Corrupt officials and bureaucrats, local bullies and evil gentry are products of feudal society, that is, the foundation of warlord politics.
Although the National Revolutionary forces in Hunan have superficially overthrown warlord politics, there are still many corrupt officials and bureaucrats, local bullies and evil gentry existing as its social foundation.
However, due to the rise of the people's forces, this foundation has already begun to shake.
During this period of shaking, local bullies and evil gentry, corrupt officials and bureaucrats, in order to maintain their last political and social status, are desperately colluding with each other, using all kinds of divisive tactics, slanderous oppression, and even infiltrating the Kuomintang and peasant associations, plotting to eliminate revolutionary forces and restore warlord rule.
The reactionary phenomenon is obvious.
Therefore, the national liberation movement and this kind of reactionary force are absolutely incompatible.
We must fundamentally eradicate corrupt officials and bureaucrats, local bullies and evil gentry, and then the victory of the national revolution will be guaranteed, and the foundation of imperialism and warlords will be fundamentally eliminated.
This is the most urgent task at present, which all revolutionary people should pay close attention to.
Since the development of the peasant movement, local bullies and evil gentry in various counties have risen up to oppress and sabotage.
The most prominent facts are: the Yuebei massacre by Zhao Hengti, Liao Yunyuan, Li Mingjiu, Zhao Guisheng, etc., burning more than 110 peasant houses, shooting three people, detaining dozens, and countless people being driven away and forced to flee.
In Xiangtan, Yan Rongqiu commanded the Eighteen Arhats, manipulating county politics, controlling the three halls and four offices, and embezzling military pay and donations to enrich their own pockets.
Cheng Xusheng, the head of the Xiyi District Militia Bureau in the county, relied on the power of the rebel Zhao, colluded with the garrison troops, controlled township and village political power, brutally killed good people, sabotaged peasant associations, framed association members, and plotted to murder peasant leader Mao Zedong and more than 30 others, and even colluded with the Xishan Conference faction to plot to resist the revolutionary movement.
In Zhuzhou, the county, Wang Xiaokui, Wang Shengwu, etc., used the militia to collude with the rebel Ye's troops, falsely accusing and killing peasant leader Wang Xianzong.
Tao Binchuan, Liao Jimei, Liu Youqing, etc. in Ningxiang secretly aided the rebel Ye's military pay, encroached on public funds, united with the militia, and responded to Zhao's sabotage of the Northern Expedition.
Yang Zhize and Liu Zhao, etc., used the militia to brutally kill hundreds of good people and wound peasant leader Mei Yecheng.
Lei Zheng, Peng Renshou, Li Rongju, Li Gengmu, etc. in Guiyang led the militia, occupied the county seat, disbanded the party headquarters, shot workers, and plotted to beat peasant leader He Han.
Wu Yiqing, Li Ziru, Liu Yousan, Deng Yuanxun, etc. in Leiyang bought ruffians, impersonated the name of the peasant association, burned government agencies, and attempted to frame others; local bully Deng Yanbin privately printed petitions and organized rural peasant associations in an attempt to sabotage the peasant movement; a local bully Li in the northern township bought peasant bandits, arbitrarily changed the township peasant association to a district peasant association, and arbitrarily carved seals, and even privately issued a large number of township peasant association preparatory committee appointment letters.
Zhang Qisheng, a bad gentry in Hengyang, colluded with He Zhenchu, the head of the militia bureau, to encircle and arrest peasants and peasant leaders; local bully Yang Zhuxuan gathered hundreds of thugs, arrested district executive committee members, and colluded with the garrison troops to destroy various public law groups; Luo Fengyi, the head of the militia bureau, relied on his power to oppress peasants, gathered thugs, tied up and beat peasant leaders.
Fu Daonan, Luo Chang, Zhang Yinyuan, Sun Ruiyi, Fu Zhihuan, etc. in Huarong colluded with bandits, extorted the people, divided up public funds, formed an alliance of eight chiefs, controlled county politics, monopolized lawsuits, and framed peasants.
Zhao Zicheng, Zhao Suntang, Zhao Di Yu, Zhao Chongzheng, etc. in Xiangyin, relying on the power of the rebel Zhao, controlled the militia, charged high rents and high interest rates, and exploited the peasants, who had in fact become serfs; Ren Bingkui, instructed Ren Jueqiao, colluded with ruffians, sabotaged peasant associations, and beat special commissioners; bad gentry Feng Mengqiu forcibly disbanded peasant associations and drove away those who worked hard in the peasant movement.
Huang Jiannong, Gong Haifan, Gong Jinbang, Liu Zhongfan, Chen Haoqing in Yiyang organized a pseudo-party headquarters, commanded assassination squads, controlled county politics, sabotaged the revolution, embezzled public funds, and oppressed the people; Liu Menglong and Cao Yingchun, the heads of the militia bureau, relied on the power of the militia, arbitrarily killed villagers, manipulated local administration, occupied old peasant association houses, destroyed peasant houses, and oppressed peasants.
Cao Youlong, a well-known local bully and evil gentry in Chen County, etc., used the party to collect money and brutally killed party members; Li Bingru disrupted peasant associations, destroyed party headquarters, bought living reactionaries, and sent people to kill Li Gu, the chairman of the district peasant association committee.
Cheng Xiluo, Peng Shizhen, Zhu Taichu, He Shiqu, etc. in Xiangxiang secretly communicated with Zhao and Ye, sabotaged the revolution, disrupted the rear; organized the Three Parties, the Property Protection Party, the Township and Town Joint Association, and assassination squads, colluded with the militia bureau, destroyed the Yongfeng Party headquarters, burned peasant houses, sabotaged the peasant movement, plotted to murder Zeng Ce, a member of the executive committee of the peasant association, controlled county politics, embezzled public funds, and monopolized lawsuits.
Xiao Jiepan, the head of the Xiali Militia Bureau, colluded with local bullies and evil gentry, suppressed the peasant movement, shielded local bully Xiong Xiangyuan, forcibly transported grain, arrested peasant association members, privately tortured them, abused criminal law, brutally killed more than 110 good people, controlled the militia bureau, embezzled local public funds, manipulated township power, and arbitrarily decided township affairs.
Wang Zemin, the head of the Jiahe Militia Bureau, etc., led militia soldiers to brutally kill peasants and shield gambling.
Yang Rui, etc. in Dao County supported their cronies, controlled the Kuomintang county party headquarters, assassinated Chen Qinghe, a special commissioner of the provincial party headquarters, and oppressed the peasant movement.
Mei Shi and Zhao Xunhua, etc. in Hanshou bullied the good and weak.
Ouyang Yuqi, a local bully in Changning, charged high rents and high interest rates, used large scales and small measures; bad gentry Li Xicheng and Tan Fengtong sabotaged the organization of peasant associations.
Yuan Xifu, Yuan Zhixiang, etc. in Yuanjiang promoted "Three Loves Doctrine," used the militia, bribed镖手, and offered a reward of 800 yuan to murder peasant movement specialists.
Li Guanqi, a county councilor and president of the Changshou Chamber of Commerce in Pingjiang County, was the leader of the local bullies and evil gentry in Changshou.
On the anniversary of Sun Yat-sen's death, he directed hooligans to parade and demonstrate, shouting slogans such as "Down with the peasant and worker class" and "Oppose the Three People's Principles."
When the Northern Expeditionary Army fought against the enemy army in Pingjiang, he was commissioned by the enemy to organize a sentry team and a defense regiment, mobilized the local area, hoping to sabotage the Northern Expedition, and organized an assassination party to plot to kill Kuomintang members and peasant movement leaders.
Wang Xinzai in the county is the head of the Xiantan Altar, habitually oppressing the people, controlling county property and politics, and in January of last year, organized a Committee to Suppress the Reds, prohibiting joining the Kuomintang; Shen Yinqing and Yao Xuzai are truly local ruffians and evil gentry, monopolizing lawsuits, arbitrarily deciding township affairs, oppressing the people, and sabotaging peasant associations.
Li Jingxian in Linwu used the militia bureau to monopolize township administration, poisoned and killed Ning Jiaoren, a member of the peasant and worker committee, forced the disbandment of the district party headquarters, colluded with Liu Yihou, a special commissioner for raising debts, to collect excessive amounts and engage in fraud, and allowed soldiers to extort.
Chen Shengan in Xinning embezzled public funds and suppressed education; Lei Tengjiao and Hua Weihan colluded with the county government, privately used torture, falsely accused good people as bandits, and extorted huge sums of money.
Xu Debao, etc. in Anxiang colluded with the county magistrate, relied on the power of the militia, oppressed peasants, sent out militia to sell grain, up to 4.8 dou per mu, collected more than 800 dan of grain, and when peasants requested a reduction, they not only refused, but brutally killed more than 110 peasants, including Xu Zhengqing.
Wang Yisheng and Lu Juecheng, the chief of staff and fundraising committee members of the rebel Zou Yaoren in Liuyang, occupied the county militia bureau, coerced the officialdom, controlled county politics, oppressed the people, and sabotaged revolutionary groups, and also planned everything for Zou Yaoren and extracted military pay; bad gentry Huang Zhaozhu and Huang Dawu controlled township administration, colluded with local ruffians, Liu Rensheng, organized a fake peasant association, used peasants, and sabotaged peasant associations; Liu Shengshi colluded with Xie Wenbing to extort merchants and embezzle military pay and donations.
Lou Shaode, the head of the Zhenxi Militia Bureau, oppressed the people, sabotaged peasant associations, arrested and beat Kuomintang member Liu Jieren, publicly flogged him 300 times, shot good people, and absconded with militia guns; local bully Wang Yuanwan exploited peasants with high interest rates, oppressed peasants, and forced peasant women to death.
Lin Juqing, the chief of Qingtai Township in Changsha, was usually tyrannical in the township.
Recently, due to raising public bonds, he engaged in fraud, and even embezzled flood relief funds and withheld local school funds.
He styled himself as a local bully and evil gentry, prohibiting local peasants from joining the peasant association, colluding with the rebel Peng Zuzhi, and oppressing the poor.
Zheng Shuren colluded with the rebel Wu, promoted counter-revolution, and insulted revolutionary leaders Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing; Luo Yitao occupied land, defrauded tenants of approval prices, and oppressed tenant farmers; Ding Qiongzhi, the head of the Hexi Town Militia Sub-bureau, nicknamed Ding Si Bandit, controlled the bureau for six years, used the bureau to collect money, and the finances have never been made public.
His family's wealth has exceeded 10,000.
He usually arbitrarily arrested good people, abused criminal law, falsely accused peasant association members as bandits, and wantonly oppressed them.
Wang Peng in Yongming is currently acting as a militia guarantor, arbitrarily deciding township affairs, sabotaging the peasant movement, and arbitrarily extorting under the name of militia donations; Wang Yun, currently acting as the head of the militia, sabotages the peasant movement, monopolizes a township, and shields gambling.
Recently, he even mixed into the Kuomintang and was elected as an illegal member of the county party executive committee.
Tang Jingshe in Hengshan controlled county politics, monopolized township affairs, encroached on public funds, oppressed good people, opposed the national revolutionary movement, printed books, and plotted to sabotage the revolution.
He is now colluding with the Xishan Conference faction and secretly came to the provincial capital to plot to disrupt the rear of the Northern Expedition; bad gentry Luo Ruqin plotted to sabotage the Northern Expedition when it began.
When our army retreated to Hengzhou, he falsely accused peasants Xia Guantao, Peng Huangmei, etc. of being bandits, and said that the peasant association was a bandit party.
The local bullies and evil gentry mentioned above in various counties are only the most prominent ones, and the minor ones are not recorded at all.
They must all be eradicated in order to truly eliminate the remnants of feudalism.
As for corrupt officials and bureaucrats, the investigation is not thorough, and the names are omitted.
Only by uniting the peasant movement and the citizen movement can we overthrow corrupt officials and bureaucrats and build a clean government.

Resolution on the Issue of Rural Autonomy

2. Now the democratic movement of peasants in the countryside has become widespread, and the foundation of the feudal special class has begun to shake.
However, this special class still occupies its feudal front and makes a final struggle.
Under this situation, the so-called "rural disputes" problem arises.
In fact, this is an inevitable process from feudal order to democratic order.
If we do not go through the current struggle, we will never be able to destroy the old feudal order and achieve the goal of building a new democratic order; at the same time, the rural economy will be trapped in a feudal economic state for a long time and will not be able to achieve a new development.

3. In order to guarantee the victory of the democratic movement, we must develop revolutionary democracy and build democratic autonomy.
This kind of democratic autonomy belongs to the general public in the countryside.
Feudal remnants and all counter-revolutionary elements are of course not allowed to participate, and the way to realize this kind of democratic autonomy is to hold village meetings and establish complete rural autonomous organs.

4. The village meeting is the highest power organ of rural autonomy.
Its mission is to gather various public forces in the countryside, establish a real foundation for democratic revolution, realize the demands of the villagers, and develop the rural economy.
The organization of the village meeting should be a general meeting of all villagers in the lowest-level autonomous area, and in the high-level autonomous area, it should be organized by representatives elected by the general meeting of all villagers in the low-level autonomous area.

5. The rural autonomous organs should be produced by the village meeting and adopt a committee system.
High-level organs should carry out projects such as food for the people, finance, education, agriculture, transportation, water conservancy, forestry, self-defense, relief, arbitration, and investigation.
For the above-mentioned projects, special persons should be appointed as directors according to local conditions.
And under the autonomous committee, various project committees should be established as organs for discussion.
Low-level organs should formulate their organizations in consideration of local conditions.

6. In order to realize the new autonomous system, the peasant association should invite other revolutionary public organizations to organize rural autonomy preparatory organs.

7. The personnel of the old autonomous organs at all levels should be re-elected by the villagers' meeting before the implementation of the new autonomous system, and should not be monopolized by the bad gentry.

Resolution on the Issue of Rural Self-Defense

1. The militia bureaus or defense regiments in various counties of Hunan are in fact mostly the armed forces of local bullies and evil gentry and illegal landlords.
In the warlord era, they directly colluded with warlords and hindered the progress of the revolution; even in the current revolutionary upsurge, they still dare to resist the revolutionary forces in many ways and sabotage the peasant movement.
This kind of reactionary armed force that disturbs the people and wastes money is a kind of rural warlord, and has completely lost the meaning of defending the township and preventing bandits.
If it is not urgently transformed, it will shake the foundation of the revolution and lead to rural disputes, which is very dangerous.
In order to realize the self-defense organization of the real people, all militia bureaus or defense regiments should be abolished, and a household-by-household regiment should be established.

2. The township household-by-household regiment is under the command and supervision of the township autonomous committee and performs the duties of protecting democracy and local order.
The county militia general bureau is changed to the household-by-household regiment general bureau, which is under the command and supervision of the county government.

3. Each household or several households in the township household-by-household regiment sends one person, and the total number of soldiers is determined according to the needs of the local area.

4. The county household-by-household regiment general bureau has one director and one deputy director, and the township household-by-household regiment has one director, and several captains and squad leaders.
The director of the county household-by-household regiment general bureau is elected by the county people's meeting and appointed by the county government.
Before the county people's meeting is convened, it is elected by the county peasant association together with the county's revolutionary public organizations; the director of the township household-by-household regiment is elected by the township autonomous committee, and the captains and squad leaders are proposed by the director and appointed with the consent of the township autonomous committee.

5. The household-by-household regiment must conduct regular drills and political training.

6. The household-by-household regiment may set up standing soldiers according to local needs, but should not set up redundant personnel, resulting in waste of expenses.

7. The expenses of the household-by-household regiment, such as training equipment and standing office, are paid from the original militia expenses.
If there was no militia bureau before and it is now necessary to establish a household-by-household regiment, the expenses are raised by the township autonomous committee with the consent of the township people's meeting.

8. The guns, clothing and other items of the original militia bureau or defense regiment should be transferred to the household-by-household regiment.

9. Before the militia bureau or defense regiment is reorganized into a household-by-household regiment, the following transitional measures should be implemented: The director of the militia bureau or the head of the defense regiment should be re-elected by the township people's meeting; the director of the county militia bureau or the head of the county defense regiment should be elected by the county peasant association together with the county's various revolutionary public organizations, and commissioned by the county magistrate.
Political training must be carried out for the staff and soldiers of the militia bureau or defense regiment.

10.
The only duty of the militia bureau or defense regiment is to defend against bandits.
Except for fighting bandits in battle, they must not kill or torture anyone.
The militia bureau or defense regiment cannot accept civil and criminal lawsuits.

11. The expenses of the militia bureau or defense regiment must have a budget and final account and be made public.

12. The government must disband and punish the militia bureaus or defense regiments that oppress peasants.

Resolution on the Issue of Land Rent

The conference heard reports from various places on land rent, listed below:

Changsha: The highest rent is 70%, the average is 50%.

Hengyang: Each mu of land can yield 3.5 shi of grain, and the rent is 1.6 shi to 2 shi, with each shi of rent valued at 5 to 7 yuan.

Hengshan: Each mu can yield 1.5 shi of grain, and the rent is 1.3 shi, with each shi of rent valued at 3-4 yuan to 8-9 yuan.

Yueyang: 4-6 rent, the landlord gets 60%, the tenant gets 40%, with each mu valued at 4 yuan.

Xiangtan: The tenant farmer's income accounts for 30% of the harvest, the landlord's income accounts for 70%, with each mu mortgaged for 5 to 8 taels of silver.

Ningxiang: Each 100 dan of grain land can only harvest 60 to 90 shi of dry grain, and the rent is 50 to 60 shi, with each 100 dan of grain land valued at at least 100 to 200 yuan.

Zhuping Road: Each mu yields 3 shi to 4 shi of grain, and the rent is 1.8 shi to 2.1 shi, with each mu mortgaged for an average of 5-6 yuan.
Some landlords, seeing the price of grain rising, have changed their method, and the amount of rent is based on the price of grain harvested from the land each year.
For example, if the harvest is worth 100 yuan, then the rent must be 100 yuan.

Linxiang: Each shi of land is divided into 4 mu, yielding 16-17 shi of dry grain, and the rent is 10 shi to 11 shi.
The landlord gets 60% and the tenant gets 40%, with each shi of rent mortgaged for an average of 5 to 6 yuan.

Shaoyang: There is a kind of fixed rent "Please Cultivate Letter," which states "No increase or decrease for good or bad harvests."
If the "Please Cultivate Letter" states 10 shi, and the autumn harvest is only 8 shi, the tenant must compensate for 2 shi of rent.

Nan County: Each mu of land is mortgaged for at least 1.3 yuan, and at most 5.6 yuan, with some reaching 10 yuan.

Chen County: In addition to paying the deposit, you must also give gifts such as chickens, ducks, meat, fruits, and pastries.

Xiangxiang: In famine years, the landlord gets 70% and the tenant gets 30%; in good years, the landlord gets 90% and the tenant gets 10%, with each shi of rent valued at 2 yuan to 3.5 yuan.
In addition, there are the following regulations: 1. Must do obligatory work for the landlord; 2. Must send a bundle of rice straw for each shi of rent; 3. Must send gifts to the landlord on the three festivals.
The same is true for the introducer, otherwise the introducer will declare to the landlord that he is not responsible, causing the tenant to be evicted.

Yongming: Each mu of land yields 1 shi to 2 shi of grain, and the tenant can only get 10%. For land planted with beans, the tenant's income is even less.
For land planted with ginger, 60% of the harvest is paid as rent.

Xupu: For the upper and middle types of land, the landlord gets 60% and the tenant gets 40%, but in the event of natural disasters, the landlord gets 80-90% and the tenant only gets 10-20%, so there is borrowing grain to pay rent.

Yizhang: Money or silver must be paid before cultivating the land.

From the above materials, it can be seen that the income of the peasants' year-round hard work is mostly plundered by the landlords due to heavy rent, heavy deposits, and various illegal regulations.
They must rely on the hard work of their wives, children, and daughters, regardless of sunny or rainy days, day and night, picking firewood, collecting manure, watching cattle, and spinning to maintain their difficult lives of being cold and hungry, barely avoiding death; therefore, agricultural production cannot progress, the amount of abandoned land is increasing day by day, and peasants are becoming unemployed day by day.
Their only way out is to become soldiers or bandits, which further creates warlord politics.
At the same time, the reduction in rural purchasing power also affects the difficulty of developing domestic industry.
The large amount of land rent that landlords obtain from exploiting peasants is not used for rural production, so that the rural economy has a tendency to gradually decline.

Due to the above situation, the conference, in order to relieve the suffering of peasants, increase agricultural production, and increase the purchasing power of peasants, especially supports the resolution of the Chinese Kuomintang to reduce land rent for tenant farmers, and stipulates the detailed methods for improving land rent and the relationship between landlords and tenants as follows:

1. The contract between the landlord and the tenant should be agreed upon by both parties.
However, because peasants have long been under the prestige of the landlord, they have to accept the terms of the landlord.
The peasant association is the organ representing the peasants, so the contract between the landlord and the tenant should be drafted by the peasant association of each county in consideration of local conditions; after being approved by the provincial association, it should be filed with the government.
Both the landlord and the tenant must abide by it, and if additional items need to be added, the permission of the local peasant association must be obtained.

2. The amount of rent should be reduced.
The standard for rent reduction should be based on the nature, size, fertility, amount of sideline business, amount of deposit, and whether there is interest on the rent, reducing the amount of rent by 5% to 30%.

3. Most peasants are local natives, and there is no need to pay a deposit.
For example, there is no deposit system in Guiyang, Lingling, Shaoyang, Xupu, and Mayang counties.
In places where the deposit system is adopted, poor peasants cannot rent land due to lack of deposit, which becomes an unsolvable unemployment problem in rural areas.
Therefore, in all places, unless it is absolutely necessary, the deposit system should be abolished.
Even before the deposit system can be abolished, interest should be calculated at the local interest rate, and there should be no interest-free deposits.
The maximum limit for deposits can be stipulated by the county association in consideration of local conditions, and filed with the government after being approved by the provincial association.

4. In addition to the regular land rent stipulated in the contract, all kinds of illegal regulations should be abolished.

5. Landlords must not evict tenants without reason or excuse, and especially must not evict tenants because of the actions of peasant organizations.
If peasants suffer losses due to eviction, the losses should be compensated by the landlord.

Resolution on Eliminating Usury

Under the current social system, it is of course necessary to pay interest on money and grain borrowed from others, but local bullies and evil gentry, unscrupulous merchants, and illegal landlords are accustomed to taking advantage of the urgent need for money by poor peasants to engage in usury.
Poor people are forced by usury to sell their wives and children, or commit suicide.
Even if they are able to repay the debt, they will soon become extremely poor.
This kind of inhumane thing should absolutely not exist under a revolutionary government.

According to reports from representatives from various places: a monthly interest rate of 10% is almost a common phenomenon in 75 counties of the province, called "adding one big"; there is also borrowing 9 yuan of silver with a monthly interest of 1 yuan, called "returning one after taking away one from nine."
In Nan County, Anhua, Huarong, and other counties, there is a monthly interest rate of 110%. In Cili, Yongming, Chengbu, and other counties, the monthly interest rate is 30%. In Leiyang, there is an interest rate of "returning three after taking away one from nine," that is, borrowing 9 yuan of principal and repaying 10.3 yuan after one month.
The common interest rate in the countryside of Changde is borrowing 7 jiao of foreign currency and repaying 1 yuan of foreign currency after one month.
Taoyuan has "lonely old money," which doubles every month.
For example, borrowing 1 yuan of foreign currency and repaying 2 yuan of foreign currency after one month, and repaying 4 yuan of foreign currency after two months, and so on.
In Cili, the interest on grain is 1 dou per string of money per year.
The "mortgage dry rent" in Yueyang is borrowing 4 yuan of foreign currency and repaying 1 shi of interest grain per year.
In Yiyang and other counties, there is borrowing 1 dan of grain in May and collecting 2 dan of grain in August.
In Chen County, there is water grain, that is, repaying 3 dou of interest grain per year for every 1 yuan of foreign currency borrowed.
In Xinning, there is borrowing 10,000 qian of money and paying 1 shi of interest grain per year.
In Hengyang, there is a bidding grain interest, that is, borrowing 1 shi of grain in April and May of the previous year, calculating it as cash at the highest price, and in July and August of the following year, calculating the grain income at the lowest price.
In addition to the double exploitation of the grain price, the monthly interest rate is still calculated at 6-7%. This kind of interest can be said to be tripled in three months.
In Linxiang, there is an interest rate of 1 jiao per yuan per day, and compound interest is calculated every ten days.
According to this calculation, borrowing 1 yuan of foreign currency and repaying a total of 8 yuan of principal and interest after one month.
In Chengbu, there is a saying of "8 dou for 9 years and 30 shi," that is, borrowing 8 dou of grain and repaying 30 shi of grain after 9 years.
As for the lowest interest rate, in Yuanjiang, Nan County, Changde, Yueyang, Zhijiang, Cili, Anhua, and other counties, the monthly interest rate is 5%. In Huarong, Taoyuan, and other counties, the monthly interest rate is 4%. In Xiangxiang, Dao County, Xinning, Linxiang, and other counties, the monthly interest rate is 3%. These are the minimum numbers for borrowing interest.
In the above counties, it is impossible to borrow at a lower interest rate.

The conference believes that this kind of usury is extremely inappropriate.
The associations in various counties must stipulate appropriate interest rates based on local conditions, and after being approved by the provincial association, the government will file it and issue an order for implementation.
The most severe usury should be prohibited by the government, and the interest rate stipulated in the new program of the Kuomintang should be realized in the shortest period, not exceeding 20%.

Resolution on the Issue of Land Tax

1. Although the regular land tax is not very heavy, the surcharges are extremely heavy.
According to reports from representatives from various places, the surcharges in Chaling exceed the regular tax by more than one time.
In Ningxiang, for every tael of regular tax, there are surcharges for education donations, militia, road shares, and agricultural and forestry management, totaling 4 yuan, and autonomous expenses for each 都 ranging from 1 yuan to 2 yuan.
In Wugang, the surcharges exceed the regular tax by 2 times.
In Xiangyin, every tael of regular tax is still 1 tael, and the total including surcharges is 9 yuan.
In Xinning, every tael has an additional 11,000+ wen.
Although the surcharges in Hengshan have been reduced by the resolution of the peasant association, they are still as high as 2 jiao 8 fen 7 li per mu.
In Changsha, every tael has an additional 3 yuan 6 jiao, and in Changde, every tael has an additional 4 yuan 8 jiao.
In Linxiang, every regular amount of 3 yuan 7 jiao 5 fen has additional items such as militia, education donations, and police donations, totaling 5 yuan.
In Lingling, every shi of grain has an additional militia of 2 yuan 5 jiao, and in Yongming, every tael has an additional 6+ yuan.
In Xintian, every tael has an additional 8 yuan.
In Lixian, every tael has an additional 6 yuan to 9 yuan.
In Hengyang, every tael has an additional 10+ yuan.
In Qiyang, every tael has an additional 18 yuan.
In Lanshan, every tael has an additional 26 yuan in small foreign currency.
In Ningyuan, every tael has an additional 100+ strings.
In Yizhang, every tael has an additional: 15-16 yuan for the near-city regiment, 24 yuan for the Baisha regiment, and 36 yuan for the Huangsha regiment.
The above counties all far exceed the regular tax, ranging from exceeding the regular tax by one time to 36 yuan per tael, which is shocking.
In addition, Xinhua has an additional militia fee of 2 yuan 5 jiao per tael, and Taoyuan and Yongxing have an additional 2 yuan 4 jiao per tael.
Chen County has an additional 2 yuan, and Xiangxiang has an additional 1 yuan 8 jiao per tael.
Chen County has an additional 1 yuan 6 jiao per tael, which is still a county with relatively light surcharges.

The remedy is that the peasant associations of various counties should invite revolutionary public organizations of various counties to clear up the amount of land tax surcharges and their uses.
All non-local public welfare legitimate expenses should be abolished, and those belonging to legitimate expenses should also be reduced as much as possible.
As for those with very light surcharges in the past, and when it is necessary for local public welfare undertakings, they must be increased only after being recognized by the county peasant association and other revolutionary public organizations.

2. Poor peasants owe land tax, which exists everywhere.
Some fall on the grain cabinet, some fall into the hands of local militia guarantors, and some fall into the hands of family clan leaders.
These grain cabinets, militia guarantors, and clan leaders, in the name of owing money and grain, exploit the debtors with heavy interest.
If the extortion is not successful, they often follow up with the coercion of yamen runners.
Debtors often suffer significant losses and insults as a result.
This conference has decided that before the National Government rules Hunan, the land tax owed by the poor over the years, no matter how much, should be exempted by the government.

3. The boundaries of land are unclear, resulting in many people having more land and less grain, or less land and more grain, and even having grain without land, or having land without grain.
The cunning ones get heavy profits, and the good ones are exploited.
Also, because the boundaries of land are not accurate, when the land changes hands, the old owner arbitrarily calculates his land as less than more.
Invisibly, the new owner calculates the rent according to the mu, and in one transfer, the rent of the tenant farmers is increased several times.
The government should be urged to clear the land, determine the tax rate, abolish landless money and grain, and prohibit flying grain, in order to alleviate the suffering of the affected peasants.

4. All illegal regulations regarding the collection of land tax, such as money water heavy interest, wiping out the tail number, etc., are unreasonable exploitation and should be abolished.

5. In recent years, water and drought disasters have been extremely serious.
In the disaster-stricken areas, the peasants are extremely distressed and unable to pay land tax.
In these areas, land tax should be exempted or reduced in consideration of the severity of the disaster.

6. Land tax should be collected using a progressive method.

Resolution on the Issue of Mu Donation

The mu donation collected by the county governments, militia bureaus, or local autonomous organs controlled by corrupt officials and bureaucrats, local bullies and evil gentry is calculated uniformly according to the land.
This method makes it extremely difficult for self-cultivating farmers and semi-self-cultivating farmers who are only self-sufficient or not even self-sufficient to bear, especially when it is apportioned to tenant farmers, it is even more unreasonable exploitation.

The conference decided:

1. Mu donations must not be collected unless they are for local public welfare and recognized by the majority of the people.

2. Self-cultivating farmers with more than 20 mu of land pay mu donations, and tenant farmers do not pay mu donations, but those with poor landlords and rich tenants with heavy deposits and light rents are not subject to this restriction.

3. The collection of mu donations uses a progressive tax method.

Resolution on the Issue of Likin

Imperialism forced China to establish a tariff agreement.
Due to the constraints of this unequal treaty, China cannot adopt a protective tariff system in order to develop its own industry.
However, what makes China even more of a colony is the likin system created by China itself.
Foreign goods entering the country pay 5% of their value and a 2.5% transit tax.

--- Notes

1. In the current rural autonomous areas, there are generally three levels, such as the 都, 团, and 牌甲 in Changsha; the 都, 区, and 甲 in Hengyang; the 区, 保, and 庙 in Baoqing; the 镇, 保, and 甲 in Changde; the 都, 团, and 甲 in Cili; and the 区, 团, and 小团 in Chen County, and the 都, 甲, and 团 in Xiangtan.
There are also those divided into two levels or four levels.
The organization of the old autonomous organs at all levels was originally a feudal thing.
Recently, it has completely become a tool for the landlord class to collude with warlords and rule the villagers.
Although the provincial and county politics have changed, they still control township administration and oppress the villagers as before.
Among the autonomous organizations at all levels, the high-level organization, that is, the level close to the county, is the center of this group's control and monopoly, using militia armed forces to support their various special powers to oppress the good and weak, execute the innocent, encroach on public funds, and levy taxes and donations.
The organizations at lower levels are mostly the pawns of these people, so that the villagers in the territory—especially the peasants—are all under their control.
The peasants regard this kind of organ as the "first yamen" or the "iron threshold."
This kind of feudal class organization is the real foundation of imperialism and warlords.
The current peasant movement is a movement in which democratic revolutionary forces attack this kind of feudal force.
This kind of democratic movement must be combined to overthrow the special classes in urban and rural areas, and then the national revolution in China can be considered a considerable success.