(1) Confiscate all public lands and the lands of the landlord class, to be owned by the Xingguo government of the representatives of workers, peasants, and soldiers, and distributed to peasants with no land or little land for them to cultivate and use. (2) All public lands and the lands of the landlord class, after being confiscated and distributed by the worker-peasant-soldier government, are prohibited from being bought or sold. (3) Quantitative standards for land distribution: (1) Based on population, with equal distribution among men, women, old, and young. (2) Based on labor power, those who can labor receive twice as much land as those who cannot.
Of the two standards above, the first is the main one; in special circumstances, the second standard may be applied.
Reasons for adopting the first standard: (A) Before facilities for caring for the old and nurturing the young are complete, if the old and young are allotted too little land, they will surely be unable to sustain their livelihood. (B) Calculating land distribution based on population is relatively simple and convenient. (C) Households without old or young members are very few.
At the same time, although the old and young lack the ability to cultivate, after they receive land, the government may also assign them appropriate public duties such as serving in communications. (4) Regional standards for land distribution: (1) Distribution by xiang as the unit. (2) Distribution by several xiang as the unit (such as the Xiaojiang District in Yongxin). (3) Distribution by qu as the unit.
Of the three standards above, the first is the main one.
In special circumstances, the second and third standards may be applied. (5) Method for distributing mountain forests: (1) Tea mountains and firewood mountains shall be distributed for cultivation and use on an equal basis with the xiang as the unit, following the method for land distribution. (2) Bamboo and timber mountains shall be owned by the Soviet government.
However, peasants may enjoy the use of bamboo and timber after obtaining permission from the Soviet government.
For up to fifty pieces of bamboo or timber, permission must be obtained from the xiang Soviet government; for up to one hundred pieces, permission must be obtained from the qu Soviet government; for over one hundred pieces, permission must be obtained from the xian Soviet government. (3) All bamboo and timber shall be sold by the xian Soviet government, and the money obtained shall be at the disposal of the higher-level Soviet government. (6) Collection of the land tax: (1) The land tax is divided into three types according to production conditions: (i) fifteen percent; (ii) ten percent; (iii) five percent.
Of the three methods above, the first is the main one.
In special circumstances, with the approval of the higher-level Soviet, the second and third methods may be applied respectively. (2) In case of natural disasters or other special circumstances, a report may be submitted to the higher-level Soviet government for approval to be exempt from the land tax. (3) The land tax shall be collected by the xian Soviet government and placed at the disposal of the higher-level Soviet government. (7) Rural handicraft workers, if they are willing to be allotted land, may be allotted half the amount of land received by each peasant. (8) Officers and soldiers of the Red Army and the Red Guards, and people serving in the government and all other public organs, shall all be allotted land in the same amount as that received by peasants, to be cultivated by people hired by the Soviet government on their behalf.
Note: This was promulgated in Xingguo, in southern Jiangxi, four months after the previous land law was formulated, when the Red Army had moved from the Jinggang Mountains.
It contains one important change, which is that "confiscate all land" was changed to "confiscate public land and the land of the landlord class."
This was a correction in principle.
But the other points were not yet changed; these were changed only in 1930.
These two land laws are preserved to show the development of our understanding of the land struggle.