How to Analyze Classes | How to Analyze Rural Classes
2 1933.6 | October 1933
3 only incidental | only incidentally
4 live solely by exploitation | those who live by exploiting the peasants are called landlords
5 mainly | mainly
6 by | collecting
7 main | main
8 managing communal land | managing communal land and collecting school rents
9 one kind | one category
10 although | although
U by relying on | by relying on
U and | or
13 ~ and other methods | ~ and other methods
W ~ as a livelihood | ~ as a livelihood, and whose living conditions exceed those of ordinary middle peasants
H ~ particularly vicious ones. | ~ particularly vicious ones. Among rich peasants there are also often smaller local tyrants and evil gentry.

How to Analyze Classes
1 1933.10
2 How to Analyze Classes
What is a landlord?
One who possesses land (regardless of the amount), does not engage in labor himself, or only does incidental labor, and lives solely by exploitation.
The methods of landlord exploitation are mainly
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relying on land rent
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|;this|^(：)
In addition, some also engage in usury
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or hire labor 03 or concurrently run industry and commerce. But exploiting peasants through land rent?x is the main method of landlord exploitation. Managing communal land!n9XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX1revised)10 is also a form of land rent exploitation. Among landlords, the exploitation by small landlords is even more cruel. Some landlords, although bankrupt, still do not engage in labor after bankruptcy, relying on
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seizing or receiving support from relatives and friends4 as their livelihood, and are still considered landlords. Military^5目I〉local tyrants and evil gentry are the political representatives of the landlord class, being particularly vicious among landlords
01
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX: The landlord class is the main enemy of the revolution. The Soviet policy toward landlords is to confiscate all their property, XXXXXXX and eliminate the landlord class.

265
—1166
Those who live solely or mostly by usurious exploitation3 are called usurers>4 Although these people are not landlords, XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX usury is feudal exploitation; all their property should be confiscated, and usurers should be eliminated. XXXXXXX

(2) What is a rich peasant?
Rich peasants generally possess land. But some only possess part of the land and rent another part. Also, XXXXXXX some have no land of their own at all, with all land rented (the latter being a minority). Rich peasants generally possess relatively superior
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(,) XXX production tools such as movable capital, and also engage in labor themselves. But they regularly
rely on exploitation as part of their source of livelihood, some even for the majority. The methods of exploitation by rich peasants are mainly the exploitation of hired labor (employing long-term laborers). In addition, some also rent out part of their land to exploit through land rent 03 or engage in usury 0^ or concurrently run business and small industry. Rich peasants mostly also manage communal land. But China's 2X3 rich peasants also, apart from their own labor, do not hire workers, but instead exploit peasants through methods such as land rent and usury 01 The exploitation by rich peasants4 is regular, and in many cases, it is the main source. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX The Soviet policy toward rich peasants is to confiscate their land, and their draft animals, farm tools, and houses are only confiscated XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX of the surplus part, while still allocating them inferior labor land.

15 many | many
(3) What is a middle peasant?
5678 Middle peasants in many cases possess land. Some | — possess part of the land and rent another part. Some — have no land 1921 at all, with all land rented. They all have adequate tools. They rely entirely on their own labor, or mostly on their own 23(,)45 labor. Generally, they do not exploit others2. In many cases, they also suffer from a part of exploitation by others, such as land rent and usury. But middle peasants generally do not sell their labor power. Another part of middle peasants
ix
gx
well-to-do middle peasants*><
sx
5X do engage in a part of exploitation of others, but it is not regular or the main source. ：
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x
IX
i4^oxXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX The Soviet policy toward middle peasants is to firmly unite with them. The land of middle peasants should not be redistributed without their consent XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX. Middle peasants with insufficient land should receive land equal to that of poor peasants and hired laborers.

(4) What is a poor peasant?
Poor peasants: some possess part of the land!> incomplete tools OT) some have no land at all, only some incomplete tools. Generally, they must rent land to cultivate 03 and suffer exploitation from others' land rent, usury, and part
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hired labor
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.sell:
part: of: labor: power)
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These) are) poor) peasants)

How to Analyze Classes —1167

268
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Poor peasants, in land distribution, should receive equal benefits with middle peasants and hired laborers. Their original some land and tools XXXXX should not be confiscated. XXXXXXX

(5) What is a worker?
Generally, they have no land or tools at all, some — have a very small part of land Ha3,v) completely
41
or mainly | live by selling their labor power. ：
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--- Notes

1 ~ some people who live by this | ~ those whose main source of livelihood is this, and whose living conditions exceed those of ordinary middle peasants
2 rely solely on | rely on
3 ~ people who live by this | ~ those whose main source of livelihood is this, and whose living conditions exceed those of ordinary middle peasants
4 ~ usurers, | ~ usurers, treated the same as landlords
5 only possess | themselves possess
6 excellent | superior
7 labor | participate in labor
8 often | regularly
9 still | or
忉 rent out | rent out
11 engage in business and small industry | run industry and commerce
12 But China's rich peasants also, apart from their own labor | some possess quite a lot of superior land, and apart from their own labor
n ~ exploit peasants. | ~ exploit peasants; such cases should also be regarded as rich peasants.
M many | many rich peasants' income from exploitation constitutes the majority of their total income
Those who help landlords collect rent and manage households, relying on landlords to exploit peasants as their livelihood, should be treated the same as landlords. xxxxXXXXXXXXXX

some | some middle peasants
U possess | only possess
W themselves | middle peasants themselves
20 entirely rely on > middle peasants' livelihood entirely relies on ~
M majority | mainly
^ generally | middle peasants generally
23 exploit others | exploit others
by many | many middle peasants
奶 a part | a small part
26 a part of | slight
27 part | small part
28 ~ exploitation. | ~ exploitation. [new line] Middle peasants generally do not need to sell their labor power, while poor peasants generally need to sell a small part of their labor power; this is the main criterion for distinguishing middle peasants from poor peasants


1 generally | workers (including hired laborers) generally
2 some | some workers
3 land tools | land and tools
4 completely > workers completely ~