(July 1933)

Revolutionary Masses of the Whole Country!

About a week ago, the Guomindang government of the landlords and bourgeoisie, as
the most loyal and obedient running dog of imperialism, even more insidiously and
shamelessly than before convened the Dalian Conference.' On the afternoon of July
5, they signed a new Dalian Agreement with the headquarters of the Japanese
Military Police. This agreement is more concrete and more shameless than the North
China Truce Agreement, which was signed on May 30!2

At the banquet celebrating the success of selling out our country, where
wine cups and dishes were lying about in disorder, and amidst warm congratulations by the deputy commander-in-chief of the Guandong Army of Japan-ese imperialism, the traitorous representatives of the Guomindang government, such as Lei Shouyun, holding glasses filled with champagne, went
so far as to shake hands with the representatives of Manchukuo, which, we
seem to recall, was formerly called a "puppet" by the Guomindang. While
celebrating the formation of their new alliance, they had finally swallowed
the traitorous treaty to sell out the interests of the Chinese nation and affixed

This document was first published in Hongse Zhonghua, no. 95, July 23, 1933. We have
translated it from Mao Zedong ji, Vol. 3, pp. 273-75, which reproduces this version.
their signatures. The main content of this new traitorous agreement is as follows:
(1) The Guomindang government formally recognizes Manchukuo and nominally incorporates the troops of Manchukuo that are stationed in the area around
Luan[zhou] and [Lin]yu. (2) Japan will set up supervisory troops in various xian
such as Miyun and Luanzhou. (3) The Lu[gouqiao]-[Lin]yu section of the
Beijing]-[Liao]ning railroad will be under joint jurisdiction.4
In this agreement, the Guomindang has, in fact, not only formally recognized
Manchukuo, but also, even more shamefully, formed a puppet alliance with
Manchukuo and pledged loyalty to the death to their common master-Japanese
imperialism. Recent events tell us that the Guomindang government has already
agreed to the demands of Manchukuo, changing the method of sending mails to
Europe through Vladivostok via Siberia. These iron facts make plain that the
Guomindang's talk in public about Manchukuo as a "puppet" is a lie. It is
nothing but shameless deceptive propaganda. As a matter of fact, the
Guomindang itself is also a loyal puppet of Japanese imperialism; it is absolutely
the brother running dog of Manchukuo.
The Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviets, on behalf of the
popular masses of the whole country, strongly opposes the shameful agreement
for selling out the country signed at the Dalian Conference by the Guomindang,
and absolutely repudiates every single clause in this traitorous agreement. We
also call on the workers, peasants, and soldiers, and all revolutionaries in the
whole country, to stand together in opposing the recent Dalian Conference of the
Guomindang for selling out the country, and in carrying out a firm revolutionary
struggle against it. Let the workers, merchants, students, and functionaries strike,
organize mass demonstrations, and form military units to oppose the Dalian
Agreement and prevent it from being carried out. The people of the whole
country must clearly realize that, with the puppet alliance between the
Guomindang and Manchukuo, the Japanese imperialist bandits will surely expand their activities of invasion in China to an even greater extent, from actively
attacking Chahar and Suiyuan provinces to taking over the provinces along the
southeast coast, thus jointly carving up China with the other international imperialists. At the same time, the Japanese bandits the military police of international imperialism in the East-will continue their recent frenzied activities of
provocation against the Soviet Union. They will certainly openly initiate military
adventures of intervention against the brotherly ally of the Chinese popular
masses the Soviet Union.
Revolutionary popular masses of the whole country! Only the soviets can

save China. Only the anti-Japanese Red Army, which is just now speeding up the
smashing of the imperialist Guomindang's Fourth "Encirclement and Suppres-sion," constitutes the armed forces of China's revolutionary popular masses
themselves! In order to strive for the independence, liberation, and territorial
integrity of the Chinese nation, the Provisional Central Government of the
Chinese Soviet Republic calls on the popular masses of the whole country
and the revolutionary soldiers in the White army to unite closely under the
banner of the soviets to expand the national-revolutionary war, overthrow imperialism and the Guomindang, and bury them in the graveyard of history.

Chairman of the Provisional
Central Government of the
Chinese Soviet Republic
Vice-Chairmen
Mao Zedong
Xiang Ying
Zhang Guotao
--- Notes

1. At the Dalian (Dairen) Conference on July 3, 1933, Chinese negotiators from the Peiping
Political Affairs Council agreed to Japanese demands that Japanese puppet forces be accepted
into the Chinese police force charged with keeping order in the demilitarized zone between
Japanese and Chinese forces established by the Tanggu Truce of May 31. See Parks Coble,
Facing Japan: Chinese Politics and Japanese Imperialism, 1931-1937 (Cambridge, MA: Coun-cil on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1991), p. 112 (hereafter, Coble, Facing Japan).

2. As noted above, the Tanggu Truce was in fact concluded on May 31.

3. The third character of this name, as printed in Hongse Zhonghua, is wrong; it should
read Lei Shourong. Lei (1879-??), a native of Hubei, was a graduate of the infantry division of
a Japanese military academy, who had occupied important posts in the general staff of the
Beijing warlord government in the 1920s. According to the account of the Dalian Conference
published in Dongfang zazhi, Vol. 30, no. 15 (August 1, 1933), p. 65, he and the other Chinese
negotiators refused to sign a written agreement, but did agree informally on July 6 to terms
similar to those indicated here by Mao.


4. Luanzhou (now called Luan xian) is located on the Luan River, not far from the
point where it flows into the Bohai Sea. The section of what was earlier called the
Beijing-Liaoning railroad referred to here extended from the Lugouqiao (Marco Polo
Bridge) junction in the southern suburbs of Beiping to Linyu, the station where the
railroad crosses the Great Wall at Shanhaiguan.