstances, the Chinese people, under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, have united themselves, armed themselves, and established their own government and army. At the First National Soviet Congress, we declared the establishment of the Chinese Soviet Republic. From then on, there was an extremely sharp opposition between two regimes throughout the country.

The development of the revolution in the past two years has further unfolded the national revolutionary situation. The broad masses of people have united under the banner of the Soviets to attack our enemies, the imperialist Kuomintang. In the past two years, we have achieved great victories. The imperialist Kuomintang trembled in the face of our victories. After four "encirclement and suppression" campaigns, they organized the fifth and sixth "encirclement and suppression" campaigns. However, we shattered the enemy's five "encirclement and suppression" campaigns, and in crushing the sixth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, we have already achieved the first step of victory. Now we are in the decisive battle against the sixth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, at the most critical juncture.

In the past two years, the national Red Army has achieved great victories in bloody battles. In the meantime, many of our comrades shed their last drop of blood for the Soviets and gloriously sacrificed themselves. Many comrades who led the revolutionary struggle in the Kuomintang areas and white areas were slaughtered by the imperialists and the Kuomintang. Among these comrades are Huang Gonglue, Zhao Bosheng, Wei Baqun, Yun Daiying, Cai Hesen, Luo Dengxian, Deng Zhongxia, Chen Yuandao, He Zishu, Lu Yi, Wang Liang, Guan Alin, Zhang Xilong, Wu Gaoqun, Peng Ao, Sun Xiaobao, Fu Zuoyu, Tong Changrong, Bo Yang, etc. They gloriously sacrificed themselves on the front lines, on all fronts, under the enemy's bullets and knives. I propose that we observe three minutes of silence to express our condolences and admiration to these comrades (all delegates stand and observe three minutes of silence).

The solemn task of the Second National Soviet Congress is to thoroughly crush the enemy's sixth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, to push the Soviet movement to the whole country, and to oppose the imperialist Kuomintang's conspiracy to destroy China. Our congress bears a great responsibility. Our congress should call on the people of China to fight for the expansion of a million-strong iron Red Army, call on the people of the entire Soviet area and the entire country to arm themselves, concentrate all their strength, crush the sixth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, strive for the greatest and most thorough victory in the revolutionary war, implement resistance to Japan and suppression of Chiang, and strive for the victory of the revolution throughout China.

Our congress is the highest political organ in the country. It has great power to solve these problems. Our congress will ensure that the sixth "encirclement and suppression" campaign is thoroughly crushed, that the revolution is developed throughout China, that the Soviet territory is expanded to all places ruled by imperialism and the Kuomintang, and that the red flag is planted throughout the country. Let us shout:

Long live the Second National Soviet Congress!

Long live the new Soviet China!

(Amid overwhelming applause, everyone stands and cheers!)

Report

(January 22)

(1) The Current Situation and the Victory of the Soviet Movement.

(2) Imperialist Aggression and the Soviet Government's Leadership of the Anti-Imperialist Movement.

(3) The Imperialist Kuomintang's "Encirclement and Suppression" and the Soviet Regime's Struggle Against "Encirclement and Suppression."

Because the Chinese Soviet area is the revolutionary base area for anti-imperialism in all of China, and the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army is the main force for anti-imperialism in all of China, and because the Soviet movement and the revolutionary war are developing rapidly, the Kuomintang, with the direct help of imperialism, has concentrated all its strength in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and even sixth "encirclement and suppression" campaigns, launching desperate attacks on the Soviets and the Red Army, attempting to eliminate the revolutionary forces in China and taking on the responsibility of clearing the way for the imperialists to partition China.

However, every attack by the imperialist Kuomintang has met with serious failure. The Chinese Soviets and the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with the support of the people of China and under the correct leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, have become an invincible force. At the same time, the victory of the Soviets and the Red Army has further excited the working masses of China, making them realize that only the Soviets and the Red Army are truly fighting for national independence and freedom! Only the Soviets and the Red Army can save China.

When the enemy's fourth "encirclement and suppression" campaign began, it was precisely after the Kuomintang had sold out the three northeastern provinces and signed the Shanghai Truce Agreement. The traitorous Kuomintang not only did not send a single soldier to resist the aggression of Japanese imperialism, and not only ignored the repeated declarations of the Soviet Central Government and the Red Army that they were willing to conclude an anti-Japanese combat agreement with the truly anti-Japanese troops, but on the contrary, the Kuomintang traitor Chiang Kai-shek, after the failure of the fourth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, immediately launched the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, concentrating hundreds of thousands of troops to attack the Hubei-Henan-Anhui and Hunan-Hubei Soviet areas, forcing the Red Army to leave the area surrounding Wuhan. On our side, although in order to avoid fighting against an overly powerful enemy force, and because of certain subjective strategic errors on our part, the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army had no choice but to withdraw from the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet area and make the famous Long March, the Fourth Army of the Red Army created a vast Soviet base area in the Nanchang, Xuanhan, and Suiding areas of Sichuan. Due to the Long March of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army, a broad mass revolutionary struggle was launched in the remote northwest of China, spreading the seeds of the Soviets to areas where the revolutionary situation was relatively backward. The Fourth Front Army of the Red Army, with its heroic and skillful fighting, had already established Soviet power in more than twenty counties in less than a year, and had developed a Red Army force more than ten times larger, calling on the entire working class and peasant masses of Sichuan and the White Army soldiers to lean towards the Soviet revolution, establishing a new and powerful base area for the Soviet revolution in the northwest of China. The Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area is the second largest area of the Chinese Soviet Republic. The Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area has many advantages in terms of geography, resources, strategy, and social conditions. The Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area is a bridge for the development of the Soviet revolution between the north and south banks of the Yangtze River and between the north and south parts of China. The Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area has a very great role and significance in the great battle to win a new Soviet China. This made both Chiang Kai-shek and the Sichuan warlords tremble in the face of the great victory of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army. At the same time, the Second Army Corps of the Red Army, which withdrew from the Honghu base area, not only did not suffer major losses to its main force, but also actively cooperated with the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army in the Sichuan-Hubei-Hunan border area, achieving new victories. Even in the Honghu area, there are still guerrillas. In the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet area, although our base area suffered partial losses, the Red Army troops and guerrillas who remained behind bravely developed guerrilla warfare in all directions.

(Parts 1 and 2 of the "Report" can be found in "Long Live Mao Zedong Thought," Volume 1, pages 144-247)

As for the Central Soviet Area, this is where the Soviet Central Government is located, the main base of the Soviet movement in the whole country, and therefore, of course, the main target of the imperialists and Chiang Kai-shek's attacks. The Kuomintang concentrated most of the country's troops to fight a stubborn battle with us. It mobilized the so-called "Central Army," the Chiang-Cai warlords, the Guangdong-Guangxi warlords, and the Hunan warlords to encircle the Central Soviet Area and its neighboring Soviet areas from all sides. However, after a year of arduous struggle, we achieved unprecedented victories. The greatest victory was in the first half of 1933. In just this half year, the Red Army in the Central Soviet Area annihilated 24 regiments, 6 battalions, and 2 companies of the White Army, routed 3 divisions, 12 regiments, 5 battalions, and 2 companies of the White Army, and seized about 20,000 rifles and about 1,000 machine guns and pistols. Especially in the Donghuangpo battle, the enemy's most stubborn basic column was annihilated, causing the enemy's fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign to suffer a final and disastrous defeat.

In the great victory of crushing the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, the Red Army not only expanded in number but also increased in quality. The political steadfastness and the improvement of military technology of the Red Army commanders and fighters have made great progress compared to before the fifth campaign. The Soviet territory has expanded. In addition to the vast Soviet area in Sichuan, vast Soviet areas have been expanded in the northwest of Fujian and the east of Jiangxi, increasing the population by nearly one million and establishing the new Fujian-Jiangxi Province. The old Soviet areas have become more consolidated. This is reflected in the improvement of Soviet work, the increased revolutionary enthusiasm of the workers and peasants, the development of class struggle in the countryside, and the severe suppression of the remaining counter-revolutionary forces in the Soviet areas. At the same time, this victory has had a very great impact on the Kuomintang areas. Under the influence of this victory, the broad masses of workers and peasants in the White areas have further increased their courage to fight. All the Kuomintang troops participating in the encirclement and suppression not only experienced widespread wavering among the soldiers, but even the cadres experienced great fear, to the point that Chiang Kai-shek had to publicly announce the desperate order: "Those who do not suppress the bandits but resist Japan will be killed without pardon."

However, the achievement of these victories is by no means accidental. It relied on the correctness of the Chinese Communist Party's political line, the centralized leadership of the Soviet government, and the appropriateness of its policies and measures, the heroic and skillful fighting of the Red Army, the enthusiastic support of the broad masses of workers and peasants, and also the daily struggles of the workers and peasants in the White areas and the development of the anti-imperialist and anti-Kuomintang movement, and the sympathy and assistance of the world proletariat and the oppressed people of the colonies. These are the basic conditions for defeating the enemy. Without these conditions, victory could not have been achieved.

After the Kuomintang warlords suffered a disastrous defeat in the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, their only way out was to surrender to imperialism even more shamelessly, obtain large amounts of loans and armaments from imperialism, hire a large number of foreign advisors, and gather all existing forces to organize new forces (training new soldiers, training new air force units, training Blue Shirt Society officer corps, etc.). In short, they concentrated all counter-revolutionary forces and, under the command of imperialism, launched the sixth "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the Soviets and the Red Army.

The Soviet struggle against the sixth "encirclement and suppression" campaign is one of the main links in the great struggle to determine whether China will be partitioned by imperialism and become a complete colony or become an independent, free, territorially intact Soviet China.

The Soviets should call on all the masses participating in the struggle in the Soviet areas and the White areas to clearly recognize the seriousness of this struggle. Only by uniting all revolutionary forces and unifying them under the command of the Soviets with a hundredfold of enthusiasm and a hundredfold of perseverance can we win a complete victory in this struggle.

The Soviets should point out to all the masses participating in the struggle that after crushing the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, we have all the basic conditions to defeat the enemy's sixth "encirclement and suppression" campaign. The correct leadership of the Party and the Soviets, the strength and expansion of the Red Army, and the active participation of the broad masses of workers and peasants in the Soviet areas and the White areas are all the foundations for us to defeat the enemy.

Due to our efforts and the development of contradictions within the ruling class, the new large-scale offensive by imperialism and the Kuomintang has been severely hit by us. The enemy's original plan has failed, and they have had to launch a desperate offensive against us from new positions and under new plans. We are facing the final decisive battle of the sixth "encirclement and suppression" campaign. Although the Kuomintang warlords' policy of building blockhouses and their policy of economic blockade are extremely cruel, they are not invincible copper walls and iron ramparts. By improving our military technology, strengthening our mass work and soldier work, improving our military tactics, and concentrating all our strength to overcome these difficulties, victory will belong to us.

We should point out that the enemy's difficulties far outweigh ours. The wavering of the White Army soldiers, the resentment and dissatisfaction of the workers and peasants and the broad petty bourgeoisie under the enemy's rule, the struggles and divisions between the various factions of the ruling class, the contradictions and conflicts between the various imperialists who aid the Kuomintang, and the bankruptcy of the Kuomintang's finances and economy are all objective conditions for the victory of the revolution.

It should be pointed out here that when the imperialist Kuomintang launched the sixth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, a "People's Revolutionary Government" appeared in Fujian. The appearance of this "People's Revolutionary Government" shows the further disintegration of the Kuomintang system. Due to the great victory of the Soviet movement and the bankruptcy of the Kuomintang in the eyes of the people of the whole country, a part of the Chinese reactionary ruling class had to adopt new methods, attempting to find a third way outside the Kuomintang road and the Soviet road, in order to maintain the dying fate of the reactionary ruling class. However, this attempt is only in vain, because if organizations like the "People's Revolutionary Government" do not proceed from the true interests of the Chinese people, and firmly recognize the three conditions that the Soviet government announced as early as last April, and conclude and truly implement an anti-imperialist and anti-Kuomintang agreement with the Soviet government, and if they only engage in deception and empty talk, then the broad revolutionary masses will not take any different attitude towards the "People's Revolutionary Government" and the Kuomintang government, and it is predictable that it will inevitably suffer a tragic failure. And the Soviets, with the increasing faith of the people of the whole country in them, and with the increasing bankruptcy of the deception of the Kuomintang and all counter-revolutionary factions, will resolutely crush the sixth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, in order to strive to prevent the road of imperialist colonization of China, and strive for the victory of the Soviet revolution throughout the country, and in fact confirm the famous saying: "Only the Soviets can save China."

(4) The Implementation of Various Basic Soviet Policies in the Past Two Years

When we talk about the various basic policies of the Soviets, the first question to ask is what is the starting point of these policies? To answer this question, we should clearly understand the environment in which the Soviets were in the past and are now, and the tasks arising from this environment.

The past period of the Soviets was one in which they grew up in guerrilla warfare, and they grew up from many extremely small places. These places were independent of each other and not united. The surroundings of each Soviet area were the world of the enemy, and the enemy was constantly destroying and oppressing the Soviet areas. However, they were able to defeat these enemies, and they grew and developed from defeating these enemies' countless oppressions. This is the environment of the Soviets.

The environment in which the Soviets are now is very different from the past. They have vast territories, vast masses, and a strong Red Army. They have concentrated many scattered forces (although they have not yet been completely concentrated). They have been organized into a country. This is our Chinese Soviet Republic. This country already has its local and central organizations, and has established a provisional central government. This government is a centralized power organ. It relies on the broad masses of people and on the armed forces of the people - the Red Army. This government is a government of workers and peasants. It implements the revolutionary democratic dictatorship of workers and peasants. It is broadly democratic towards workers, peasants, and the broad masses of people. At the same time, it is a dictatorship, a dictatorship over the warlords, bureaucrats, landlords, gentry, and bourgeoisie who constitute a very small minority of the people, and it is already a dictatorship with great power. This dictatorship has already expanded its influence to the whole country. It has great faith among the broad masses of people. It is very different from the situation in the era of guerrilla warfare in the past. However, war is still a regular part of life, and it is even more widespread and intense, because the opposition between this dictatorship and the Kuomintang landlord-bourgeois dictatorship is becoming more and more acute, and now it has reached a period when the two sides are about to determine victory or defeat. The large-scale "encirclement and suppression" by the imperialist Kuomintang is in front of it. This is the current environment of the Soviets.

This environment determines its tasks, that is, it must use all its strength to mobilize the people, organize the people, and arm the people. It must constantly attack its enemies and crush the enemy's "encirclement and suppression." Its task is revolutionary war, to concentrate all its strength to carry out revolutionary war, to use revolutionary war to defeat the enemy, and also to defeat the rule of powerful imperialism, because imperialism is the supporter and commander of that dictatorship of the enemy. The purpose of defeating imperialism and the Kuomintang is to liberate the Chinese people, to liberate the 400 million people of China from the enslavement and trampling of Japanese imperialism and other imperialisms, to enable hundreds of millions of Chinese working people to turn over from the oppression of warlords, bureaucrats, gentry, landlords, and the bourgeoisie, and to enable the Chinese people to learn from the Soviet workers and peasants and establish a bright and happy socialist society, a new life for mankind, under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party in the future. This is the fundamental task of the Soviets.

From this, we understand that under this environment and task, what is the purpose of the Soviets implementing various basic policies? It is to consolidate the already victorious worker-peasant democratic dictatorship, to develop this dictatorship to the whole country, to mobilize, organize, and arm the workers, peasants, and working masses of the entire Soviet area and the entire country to overthrow the rule of imperialism and the Kuomintang with resolute revolutionary war, to consolidate and develop this dictatorship, and to prepare for the future transition from the current worker-peasant democratic dictatorship to the socialist proletarian dictatorship. This is the starting point of all Soviet policies.

The Central Executive Committee and the People's Committee, in accordance with the instructions of the First National Soviet Congress, have adhered to this general direction of policy for the past two years and have achieved great results. It has been proven from experience to the entire Chinese people that only the policies of the Soviet government are policies for the people's regime and the people's interests, and only they can resolutely confront the counter-revolutionary policies of the imperialist Kuomintang, overthrow the rule of the imperialist Kuomintang throughout the country, save the entire people from danger, and liberate the entire people from fire and water.

Needless to say, in China, where the two regimes are in sharp opposition, every specific policy of the Soviets must immediately win the support of the broad masses of people. Under the counter-revolutionary policies of the imperialist Kuomintang, the people who have suffered all kinds of oppression and exploitation simply follow the specific implementation of every specific policy of the Soviets like iron filings follow a magnet. This situation has caused great panic among the reactionary rulers, and the reactionary ruling class has therefore spared no effort to use all the most shameless rumors to slander the policies of the Soviets. However, the iron facts are a powerful answer to the shameless rumors. Every Chinese person with eyes, as long as they are not insane imperialists and Kuomintang landlords and capitalists, cannot but admit how different the policies of the Soviet government are from the policies of the Kuomintang government.

1. The Soviet's Armed People and the Building of the Red Army

Let us first talk about the Soviet's armed people and the building of the Red Army.

In order to oppose the enemy's "encirclement and suppression," in order to carry out revolutionary war, and in order to defend the Chinese nation and country, the first task of the Soviets is to arm the people and organize a strong iron Red Army, organize local troops and guerrillas, and organize the supply and transportation for carrying out war. In the past two years, in the resolute struggle against the enemy's fourth, fifth, and sixth "encirclement and suppression" campaigns, the Soviets have greatly succeeded in this effort.

The first is the establishment of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, which unified the leadership of the national Red Army, enabling the Red Army troops in various Soviet areas and on various fronts to begin to echo and cooperate with each other under a unified strategic will. This is the main key to the transition from the actions of scattered guerrillas to the actions of regular large-scale Red Army troops. In the past two years, the Revolutionary Military Commission has led the Chinese Red Army, first and foremost the Red Army in the Central Soviet Area, in glorious and victorious wars, crushing the enemy's five "encirclement and suppression" campaigns and achieving the first step of victory against the sixth "encirclement and suppression" campaign. And the Sichuan Red Army, under the leadership of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, has already achieved glorious and great new victories.

The Red Army has expanded rapidly in the past two years. It has expanded several times compared to two years ago. The success in this area relies on the enthusiasm of the broad masses of workers and peasants to participate in the revolutionary war, and also on the progress of mobilization methods and the implementation of the Soviet's preferential treatment of the Red Army. In the month of May 1933 alone, nearly 20,000 new soldiers were expanded in several counties in the Central Soviet Area. In many places, the masses of workers and peasants poured into the Red Army like a tide. All the opportunistic claims that the masses are unwilling to join the Red Army, or that there are no opportunities to expand the Red Army in the new Soviet areas and border areas, have been proven wrong by the facts. However, the correctness of the mobilization methods and the thorough implementation of the Soviet's preferential treatment of the Red Army are the keys to quickly completing the mobilization plan. Abandoning all coercive orders, implementing full propaganda and persuasion, and punishing class alien elements who sabotage the expansion of the Red Army and lead desertions are important programs of mobilization methods. Raising the social status of Red Army soldiers to the most glorious standard, giving Red Army soldiers all possible and necessary spiritual and material treatment, allocating land to foreign Red Army soldiers, and mobilizing the masses to cultivate it for them. Cultivating the land well for the families of every Red Army soldier, implementing a 5% discount for Red Army families in consumer cooperatives, implementing the establishment of specialized stores supplying daily necessities for Red Army families, implementing the extraction of 10% of the profits of state-owned enterprises and cooperatives to supply Red Army families, calling on the masses to donate and provide relief for the diseases and difficulties of Red Army families, and calling on the masses to give spiritual and material comfort to Red Army soldiers and their families. The actual and thorough implementation of all laws and measures concerning preferential treatment for Red Army soldiers and their families is a necessary and important step to ensure that the Red Army enthusiastically goes to the front line and to consolidate its determination to fight on the front line. There are many models of these works in various parts of the Soviet area. In these places, the broad masses of workers and peasants regard it as their sacred duty to defend the Soviet area and develop the Soviet area with weapons in their hands, and they are constantly pouring to the front line in large numbers. Among them, in Changnao Township, Jiangxi, 320 out of 407 young adult men aged 16 to 45 went out to join the Red Army and do work, and 87 remained in the township, with the ratio of those who went out to those who remained being 80% to 20%. In Shangcaixi Township, Fujian, 485 out of 554 young adult men went out to join the Red Army and do work, and only 67 remained in the township, with the ratio of those who went out to those who remained being 88% to 12%. How are the production and family life in these townships when such a large number of strong men bravely go to the front line? Not only does it not have a bad impact, but it is also expanded and improved. What is the reason? Because the labor mutual aid societies, farming teams, and all other methods have organized and planned the adjustment of rural labor, solving every difficult problem for the families of Red Army soldiers. I think this glorious lesson is worth learning throughout the Soviet area.

The iron-like consolidation of the Red Army should be closely linked to the expansion of the Red Army. In the past two years, good results have also been achieved in this area. The current Red Army has embarked on the road of a regular revolutionary armed force of iron. This is manifested in: (1) The composition has been improved, realizing the glorious right of only workers, peasants, and working masses to hold weapons, and resolutely expelling those class alien elements who have mixed in. (2) The number of worker cadres has increased, the political commissar system has been universally established, and the Red Army is in the hands of reliable commanders. (3) Political education has progressed, strengthening the Red Army soldiers' determination to fight to the end for the Soviets. It has improved class-conscious discipline and strengthened the ties between the Red Army and the broad masses of people. (4) Military technology has improved. Although the current Red Army still lacks the adoption of the latest weapons and the practice of using them, general military technology has greatly improved compared to the past. (5) The organization has been changed, increasing the strength of the Red Army in terms of organization. All of these have greatly improved the combat effectiveness of the Red Army, making it an invincible Soviet armed force.

The widespread expansion of the Red Guards and guerrillas is an extremely important undertaking for the Soviet's armed people to carry out revolutionary war. The Red Guards and Young Pioneers are the ready-made reserve force for the Red Army on the front line, the local troops defending the Soviet area, and the bridge from the current voluntary military service system to the future implementation of compulsory military service. And the guerrillas are the creators of the new Soviet areas and an indispensable detachment of the main Red Army. In the past two years, these troops have been developed in every Soviet area. Their military and political training has also been strengthened considerably. Their joining the Red Army, their defending the local areas, and their attacking and harassing the enemy have shown their extremely great achievements in the battles to crush the "encirclement and suppression" campaigns, causing the enemy to be amazed as a miracle and becoming a great difficulty for the enemy to invade the Soviet area. This is particularly evident in the Central Soviet Area and the Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi Soviet Area. Spreading this system to all newly opened Soviet areas, greatly expanding their organization, and strengthening their training, so that these troops become the most reliable brothers of the Red Army in the revolutionary war, is an important responsibility of the Soviets.

Replenishing the Red Army's supplies and provisions, organizing military transportation linking the front and rear, and organizing military health care are also undertakings of decisive significance for the revolutionary war. In the situation where we have not yet captured several central cities and the enemy's economic blockade, the progress of this task is extremely difficult. However, in the past two years, relying on the enthusiasm of the broad masses of workers and peasants in the Soviet areas and the White areas, we have also established a considerable foundation for this undertaking. We have already guaranteed the Red Army's supplies, provisions, and transportation in the long term in the past, which cannot be said to be a great achievement. However, the current decisive battle to crush the sixth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, and the even more expanded war afterwards, require us to increase our efforts to increase the strength in this area and ensure a more adequate supply in this area.

A larger-scale revolutionary war is in front of us, and the Soviet's policy of arming the people is even more showing its absolute importance. Never relaxing in arming the people, and realizing the creation of a million-strong iron Red Army at the fastest speed from practical work, is the basic combat task of the Soviets.

The basic task of the Soviets is revolutionary war, to mobilize all the people's forces to carry out war. Surrounding this basic task, the Soviets have many urgent tasks. They should implement broad democracy for the broad masses of people. They should resolutely suppress internal counter-revolution. They should inspire the class struggle of the workers, develop the land revolution of the peasants, and, under the principle of the worker-peasant alliance led by the working class, increase the enthusiasm of the workers and peasants. They should implement correct financial and economic policies to ensure the material needs of the revolutionary war. They should carry out cultural revolution to arm the minds of the workers and peasants, as well as many other basic policies. All of this is for one purpose: to overthrow the rule of the imperialist Kuomintang with revolutionary war, consolidate and develop the worker-peasant democratic dictatorship, and prepare for the transition to the stage of the proletarian dictatorship.

2. The Soviet's Democratic System

Now let us talk about the Soviet's democratic system.

The worker-peasant democratic dictatorship of the Soviets is the people's own regime. It directly relies on the people. Its relationship with the people must be maintained to the highest degree of closeness, and only then can it play its role. The Soviets have great power. They have become the organizers and leaders of the revolutionary war, and also the organizers and leaders of the masses' lives. The greatness of their power cannot be compared to any bourgeois state form in history. But its power completely relies on the people. It cannot leave the people for a moment. The Soviet regime needs to use force to deal with all class enemies, but it cannot use force against its own class - the workers, peasants, poor people, staff, revolutionary intellectuals, and other majority of the people. What it shows is only the broadest democracy.

The broadest democracy of the Soviets is first manifested in their own elections. The Soviets give all the people who were exploited and oppressed in the past complete rights to vote and be elected, and make women's rights equal to men's. The working class and peasant masses' acquisition of this right is only the first time in Chinese history. Summarizing the election experience of Soviets in various places in the past two years, generally speaking, there have been great achievements. First, regarding voter registration. The method of using red and white lists is used to strictly divide residents with the right to vote and residents without the right to vote. The election of the voters' congress, which does not allow any exploiting elements to participate, replaces the past method of opening a mass general election. Second, regarding the proportion of components. In order to ensure the leading cadres of the proletariat in the Soviet regime, the method of electing one representative for every thirteen workers and their families and one representative for every fifty peasants and poor people is adopted, and such components are used to organize the city and township representative conferences. From the district to the central level, the workers and peasants have appropriate proportions of representatives in the congresses and executive committees at all levels. In this way, the alliance of workers and peasants is guaranteed in the organization of the Soviet regime, and the workers are placed in a leading position. Third, regarding the election unit, in order to ensure that the majority of voters participate in the election, and to enable the workers to elect their appropriate representatives to the Soviets, the new election law promulgated by the Central Executive Committee in September 1933 stipulates that each township Soviet and city Soviet should be divided into several election units for election. That is, the peasants conduct elections by village, and the workers conduct elections separately as a unit. This makes it very convenient for the people to participate in the election. Fourth, regarding the number of people participating in the election. The development of the Soviet election movement has made the election masses greatly realize the relationship between the election and their own lives. Many of the people who did not actively participate in the election in the past are now actively participating. In the two elections in 1932 and the election in the second half of 1933, many places reached more than 80% of the voters, and some places only had people who were sick, giving birth, and on guard duty who did not participate in the election meeting. Fifth, regarding the election list. The election conducted in the second half of 1933 implemented a candidate list system, so that voters could prepare in advance whether or not to elect the person before the election. Sixth, regarding the election of women. Now, in most urban and rural Soviets, women account for more than 25% of the elected representatives. In some places, such as Shangcaixi Township in Shanghang, 43 out of 75 representatives are women, accounting for 60%. In Xiacaixi Township, 59 out of 91 representatives are women, accounting for 66%. The broad working women are participating in the management of the country. Seventh, regarding work reports. That is, before the election, the township Soviet and city Soviet convene a meeting of voters to report on the work of the Soviets and guide the voters to criticize this report. This method was also implemented more universally in the election conducted in the second half of 1933 than in the previous year. All of these have given the people a complete method for the basic steps of exercising the right to manage state organs - the Soviet election, guaranteeing the solid foundation of the Soviet regime.

Secondly, the democracy of the Soviets is based on the representative conferences of cities and townships. The city and township representative conference system is the foundation of the Soviet composition and the organ that brings the Soviets closely to the broad masses of people. The progress in the past two years has made our system more complete. The most significant features are: (1) In order to closely connect the representatives of the township Soviets and city Soviets with the local residents, to facilitate the absorption of residents' opinions, and to facilitate leadership work, the entire residents are appropriately distributed under the leadership of each representative according to the proximity of the representatives' residences to the residents (usually 38 to 70 residents are placed under the leadership of one representative), so that each representative has a fixed relationship with the residents under their leadership. This connects the people and the Soviets into one piece in terms of organization. (2) The representatives of the township Soviets and city Soviets elect one person from among three to seven representatives as the representative director according to the proximity of their residences. Their task is to distribute and guide the work of the representatives under their leadership under the leadership of the presidium of the township Soviet and city Soviet, to transmit the general knowledge of the presidium to each representative, and to convene meetings of the residents under their leadership to solve smaller problems among the residents under their leadership. Within a village, there must also be two general representative directors responsible for leading the work of the entire village. This closely connects the city and township presidiums with the representatives and provides strong leadership for the work of the village. (3) Under the township Soviets and city Soviets, various permanent and temporary committees are organized, such as the Committee for Preferential Treatment of the Red Army, the Water Conservancy Committee, the Education Committee, the Grain Committee, and the Health Committee, etc., the number of which can be as many as dozens, absorbing a large number of activists from the masses to participate in the work of these committees. Not only should there be committees in the township, but there should also be certain necessary committees in the village. This forms a network of Soviet work, allowing the broad masses of people to directly participate in the work of the Soviets. (4) The elections of the township Soviets and city Soviets are stipulated to be held every six months (district Soviets are also held every six months, while county Soviets and provincial Soviets are held every year), so that new opinions of the people can easily emerge in the Soviets. (5) Between two elections, if a representative commits a major error, it can be proposed by more than ten voters and withdrawn with the