January 11-15, 1934

(I) The Current Situation and the Victory of the Soviet Movement

It has been exactly two years since the First All-China Soviet Congress. The development of events in the past two years has fully demonstrated the further wavering and collapse of the rule of the imperialists and the Kuomintang, and the vigorous development and victory of the Soviet movement! The period we are in today is precisely a period of further intensification of the Chinese revolutionary situation, and also a period of transition to a new period of war and revolution throughout the world. The opposition between the socialist world and the capitalist world is now extremely acute. On the one hand, the socialist economy of the Soviet Union has been finally consolidated. Its first Five-Year Plan was completed in only four years, and the first year of the second Five-Year Plan has already achieved great results. The Soviet Union has long eliminated unemployed workers, and the living standards and cultural levels of all working people have been greatly improved. The national defense of the Soviet Union has been greatly consolidated. The Soviet Union's peace policy has been successful everywhere with the support of revolutionary people around the world. Even the most stubborn American imperialism has had to establish diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. The capitalist world is a different story. The economic panic has reached its peak. The production of the entire capitalist world has reached an unprecedented low. There are tens of millions of unemployed workers. The temporary stability of capitalism has ended, and the general crisis of capitalism has entered a new stage. Various imperialist countries are frantically preparing for war. The result of Japanese imperialism's occupation of Manchuria has intensified the contradictions between various imperialist countries, especially the contradictions between Japan and the United States, on a new basis. The imperialist bandit war to redistribute the world is extremely threatening to the people of the world. However, the imperialists are also attempting to temporarily ease their internal contradictions and seek a way out by sacrificing the Soviet Union and China. Preparations for the anti-Soviet war have not stopped for a moment, and the war to partition China and attack the Chinese revolution is already being carried out openly. However, the revolutionary movement of the proletariat and oppressed nations around the world is also growing and expanding under the influence of the success of socialist construction in the Soviet Union and under the threat of imperialist panic and war. Fierce class struggles and national revolutions are unfolding in all capitalist countries and colonial and semi-colonial countries. The flames of war and revolution around the world are approaching us. The Chinese revolution is a part of the world revolution. Due to the deepening of the national crisis, the total collapse of the national economy, and the victory of the Soviet movement, the Chinese revolutionary situation has further developed, and the Chinese revolution has been pushed to a particularly prominent position in the world revolution. The focus of the current Chinese situation is the broad domestic war, the life-and-death struggle between revolution and counter-revolution, and the sharp opposition between the worker-peasant Soviet political power and the Kuomintang landlord-bourgeois political power. On the one hand, the Kuomintang landlords and bourgeoisie have completely surrendered to imperialism, guiding imperialism to occupy vast territories of China, monopolizing all major political and economic powers in China, guiding the national economy to total collapse, and causing the working class, peasants, and toiling masses to suffer unprecedented pain. They deprive all revolutionary people of their freedom, suppress all revolutionary activities, and implement insane fascist terror. Under the command of imperialism, they organize all counter-revolutionary forces to launch a desperate attack on the Soviet areas and the Red Army. All of this is for one purpose: to integrate the interests of the Chinese landlords and bourgeoisie with the interests of imperialism, and to lead China onto the road of complete colonization. On the other hand, the Soviet political power calls on, organizes, and leads the national revolutionary war of the revolutionary people of the whole country. It organizes and leads the Red Army and the people to fight to defend the Soviet territory and develop the Soviet territory, and to crush the repeated "encirclement and suppression" campaigns of the imperialists and the Kuomintang with resolute attacks. It severely suppresses all counter-revolutionary attempts by the exploiting elements in the Soviet territory. All land is given to the peasants and Red Army soldiers. The eight-hour work system is implemented for workers, wages are increased, unemployment is relieved, and social security is implemented. All revolutionary people are given complete freedom of assembly and association. The broad masses of workers and peasants are introduced to manage their own state organs, but no exploiting elements are allowed to participate. The economic life of the people is organized, so that the people's lives are not only completely free from hunger and cold, but also improving day by day, from the position of suffering from hunger and cold in the past era of landlord-bourgeois rule. The cultural life of the people is organized, so that the broad masses of people who had no possibility of enjoying education in the past era of landlord-bourgeois rule are gradually improving their cultural level. All of this is also for one purpose: to overthrow the rule of the landlords and bourgeoisie throughout the country, drive the imperialists out of China, liberate hundreds of millions of people from the oppression and exploitation of the imperialists and the Kuomintang, prevent the colonial road of destroying China, and establish a free, independent, and territorially complete Soviet China. The increasing intensification of the opposition between the two political powers cannot but promote the increasingly fierce and desperate struggle between the two political powers. The current period is precisely the historical period when the struggle between the two sides determines the outcome. The fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign of the counter-revolution is continuing on a large scale after the crushing of the fourth "encirclement and suppression" campaign. The historical task of the Soviet political power is to call on, organize, and lead all revolutionary people in the entire Soviet area and the entire China to enter this great decisive battle, mobilize the broad masses of workers and peasants to join the Red Army, improve the political education and military technology of the Red Army, expand the local armed forces and guerrillas, develop extensive guerrilla warfare, strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Soviets over the Red Army in various Soviet areas, strengthen the speed and quality of various aspects of the Soviet work, strengthen the work of the Soviet financial and economic organs to ensure the material needs in the revolutionary war, develop the class struggle of the workers, organize the revolutionary enthusiasm of the workers to the struggle to crush the enemy, develop the land struggle of the peasants, mobilize the broad masses of peasants to fight for the seizure of land and the defense of land, and call on all workers, peasants, and toiling masses in the entire Soviet area and the entire China to give everything and every effort to the war, so as to thoroughly crush the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign of the imperialists and the Kuomintang, prevent the road of colonizing China, and strive for the victory of the Soviet in one province and several provinces first, and even the victory in the entire China.

(II) The Imperialist Offensive and the Soviet Government's Leadership of the Anti-Imperialist Movement

In the two years since the establishment of the Provisional Central Government, the biggest events in the country have been the imperialist offensive and the fourth and fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaigns of the counter-revolution against the revolution.

Beginning on September 18, 1931, Japanese imperialism's bandit war occupied the three northeastern provinces and Rehe through cruel aircraft and artillery slaughter, controlled Pingjin, and is still preparing for a larger-scale killing war towards Inner Mongolia and the entire North China. British imperialism is attacking Sichuan from Tibet. French imperialism is preparing to invade Yunnan. American imperialism wants to place the Yangtze River basin and Fujian under its direct rule. All these imperialists are stretching their poisonous hands and conspiracies towards the vast Chinese territory for the purpose of enslaving the Chinese nation, eliminating the Chinese Soviet political power, and preparing to attack the Soviet Union, and at the same time preparing for the First World War between imperialist bandits. The Chinese landlord-bourgeois Kuomintang, however, is sacrificing millions of miles of land under the policy of completely offering to imperialism, adopting a shameful policy of non-resistance to the Japanese and all imperialist offensives, and exchanging the interests of all Chinese toiling masses for political, economic, and military assistance from imperialism to facilitate its concentration of forces to attack the Soviets and the Red Army. Under this unprecedentedly serious national crisis, the anti-imperialist movement of the revolutionary people of the whole country has developed extremely vigorously. The struggle of hundreds of thousands of volunteers in the three northeastern provinces, the bloody battle of the soldiers of the 19th Route Army in Shanghai, and the anti-imperialist movement that has spread throughout the country have reached an unprecedented climax. At this time, the opposite actions of the two political powers are placed before the revolutionary people of the whole country: the Kuomintang completely surrenders to imperialism and tries its best to suppress the anti-imperialist people; the Soviets resolutely oppose imperialism and try their best to assist and lead the anti-imperialist movement. In the past two years, the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet has repeatedly telegraphed against the Japanese imperialist bandit war and the Kuomintang's surrender and betrayal of the country. On April 14, 1931, the Provisional Central Government officially declared war on Japan, and at the same time issued a mobilization order for war against Japan, calling on the people of the whole country to launch a national revolutionary war to oppose the imperialism that enslaves China and the Kuomintang that betrays the country. The Provisional Central Government and the Revolutionary Military Commission have issued declarations calling on all Kuomintang troops attacking the Soviets and the Red Army to (1) immediately stop attacking the Soviet areas, (2) guarantee the democratic rights of the people (freedom of speech, publication, assembly, association, strike, etc.), and (3) arm the people to create anti-Japanese volunteers. Under these three conditions, the Soviet government is willing to sign a combat agreement with any armed forces to fight against Japan and all imperialists. When the Kuomintang signed the Tanggu Agreement with Japan and the recent direct negotiations between China and Japan were underway, the Provisional Central Government repeatedly declared to the whole country and the world, expressing its firm opposition on behalf of the people of the whole country to this policy and action of selling out national interests. The Soviets are providing assistance to the anti-Japanese struggles of the people in various places. The Soviet has assisted the anti-Japanese strike movement of the workers of the Shanghai Huxi Yarn Factory with 16,000 yuan alone. In addition, the masses in the Soviet areas have also donated and assisted the anti-Japanese volunteers in the Northeast, and provided many spiritual and material assistance to other anti-imperialist struggles. As for the Soviet territory, the privileges of imperialism have long been completely abolished, the influence of imperialism has been eliminated, the pastors and priests have been expelled by the people, the property occupied by the church has been recovered, and the church schools have been abolished. In China, only the Soviet area is the place that has broken away from imperialist rule. All these facts indicate that only the Soviet government is the only government that opposes imperialism. The Soviet government should point out to the people of the whole country that defeating imperialism with direct war is the greatest responsibility of the Soviets and all the people. To fulfill this responsibility, we can only rely on the development of the anti-imperialist struggle of the broad masses of people, first of all, unite all forces to defeat the Kuomintang, the running dog of imperialism, because it is the biggest obstacle for the Soviets and the people to oppose imperialism. The people must understand that only because of the Kuomintang's obstruction—it lies between the imperialist offensive zone and the Soviet territory, and concentrates all its forces to attack the Soviet territory, making it impossible for the Red Army to directly fight against imperialism, and forcing the Soviets and the Red Army to clear the way with resolute attacks—crushing the Kuomintang's "encirclement and suppression" is its first step. However, the direct and large-scale conflict between the Soviets and imperialism is approaching day by day. This requires the Soviets to greatly strengthen their leadership over all anti-imperialist struggles. The Soviets should become the organizer and leader of the anti-imperialist struggle of the people of the whole country. The Soviet government can only successfully carry out its sacred task—overthrowing the rule of the imperialists and the Kuomintang in China with the national revolutionary war and the revolutionary domestic war—by using all its strength to make the people understand the current crisis and the crimes of the Kuomintang, and relying on the improvement of the awareness and organizational strength of the broad masses of people against imperialism and the Kuomintang.

(III) The "Encirclement and Suppression" Campaigns of the Imperialists and the Kuomintang and the Soviet Government's Struggle Against "Encirclement and Suppression"

Because the Chinese Soviet area is the revolutionary base area of the whole China against imperialism, the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army is the main force of the whole China against imperialism, and because the Soviet movement and the revolutionary war are developing vigorously, the Kuomintang, with the direct help of imperialism, has concentrated all its forces to launch desperate attacks on the Soviets and the Red Army, attempting to eliminate the Chinese revolutionary forces and take on the responsibility of clearing the way for the imperialists to partition China.

However, every offensive of the imperialists and the Kuomintang has suffered serious defeats. The Chinese Soviets and the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with the support of the people of the whole China and the correct leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, have become an invincible force. At the same time, the victory of the Soviets and the Red Army has further excited the toiling masses of the whole China, making them realize that only the Soviets and the Red Army are truly fighting for national independence and freedom, and only the Soviets and the Red Army can save China. When the enemy's fourth "encirclement and suppression" campaign began, it was after the Kuomintang sold out the three northeastern provinces and signed the Shanghai Truce Agreement. The Kuomintang, which betrayed the country, not only did not use a single soldier to resist the Japanese imperialist aggression, but also ignored the repeated declarations of the Soviet Central Government and the Red Army, as well as the proposal to sign a combat agreement with the truly anti-Japanese troops. On the contrary, Chiang Kai-shek, the chief culprit of the Kuomintang's betrayal of the country, concentrated hundreds of thousands of troops to attack the Hubei-Henan-Anhui and Hunan-Hubei-West Soviet areas, forcing the Red Army to leave the area surrounding Wuhan. On our side, although in order to avoid fighting against the overly powerful enemy forces, and because of some subjective strategic errors on our part, the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army had to withdraw from the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet area and make the famous Long March, creating a new and vast Soviet base area in the area of Nanjiang, Yihan, and Suiding in Sichuan. Due to the Long March of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army, a wide range of mass revolutionary struggles were launched in the remote northwest of China, spreading the seeds of the Soviets to areas where the revolutionary situation was relatively backward. The heroic and skillful fighting of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army has reddened more than a dozen counties in less than a year, calling on the workers, peasants, and toiling masses and White Army soldiers of the entire Sichuan to lean towards the Soviet revolution. This made Chiang Kai-shek and the Sichuan warlords tremble in the face of the great victory of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army. At the same time, the First Regiment of the Red Army, which withdrew from the Honghu base area, not only did not suffer major losses, but also actively cooperated with the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army in the border area of Sichuan, Hubei, and Hunan, achieving new victories. Even in the Honghu area, there are still guerrillas. In the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet area, our base area has not only not suffered great losses, but has also won a solid position, developing guerrilla warfare in all directions. As for the Central Soviet Area, this is the location of the Soviet Central Government, the general base of the national Soviet movement, and also the main target of the enemy's offensive. The enemy concentrated most of its forces and fought stubbornly with us, mobilizing the so-called "Central Army," the Chiang-Cai warlords, the Guangdong-Guangxi warlords, and the Hunan warlords, surrounding the Central Soviet Area and its neighboring Soviet areas from all sides. After a year of arduous struggle, we achieved unprecedented victories. The greatest victory was in the first half of 1933. In this half year alone, the Red Army in the Central Soviet Area eliminated 114 regiments, 6 battalions, and 1 company of the White Army, defeated 3 divisions, 11 regiments, 5 battalions, and 1 company of the White Army, and seized about 10,000 rifles and about 1,000 machine guns and short guns. Especially in the Donghuangpi battle, the most stubborn basic column was eliminated, and the fourth "encirclement and suppression" campaign suffered the final disastrous defeat. In the great victory of crushing the fourth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, the Red Army not only expanded in quantity, but also strengthened in quality. The political firmness and the improvement of military technology of the Red Army commanders and fighters have made great progress compared with before the fourth battle. The Soviet territory has expanded. In addition to the Sichuan Soviet Area, vast Soviet areas have been expanded in the northwest of Fujian and the east of Jiangxi, increasing the population by nearly one million and establishing the new Min-Gan Province. The old Soviet areas have been further consolidated, which is reflected in the improvement of Soviet work, the increase in the revolutionary enthusiasm of the workers and peasants, the development of class struggle in the countryside and cities, and the severe suppression of the remaining counter-revolutionary forces in the Soviet areas. At the same time, this victory has had a very great impact on the Kuomintang areas. Under the influence of this victory, the workers and peasants in the vast White areas have further increased their courage to fight. All the Kuomintang troops participating in the "encirclement and suppression" campaign have not only experienced widespread wavering among the soldiers, but even the cadres have experienced great terror, to the point that Chiang Kai-shek had to publicly announce the desperate order of "those who do not suppress the bandits but ask to resist Japan will be killed without pardon." However, the achievement of these victories is by no means accidental. It relies on the correctness of the political line of the Chinese Communist Party, the concentration of leadership of the Soviet government and the appropriateness of its policies and measures, the heroic and skillful fighting of the Red Army, the enthusiastic support of the broad masses of workers and peasants in the Soviet areas, and also the daily struggles of the workers and peasants in the White areas and the development of the anti-imperialist and anti-Kuomintang movement. These are the basic conditions for defeating the enemy. Without these conditions, it would be impossible to achieve victory. After the Kuomintang warlords suffered a disastrous defeat in the fourth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, the only way out was to surrender to imperialism more shamelessly, obtain a large number of loans and armaments from imperialism, hire a large number of foreign advisors, and gather all the old forces and organize new forces (training new soldiers, training new air force teams, training Blue Shirts officer corps, etc.). In short, they concentrated all counter-revolutionary forces to carry out the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the Soviets and the Red Army under the command of imperialism. The Soviet's struggle against the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign is exactly as the Party Central Committee pointed out: "It is the struggle to prevent the way out of imperialism in crisis, and it is the struggle to win an independent and free Soviet China." In crushing the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, it will determine whether China "will be partitioned and jointly controlled by imperialism and become a complete colony, or will be an independent, free, and territorially complete new Soviet China." The Soviets should call on all the masses in the Soviet areas and the White areas who are participating in the struggle to clearly recognize the seriousness of this struggle. Only by uniting all revolutionary forces, increasing our strength, and unifying under the command of the Soviets with a hundred times more active and a hundred times more resolute spirit can we win the complete victory in this struggle. The Soviets should instruct all the masses participating in the struggle that we have all the basic conditions to defeat the enemy in crushing this "encirclement and suppression" campaign, especially after crushing the fourth "encirclement and suppression" campaign. The correct leadership of the Party and the Soviets, the strength and expansion of the Red Army, and the enthusiasm of the broad masses of workers and peasants in the Soviet areas and the White areas for struggle are all the foundations for us to defeat the enemy. Due to our efforts and the development of contradictions within the ruling class, the new large-scale offensive of the imperialists and the Kuomintang has been severely hit by us. The enemy's original plan has failed and they have to make a final offensive against us under new positions and new plans. We are facing the final decisive battle of the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign. Although the Kuomintang warlords' fortress policy and economic blockade policy are extremely cruel, they are not invincible copper walls and iron walls. These policies of the enemy are precisely a sign of their own weakening. Improving our military technology and concentrating all our forces to overcome these difficulties, victory belongs to us. We should point out that the enemy's difficulties are far greater than ours. The wavering of the White Army soldiers, the resentment and dissatisfaction of the workers, peasants, and the broad petty-bourgeois masses under the enemy's rule, the struggle and division among the various factions of warlords in the ruling class, the contradictions and conflicts between the various imperialists who are assisting the Kuomintang, and the bankruptcy of the Kuomintang's finances and economy are all objective conditions for the victory of the revolution. It should be pointed out here that when the imperialists and the Kuomintang were carrying out the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, a People's Revolutionary Government appeared in Fujian. The appearance of this People's Revolutionary Government shows the further breakdown of the Kuomintang system. Due to the great victory of the Soviet movement and the bankruptcy of the Kuomintang in front of the people of the whole country, a part of the Chinese reactionary ruling class has to take new ways, attempting to find a third way outside the Kuomintang road and the Soviet road, in order to maintain the dying fate of the reactionary ruling class. However, this attempt is only in vain, because if organizations like the People's Revolutionary Government do not proceed from the interests of the truly workers, peasants, and toiling masses, do not implement many basic policies that the Soviets have already implemented, and do not firmly recognize the three conditions that the Soviet government announced as early as last April, and sign and implement an anti-imperialist and anti-Kuomintang agreement with the Soviet government, but only stop at deception and empty talk, then the broad masses of revolutionary people will not take any different attitude between the People's Revolutionary Government and the Kuomintang government. It is predictable that they will inevitably suffer a tragic failure. The Soviets, with the increasing faith of the people of the whole country in them, and with the increasing bankruptcy of the deception of the Kuomintang and all counter-revolutionary factions, will resolutely crush the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, prevent the road of imperialist colonization of China, and achieve the victory of the revolution in one province and several provinces first, and even the victory in the entire country, confirming the famous saying "Only the Soviets can save China."

(IV) The Implementation of Various Basic Policies of the Soviets in the Past Two Years

When we talk about the various basic policies of the Soviets, the first question to ask is what is the starting point of these policies? To answer this question, we should understand the environment in which the Soviets were in the past and are now, and the tasks arising from this environment. The past period of the Soviets was that it grew up in guerrilla warfare, and it grew up from many extremely small places. These places were independent of each other and not united. The surroundings of each Soviet area were the world of the enemy, and the enemy was constantly destroying and oppressing the Soviet areas. However, it was able to defeat these enemies, and it grew and developed from defeating the enemy's countless oppressions. This is the environment of the Soviets. The environment in which the Soviets are now is very different from the past. It has a vast territory, a vast mass of people, and a strong Red Army. It has concentrated many scattered forces (although not completely concentrated), and it has been organized into a country, which is our Chinese Soviet Republic. This country already has its local and central organizations, and has established a Provisional Central Government. This government is a centralized power organ, which relies on the broad masses of people and the armed forces of the people—the Red Army. This government is a government of workers and peasants, which implements the revolutionary democratic dictatorship of workers and peasants. It has broad democracy for workers and peasants, but it never allows any landlord-bourgeois elements to participate. It is a dictatorship, a dictatorship that already has great power. This dictatorship has expanded its influence to the whole country, and it has great faith among the broad masses of people. It is very different from the situation in the past era of guerrilla warfare. However, war is still a regular life, and it is even more extensive and fierce, because the opposition between this dictatorship and the Kuomintang landlord-bourgeois dictatorship is becoming more and more acute, and now it has reached the period when the two sides are about to determine the outcome. The extremely large-scale "encirclement and suppression" campaign of the imperialists and the Kuomintang is placed in front of it. This environment determines its task, which is that it must use all its strength to mobilize the people, organize the people, and arm the people, and it must attack its enemies non-stop, and crush the enemy's "encirclement and suppression" campaign against it. Its task is revolutionary war, to concentrate all its strength to carry out revolutionary war, to use revolutionary war to overthrow the enemy's dictatorship, and also to overthrow the powerful imperialist rule, because imperialism is the supporter and commander of the enemy's dictatorship. Its purpose of overthrowing imperialism and the Kuomintang is to unify China, realize the bourgeois democratic revolution, and also to enable this revolution to transform into a socialist revolution in the future. This is the task of the Soviets. From this, we can understand why the Soviets, under this environment and task, implement various basic policies. In order to consolidate the already victorious worker-peasant democratic dictatorship, in order to develop this dictatorship to the whole country, in order to mobilize, organize, and arm the workers, peasants, and toiling masses in the entire Soviet area and the entire China, to overthrow the rule of the imperialists and the Kuomintang with resolute revolutionary war, to consolidate and develop this dictatorship, and in order to prepare for the transition from the current bourgeois worker-peasant democratic dictatorship to the future socialist proletarian dictatorship, the Soviets must implement various necessary basic policies. This is the starting point of all policies of the Soviets. The Central Executive Committee and the People's Committee, in accordance with the instructions of the First All-Soviet Congress, have adhered to the general direction of this policy for the past two years, and have received very great achievements. It has been proven from experience to all revolutionary people in China that only the policies of the Soviet government are policies for the people's political power and the people's interests, and only they are resolutely opposed to the counter-revolutionary policies of the imperialists and the Kuomintang, overthrowing the rule of the imperialists and the Kuomintang in the whole country, saving the entire nation from danger, and liberating all the working people from the abyss of suffering. Needless to say, in China, where the two political powers are sharply opposed, every specific policy of the Soviets must immediately win the support of the broad masses of people. The people who have suffered oppression and exploitation under the counter-revolutionary policies of the imperialists and the Kuomintang are simply like iron filings following a magnet to every specific policy of the Soviets. This situation has caused great terror to the reactionary ruling class, and the reactionary ruling class has therefore spared no effort to slander the policies of the Soviets with all the most shameless rumors. However, the iron facts are giving a powerful answer to the shameless rumors. Every Chinese person with eyes, as long as they are not insane Kuomintang landlords and capitalists, cannot but admit how different the policies of the Soviet government and the policies of the Kuomintang government are!

First, let's talk about the Soviet's arming of the people and building the Red Army. In order to oppose the enemy's "encirclement and suppression" campaigns and to carry out the revolutionary war, the first task of the Soviets is to arm the people, organize a strong iron Red Army, organize local troops and guerrillas, and organize the supply and transportation for the war. In the past two years, in the resolute struggle against the enemy's fourth and fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaigns, the Soviets have greatly succeeded in this area. First of all, the establishment of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission has unified the leadership of the national Red Army, so that the Red Army troops in various Soviet areas and on various fronts have begun to act in coordination and cooperation with each other under a unified strategic will. This is an important key to the transition from the actions of scattered guerrillas to the actions of regular and large-scale Red Army troops. In the past two years, the Revolutionary Military Commission has led the national Red Army, mainly the Red Army in the Central Soviet Area, to carry out glorious and victorious wars, crushing the enemy's fourth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, and achieving the first step of victory against the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign. The Red Army has expanded rapidly in the past two years, several times larger than two years ago. The success in this area relies on the enthusiasm of the broad masses of workers and peasants to participate in the revolutionary war, and also relies on the progress of mobilization methods and the implementation of the Soviet's preferential treatment of the Red Army decree. In the month of May 1933 alone, nearly 10,000 new soldiers were expanded in several counties in the Central Soviet Area. In many places, the workers and peasants poured into the Red Army like a tide. All the opportunist claims that the masses are unwilling to join the Red Army or that the Red Army cannot be expanded in the new areas and border areas have been proven to be wrong by the facts. However, the correctness of the mobilization methods and the thorough implementation of the Soviet's preferential treatment of the Red Army decree are the keys to quickly completing the mobilization plan. Abandoning all coercive orders, implementing full propaganda and persuasion, and sanctioning class alien elements who sabotage the expansion of the Red Army and lead desertion are important programs of the mobilization methods. Raising the social status of the Red Army soldiers to the most glorious standard, giving the Red Army soldiers all possible and necessary spiritual and material treatment, distributing land to foreign Red Army soldiers and mobilizing the masses to cultivate it for them, cultivating the land well for the family members of each Red Army soldier, implementing a 5% discount for the family members of the Red Army in consumer cooperatives, implementing the establishment of special stores that supply daily necessities for the family members of the Red Army, implementing the extraction of 10% of the profits of state-owned enterprises and cooperatives to supply the family members of the Red Army, calling on the masses to donate and assist the family members of the Red Army in their illnesses and difficulties, and calling on the masses to give spiritual and material comfort to the Red Army soldiers and their family members, all the decrees and methods concerning the preferential treatment of the Red Army soldiers and their family members are necessary and important steps to ensure that the Red Army enthusiastically goes to the front line and consolidates its determination to fight on the front line. There are many models of these works in various parts of the Soviet area. In these places, the broad masses of workers and peasants take it as their sacred responsibility to defend the Soviet area and develop the Soviet area with weapons in their hands, and a large number of them are constantly pouring to the front line. Among them, in Changgang Township, Jiangxi, out of 407 young and adult men aged 16 to 45, 310 went out to join the Red Army and do work, and 87 remained in the township, with the ratio of those who went out to those who remained being 80% to 20%. In Shangcaixi Township, Fujian, out of 554 young and adult men, 485 went out to join the Red Army and do work, and only 67 remained in the township, with the ratio of those who went out to those who remained being 88% to 12%. Such a large number of strong men in these townships bravely went to the front line. However, what about the production in the countryside and the life of the family? Not only does it not have a bad impact, but it is also expanding and improving. What is the reason? Because the labor mutual aid societies, farming teams, and all other methods have organized and planned to adjust the rural labor force and solve every difficult problem of the Red Army family members. I think this glorious lesson is worth learning in the entire Soviet area. The iron-like consolidation of the Red Army should be closely connected with the expansion of the Red Army. In the past two years, good results have also been achieved in this area. The current Red Army has embarked on the road of an iron, regular revolutionary armed force, which is manifested in (1) the improvement of the composition, realizing the glorious right of only the workers,