In September 1930, the First Front Army of the Red Army returned to Jiangxi from the battle of Changsha. In early October, it took Ji'an and advanced into the Yuan River basin. Xingguo sent many peasants to become Red Army soldiers. I took this opportunity to conduct a survey of Xingguo's Tenth District, that is, Yongfeng District. I found eight people—Fu Jiting, Li Changying, Wen Fengzhang, Chen Zhenshan, Zhong Dewu, Huang Dachun, Chen Beiping, and Lei Hanxiang—and held a survey meeting. The survey took place at the end of October 1930, at Luofang in Xinyu County, and the meeting lasted for one week. Yongfeng District is located at the junction of Xingguo, Gan, and Wan'an counties, and is divided into four townships. The old Lingyuan District is the First Township, Dongjiang District is the Second Township, Sankeng District is the Third Township, and Jiangtuan District is the Fourth Township. Yongfeng Market in the Second Township is the political and economic center of this district. Population distribution: First Township, three thousand; Second Township, eight hundred; Third Township, three thousand; Fourth Township, two thousand eight hundred; a total of eight thousand eight hundred. This district is situated at the junction of Xingguo, Gan, and Wan'an. Understanding this district means that Gan and Wan'an counties will not be much different, and the situation of the entire land struggle in southern Jiangxi will also not be much different. The determination of actual policies must be based on concrete situations. Things imagined while sitting in a house, and things written in cursory, superficial reports, are by no means the concrete situation. If policies are decided based on "what one takes for granted" or on reports that do not conform to reality, it is dangerous. Many mistakes were made in the Red areas in the past, all because the Party's guidance did not conform to the actual situation. Therefore, detailed, scientific, and practical investigation is extremely necessary. This investigation, generally speaking, is still not very in-depth, but it is more in-depth than my previous investigations. First, I investigated eight families, which I had never done before. In fact, without this kind of investigation, one has no basic concept of the countryside. Second, I investigated the performance of each class in the land struggle, which I had started but not fully completed in my Xunwu investigation. The shortcomings of this investigation are that it did not investigate the conditions of children and women, did not investigate trade conditions and price comparisons, did not investigate the state of agricultural production after land distribution, and also did not investigate the state of culture. These were originally to be investigated, but because the enemy attacked Luofang and the Red Army decided on a policy of luring the enemy in deep, our survey meeting had to be concluded. The following material was obtained in this way: I proposed the survey outline, asked questions one by one and added discussion. All conclusions were proposed by me and agreed upon by the eight comrades, and then written down. Some did not result in conclusions, but merely recorded their answers. Our survey meeting was lively and interesting. We met twice or even three times a day, sometimes until very late at night, and they did not feel tired. I should deeply thank these comrades. A few of them are Communist Party members, but the majority are not.

One, Fu Jiting, from the First Township of the Tenth District, runs a small butcher stall, has no capital. Five people to feed. Has 23 shi of grain land, must pay 3 shi in rent, leaving 20. Five people, each needing to eat 7 shi, for a total of 35 shi, a shortfall of 15 shi, which is made up by the butcher stall business. For each pig slaughtered, he can earn about one yuan and three jiao (now there are no big pigs to slaughter, each pig only earns about five jiao). The five people are: father (80 years old), wife (cooks, raises pigs, gathers firewood, washes and mends clothes, cannot farm), son (5 years old), daughter (1 year old), and himself (39 years old, farms and slaughters pigs). In addition to his own land, he also rents 5 shi of grain land from others. Each year he needs to hire a day laborer for one month to help with the farming. His mother died five years ago. At the time of her death, it cost over one hundred small silver dollars. Besides what his brothers contributed, he himself borrowed fifty small silver dollars in debt. With interest on top of interest, this year it has become one hundred and fifty yuan. Of the 23 shi of grain land, 17 shi are his own, and 6 shi are "tuijiao tian" (land with redemption rights), which is the public land of the Zhong family of Bailu (in Gan County, ten li from the First Township of the Tenth District). For the 6 shi, he paid a deposit of six small silver dollars per shi, a total of thirty-six yuan, and in addition, pays three shi in rent annually (fifty percent). Last March, the revolution failed. He fled to the mountains of Juncun and helped people repair mountain land. In September, the Red Army arrived in Xingguo, and he returned home. The Jingwei dogs had drilled into the mountains and left. There was no land distribution. In February of this year (March by the solar calendar), the Red Army attacked Ganzhou. In February, land was distributed, but he was not included. However, the three shi of rent no longer needed to be paid, and the one hundred and fifty yuan debt no longer needed to be repaid. At the same time, the thirty-six yuan deposit was not recovered. Starting in February, he served as the head of the land section in the village government for three months, helping people distribute land. Starting in April, he served as a company commander in the Red Guards, with a spear but no gun, for three months. On June 15th, he led his unit to fight the Jingwei dogs of Xingguo County once. Starting in June, the Red Guards were reorganized into the Red Army Reserve, and he served as a platoon leader for over a month, then as a company commander. At this time, the First Township organized one company. In August, they fought at Qifang. He led his unit to fight and won. This time (October by the solar calendar), he set out for Xinyu as a battalion commander. He cannot be separated from production, and his meat accounts have not been properly collected to repay others. He wants to go home and is unwilling to be a Red Army soldier. He has studied for six years and can barely read the newspaper.

Two, Li Changying, from Pengwudong, First Township, Tenth District. Six people. He himself is forty-eight years old, a farmer. His wife is also forty-eight, has heart pain, can only cook, wash clothes, and feed the pigs. His son is twenty years old, a farmer, very clumsy and not good with calculations. His daughter-in-law is twenty years old, gathers firewood every day, cannot farm. His daughter is twenty-one years old, married off this June, married to Wuwa, forty li away. His first son was three years old, died this April. Now there are only four people to feed. He has thirty dan of grain land himself, and borrowed twenty dan of grain land from his younger brother Li Changfen. Because Li Changfen's land was not good and not enough to cover expenses, he went to Luokeng in Taihe to farm. Li Changfen's twenty dan of grain land is subject to flooding, can only harvest thirteen dan of grain, and requires nine dan in rent. Li Changfen owed one thousand one hundred mao in debt; for the nine dan of rent, he paid the interest on Changfen's behalf. His own thirty dan of grain land, because it is on a mountain terrace and easily collapses, can actually only harvest seventeen dan. Together with the four dan actual harvest from Changfen's land, the total is twenty-one dan, all unhusked grain (mao gu). At a seventy percent conversion rate, this is fifteen shi of dry grain; in a good year, it is only seventeen shi. Six people need to eat forty dan of grain per year. With a shortfall of more than half, they rely on sweet potatoes for help, harvesting about thirty dan of sweet potatoes a year. They raise one pig, and in December, sell it to others to buy oil and salt to eat. They usually cannot eat meat, only on Qingming (four mao), rice transplanting (fifteen mao), Duanwu (three mao), eating the new harvest (ten mao), the fifteenth of the seventh month (twelve mao), Mid-Autumn Festival (twenty-three mao), grain harvesting (twenty mao), Chongyang (twenty-three mao), and New Year (thirty mao) do they buy meat to eat. For eating the new harvest, they need to buy ten mao worth of meat because they have to hire labor to plant sweet potatoes. For transplanting rice and harvesting grain, they also need to hire labor. They need to hire twenty laborers a year. Father and son, besides doing their own work, also have to help younger brother Lao Er farm twenty dan of grain land, which takes eighty man-days a year (each dan of grain requires three man-days for good land, four man-days for bad land), because Lao Er died, leaving behind Lao Er's wife, and Changying's first son was adopted by her. There is no pay for the eighty man-days. Besides doing their own work and Lao Er's wife's work, they have no remaining energy to help others work. They owe one thousand one hundred mao, owed to the public granary. Each year they pay seven and a half shi of grain in interest (for a loan of one hundred and sixty mao, one shi of grain is paid in interest, with each shi valued at twenty-four mao). At the end of each year, they sell the pig for over twenty yuan. After taking six or seven yuan to buy salt and oil, the rest is used to pay off the interest grain to the public granary. The new public granary and old public granary in their village each have over thirty shi of grain, for a total of seventy shi of grain. In March of this year, land was distributed. Six people each received seven shi of grain, for a total of forty-two shi of grain. Changfen's portion of the land was completely given to Changying. The debt that Changfen owed, for which Changying was paying interest, was also abolished. The one thousand one hundred mao debt to the public granary was also abolished. The forty-two shi of grain is on poor land, can only yield sixty percent, about twenty-five shi of grain. With the addition of sweet potatoes, it is barely enough to eat. In August of this year, an official document came from southwestern Jiangxi, and land was redistributed, taking from the fertile to supplement the barren. His family had one son die and one daughter marry off, leaving only four people. Each person received six shi and one tong (four tong make one shi), for a total of twenty-five shi of grain. A bit of his bad land was allocated to others, and a bit of others' good land was allocated to him. This time the land distribution was very even. Why did each person get seven dan in March, but only six shi and one tong in August? Because of the victory of the revolution, eleven peasants from Pengwudong who had previously gone to Taihe to farm returned at this time. Because there was no revolution over in Taihe, they heard that Xingguo had had a revolution and there was land to be distributed, so they all came back. Therefore, each person's share of land in the village was reduced a little. Pengwudong only has four surnames: Yi, Li, Qiu, and Zheng, with a total of over one hundred and thirty people, and no village government. He doesn't do much in the township government. His son, Li Quanpo, manages the weapons (spears, fowling pieces, knives, etc.) for the Pengwudong area in the township government. For the battles of Xingguo and Liangkou, his son set out. For the battles of Qifang and Nanchang, it was his turn to set out. He is willing to be a Red Army soldier, but he needs to ask for a month's leave to go back and buy a calf, so that he can farm. Because his ox fell to its death on June 27th this year. He had bought it for 23 yuan the year before last. After it died, he sold the beef for ten yuan. In June, he spent twenty-one yuan to buy a new ox, which also fell to its death in July. He sold the beef for eight yuan (which he hasn't collected yet). He must buy another calf to be able to farm, so he needs to ask for a month's leave to go back for a trip, and then come back to be a Red Army soldier. "Thanks to the Red Army's grace," an ox that used to cost seventy yuan now only costs twenty yuan. "Thanks to the Red Army's grace," all goods are cheaper. Oil used to be 23 yuan per dan (two hundred jin), now it's only ten yuan per dan. Grain used to be four yuan per shi, now it's one yuan per shi (three copper pieces for one sheng of rice). Firewood used to be twenty wen per jin, now it's eight wen per piece. Meat used to be five hundred and thirty wen per jin, now it's three hundred and twenty wen per jin. Only salt, cloth, and other items are extremely expensive. Salt used to be three hundred and twenty wen per jin, now it's eight hundred wen per jin. Cloth, white cotton cloth used to be one hundred and forty wen per chi, now it's three hundred and twenty wen per chi.

Three, Wen Fengzhang, from the Fourth Township (Houjing), Tenth District. Houjing has over three hundred people and a township government. Four people to feed. Father is fifty-six years old, has leg pain, cannot do any work at all. Mother is forty-six years old, her eyes cannot see, she does nothing but feed the pigs. He himself is twenty-two years old, a farmer. Since March of this year, he has been the commander of the Young Pioneers. Since July, he has been the finance commissioner in the township government. In October, he set out to attack Nanchang, acting as the company commander of the Red Army Reserve. His wife is sixteen years old, cooks, gathers firewood, tends the ox, does not help with farming. He himself has eight shi of grain in tuijiao tian. He doesn't know how much money his father paid as a deposit. Each year he pays one and a half shi of rent (dry grain). It was originally eight shi of water-logged grain land, but because it is good land, it can yield eight shi of dry grain. Four people need to eat twenty-eight shi per year, a shortfall of twenty shi. He rents one hundred and twenty shi of grain land from a landlord, no deposit required, but must pay rent. The one hundred and twenty shi are all flood-prone land, and can actually only yield ninety shi of water-logged grain (harvested once a year). At an eighty percent conversion rate, this is seventy-two shi. He has to pay fifty-five shi of rent in dry grain (rent rate of seventy-five percent), leaving seventeen shi, which is not enough to eat. From June to July is the harvest. Although he harvests the grain, after paying the rent and repaying last year's grain loan, he immediately has no food. In August and September, he has to borrow grain again. He borrows from rich peasants. For a one-year loan, for one shi he repays three luo. Each year he has to borrow more than ten shi of grain. For the twelve shi of grain he borrowed last year, this year, "thanks to the Red Army's grace," he doesn't have to repay it. He owed sixty yuan in debt to the big landlord Liu Huarang. For every ten silver dollars, he paid one shi of grain in interest. Now he doesn't have to repay it. Fortunately, he can harvest forty dan of sweet potatoes. Three shi of sweet potatoes are equivalent to one dan of grain, so it can substitute for thirteen shi of grain. In March of this year, the four people were allocated a total of thirty-two shi of grain land. In addition to his own eight shi of tuijiao tian, he was allocated twenty-four shi. The method was, from the one hundred and twenty-eight shi he originally farmed (one hundred and twenty shi rented, eight shi his own), ninety-six shi were carved out for others, leaving thirty-two shi. The land carved out was as much bad land as possible, and what was left was all good land. In August, it was redistributed. It was discovered that he had been allocated too much, and it was too good. Two shi were carved out, leaving thirty shi. Some of the good land was carved out, and some bad land was carved in. "The township government distributes land very fairly." In the past, when he farmed one hundred and twenty shi of grain land, he was busy to death. During the three seasons of transplanting rice, harvesting grain, and planting sweet potatoes, he still had to hire labor. For transplanting rice, he hired six or seven laborers; for harvesting grain, he hired over thirty laborers; for planting sweet potatoes (twice, early and late), he hired over thirty laborers, for a total of over seventy laborers, not including the more than ten laborers for labor exchange (I help you, you help me) for transplanting rice and planting sweet potatoes. Now he only farms thirty shi of grain land. Not only does he not need to hire labor, he also doesn't need to do labor exchange. He himself doesn't work as hard as before. For example, if he worked three parts hard before, now he only works one part hard. He has a lot of free time, manages finances in the township government, and handles some public affairs. He set out for the battles of Xingguo, Liangkou, and this time, Nanchang. He has studied for four years, can recognize half of the slogans, and can write accounts.

Four, Chen Zhenshan, from the Second Township (Zhigesi), Tenth District. The Second Township has a total of eight hundred people. The township government is located in Yongfeng Market. Seven people to feed. Three brothers, each with a wife, and the eldest has a daughter. The eldest is twenty-nine years old. Chen Zhenshan is the second, twenty-four years old. The third is eighteen years old. The eldest runs an oil and salt stall. The stall is set up at the entrance of someone else's shop, specializing in selling small amounts of oil and salt. He borrowed one thousand three hundred mao for capital, lost it, and "took advantage of the revolution." He doesn't have to repay the debt, and the stall can no longer be run. He is now a soldier in the Tenth Army. The second brother studied for eight years. Before the age of nineteen, he tended oxen at home. From the age of nineteen, he learned to be a "geomancer," and practiced geomancy for five years. He is a propagandist in the township government. This time he set out as a company political commissar. The third brother was a bamboo craftsman's apprentice, apprenticed for three years, and is now a soldier in the Tenth Army. The eldest's wife cooks, gathers firewood, and grows vegetables. The second's wife does the same things and is now the captain of the women's Red Guards in the township government. The third's wife is only nine years old. The eldest's daughter is two years old. They have twenty shi of grain land of their own, and rent another ten shi (paying five shi of grain in rent), which the eldest manages. Yongfeng Market is held every three days. On market days, the eldest goes to sell oil and salt once. After the market, he farms at home. Besides farming himself, the eldest has to hire eighty laborers a year. He owes one thousand three hundred mao in debt, with an interest of ten shi of grain. Each year, the farm yields thirty shi of grain. After paying five shi in rent and ten shi in interest, only fifteen shi are left. Of the seven people, besides the third brother who works as a bamboo craftsman away from home, six people need to eat forty-two shi, a shortfall of twenty-seven shi, which is supplemented by the money the eldest earns from the oil and salt business and the second earns from geomancy. The third brother is still in his apprenticeship and cannot earn money. The revolution started last December. Both the eldest and second brothers participated. The eldest was the head of the grain section in the peasants' association, and the second was a propagandist. The wives all supported the revolution because in the past, creditors pressed for debts, making it impossible for them to get through the New Year. When they heard about resisting rent, resisting levies, resisting grain tax, and resisting debt, they were happy in their hearts, so they supported the eldest and second brothers' revolution. The third brother is an honest person, he does whatever people say. At that time, he did not participate in the revolution. In April, the revolution failed. The Jingwei dogs came. The eldest fled to Juncun to help people repair mountain land. The second fled to Guanchao in Taihe, where he practiced geomancy and earned seventy or eighty yuan. Last December, the Red Army occupied Xingguo again. The eldest and second brothers returned home and engaged in revolution again. When the revolution failed, six of their houses were burned down by the Jingwei dogs. In March of this year, land was distributed. In addition to their own twenty shi of grain, they were allocated another twenty-nine shi, for a total of forty-nine shi, with each person getting seven shi. When the wives saw that land had been distributed, rent no longer needed to be paid, and debts no longer needed to be repaid, they were overjoyed. The second brother's wife happily went to the township government to be the captain of the women's Red Guards. The land distributed in March was all good land. In August, it was redistributed to even out the good and the bad. Half of the good land was taken away, and half of the bad land was brought in. Each person still got seven shi. The women were still happy, because the wife herself worked in the government and often said that others should have their good and bad land evened out, so when her own land was evened out, she also approved. The eldest, second, and third brothers, as well as the second brother's wife, have all left home to do revolutionary work. At home, there are only the eldest's wife, the eldest's daughter, and the third's young wife, three females, none of whom have the ability to farm. So the township government sends people to farm for their family. They send those in the township with a lot of labor power to farm. They farm the Chen family's land first, then their own, and farm it very well. The people sent to farm eat at the Chen family's expense. Of the seven people, four eat outside. The seven shi of grain for each of these four people becomes surplus. They sell it and use the money to buy oil, salt, and cloth.

Five, Zhong Dewu, from the Third Township (Shankeng), Tenth District. There are eleven people in his family. He himself is twenty-eight years old, has studied for seven years, and works as a clerk (accountant) in the Wang family's general store in Bailu (thirty li from Shankeng), with an annual salary of sixty small silver dollars. He has worked for a total of thirteen years, from apprentice to clerk. Last March, the Red Army came to Bailu, and he followed them home and stayed there. His mother is fifty-seven years old, old, and takes care of the small children. His elder brother, Lao Ba, is thirty-one years old, a farmer. Lao Ba's wife is thirty-two years old, cooks, gathers firewood, washes clothes, does not farm. Two nephews, one is nine years old, goes to school. One is three years old. His wife is twenty-eight years old, cooks, gathers firewood, feeds the pigs. Two sons, one is seven years old, goes to school. One is two years old. The elder nephew has taken a wife, nine years old, who takes care of the small children. One niece, two years old. A total of eleven people. Only Lao Ba can farm. He himself can do business. The rest lack productive capacity. They only have thirty shi of grain land of their own, and rent thirty-six shi from others, for a total of sixty-six shi. For the rented land, they pay sixty percent in rent, which is twenty-one shi and six dou, paid in money, keeping the grain. Each year they can harvest over forty dan of sweet potatoes. Eleven people need to eat seventy-seven shi. Raising chickens, feeding pigs, making wine, hiring labor, entertaining guests, and other items require about twenty shi a year, for a total need of about one hundred shi. Income and expenditure balanced, there is a shortfall of over twenty shi. The whole family's annual expenses for salt, cloth, labor, buying grain, and all social obligations total one hundred and fifty to one hundred and sixty yuan. Of this, salt costs twenty to thirty yuan, cloth costs over thirty yuan, buying fifteen or sixteen shi of grain at about three yuan per shi costs over seventy yuan, and social obligations cost over twenty yuan. The source of this one hundred and fifty to one hundred and sixty yuan is: sixty yuan in salary from the Bailu store, twenty yuan in bonus, over ten yuan from growing miscellaneous grains like beans, over ten yuan surplus from raising pigs after their own consumption, and over ten yuan a year from selling pine firewood, for a total of about one hundred and twenty yuan. Each year they must go into debt by thirty to forty yuan. His family previously owed over two hundred yuan in debt. They used to have forty-six shi of grain land. Ten years ago, they sold seven shi (at ten yuan per shi). The year before last, they sold another nine shi (at twelve yuan per shi), so only thirty shi are left. Lao Ba farms, but his strength is not enough. Each year he has to hire over one hundred and twenty day laborers, at one hundred and forty wen per laborer, for an annual labor cost of twenty-eight chuan. In February of this year (March by the solar calendar), the revolution succeeded. Each person was allocated five and a half shi of grain land. The eleven people got a total of sixty shi and one luo (including their own thirty shi). Because the good and bad land were not evened out in this distribution in their township, it is now to be redistributed again, but it has not been done yet. The township has many people and little land. Each person getting five and a half shi is not enough to eat. His family used to need about one hundred shi of grain a year, and one hundred and fifty to one hundred and sixty yuan for miscellaneous expenses. The result of the land distribution is sixty shi and one luo of grain, six shi less than the sixty-six shi before the revolution. But the twenty-one shi of rent grain no longer needs to be paid (equivalent to over sixty yuan in money), and the forty yuan in interest on the over two hundred yuan debt (at twenty percent interest) also no longer needs to be paid, which is a benefit. The disadvantage is that the Wang family's store in Bailu has closed, and he has no work. He has lost an annual income of eighty yuan (sixty yuan salary, twenty yuan bonus). Comparing the two, the situation before the revolution is about the same as after the revolution. But after the revolution, miscellaneous expenses have been greatly reduced. Distilling wine, for hiring labor, is still needed, but can be reduced somewhat. Cloth, because they wear it more sparingly, is also reduced. There is not enough grain to eat, and although they still need to buy some, the price of grain has dropped greatly. Seventy mao can buy one shi. Social obligations have also been considerably reduced. So, whereas before they needed one hundred and fifty to one hundred and sixty yuan for miscellaneous expenses, now it has probably been reduced by half. Eighty yuan a year is enough (money in Xingguo is all calculated in silver jiao). The land distribution in March was "based on the original cultivation, taking from the surplus to supplement the deficient." It was done on a village basis. The village has many people and little land, so it only went as far as not touching the original cultivation, and did not take from the surplus to supplement the deficient. In the current redistribution, some land will be drawn from other villages, and each person will probably be able to get seven shi of grain. If this can be done, there will be almost enough grain to eat. In May, he was responsible for the distribution of mountain forests in the land section of the township government (one of four mountain distribution commissioners). He distributed all the mountain forests of the Third Township. The method was decided by the township representative meeting. He then went to each village to hold mass meetings and implement the mountain distribution in each village. Those who got more mountain land got less farmland, and those who got more farmland got less mountain land. There were those who got farmland but no mountain land, but none who got mountain land but no farmland. Those who got mountain land always got a little bit of farmland. In May, he was a company commander in the Red Guards Reserve. In June, he was a propagandist in the independent regiment. This time he set out for Xinyu, again as a propagandist. He went to the seventh and eighth attacks on Ji'an. He is willing to be a propagandist in the Red Army.

Six, Huang Dachun, from Chagan Village, First Township, Tenth District. The village has over three hundred and ninety people. Four people to feed. He himself is thirty-six years old, makes firecrackers for others. His mother is fifty-four years old, has been sick for nine years, cannot do any work. His wife is thirty-one years old, cuts firewood and carries it to Bailu market to sell (Chagan is ten li from Bailu). With the money from the sale, she buys rice to cook. She also has to cook, grow vegetables, and wash clothes, which is very hard. His younger brother is thirty-two years old, a bamboo craftsman. Last March, he went to the 21st Regiment to be a Red Army soldier, and there has been no news since. The family has five shi of grain land, which he farms himself. He does not rent land from others. He helps others make firecrackers, hired as a day laborer, at one mao and four fen per day. If he works every day, he can earn four yuan a month. The younger brother is a bamboo craftsman, at one mao per day. After buying tobacco and clothes, there is no money left over. After the revolution, firecrackers are no longer made. The younger brother also stopped being a bamboo craftsman and went to be a soldier. Before, relying on making firecrackers and his wife cutting and selling firewood, working from the beginning of the year to the end, they could not get enough to eat. After the land was distributed, there is enough to eat. He owed forty yuan in debt to a rich peasant surnamed Chen, using the five shi of grain land as collateral. This rich peasant was extremely vicious and was beaten to death by the masses during the revolution. Last March, a secret peasants' association was organized. The Chagan Village peasants' association had fifty to sixty members. He was a messenger in the association. Last November, he was a Red Guards captain. This April, he was a land cadre. In June, he was a platoon leader in the Red Army Reserve. In August, he was a company commander in the reserve. This time he led his unit down to Xinyu. In the March land distribution, each person only got six and a half shi, all of it bad land. Also, because the original cultivator had already planted the seeds, the original cultivator got sixty percent, and the new household only got forty percent. In July (August by the solar calendar), it was redistributed. Each person got seven shi, and half of it was good land. He is a firecracker worker and lost his job. The younger brother is a bamboo craftsman and became a Red Army soldier, so they both got land. Other employed workers also got land, and in the same amount as the peasants. This is because although the workers are employed, their employment is not stable, and they often fear unemployment, so they demand land. Also, because workers who get land cannot farm it themselves and have to hire people to farm, they must get the same amount as others. At the beginning, the peasants only agreed to give the workers half a share of land. The workers said that if they only got half a share, they would have to raise their wages. Only then did the peasants say, "We will allow you a full share of land, and you don't raise your wages." After the workers got land, they had no oxen and had to borrow from relatives and friends. They had no plows or harrows and also had to borrow, so they felt it was difficult. He has never studied, can only write accounts.

Seven, Chen Beiping, from the Third Township (Sankeng), Tenth District. Eleven people. Three brothers, each with a wife, two nephews, a father, a mother, and two grandmothers. The eldest is thirty-eight years old, a plasterer. The second is thirty-two years old, a farmer. The third is Chen Beiping himself, twenty-four years old, has studied for six and a half years, one and a half years in higher primary school, and taught in a village primary school for five years. Father is sixty-five years old, mother is sixty-two. The three brothers' wives cook, cut firewood, grow vegetables, and wash clothes at home, and do not farm. One nephew is two years old, one is three. Grandmother is ninety-one years old. They have thirty-two shi of grain land of their own, and rent ten shi from others, paying ten shi in rent. Of the eleven people, two eat at others' expense, and the young and old eat a little less, so sixty shi of grain a year is enough to eat. Their income is only forty-two shi, a shortfall of about twenty shi. In addition, there are miscellaneous expenses: distilling wine, hiring craftsmen, oil, salt, cloth, miscellaneous goods, gifts for weddings, funerals, and seasonal occasions, etc., which cost about one hundred and twenty yuan a year. They rely on the eldest, who can earn about fifty yuan in wages, the third, who earns about fifty yuan in salary from teaching, about twenty yuan from mountain products like palm fiber, firewood, bamboo, and wood, and about twenty yuan a year from a cow giving birth to a calf, for a total of about one hundred and forty yuan, to cover miscellaneous expenses and supplement the grain shortfall. They owe eighty silver jiao in debt. Last year, the grandmother, mother, eldest sister-in-law, and two nephews all died. What's left are the three brothers, the second and third each with a wife, plus the eldest's mother-in-law. Now six people to feed. In the March land distribution, it was calculated for nine people (at that time there was a newborn son, a newborn nephew, and a newly married eldest sister-in-law, but they all died in the second half of this year). Each person got five and a half shi, for a total of fifty shi and five dou. They had thirty-two shi of their own, and were allocated eighteen shi and five dou, all of it bad land. It is currently being redistributed. The investigation is complete, but the distribution has not yet been carried out. With the downfall of the landlords and rich peasants, they are no longer building houses. The eldest lost his job and switched to farming. A new village people's school