LENIN MISCELLANY.
vlsnio. As for Comrade Trotsky's position, Vladimir Ilyich was misled in this case: Comrade Trotsky was introduced into the editorial board of "N. Mir" precisely by the internationalist group.
8)
Pavlov - P. V. Berzin, Bolshevik, Latvian, who held an internationalist position, now a member of the Soviet representation in London.
4) Internationalist—an organ published by a group of American internationalists united in the so-called League of Socialist Propaganda.
5) See note 2 to letter 33.
e) S. P. — American Socialist Party — the Socialist Party of America, led by Hillquit — an opportunist and chauvinist.
7) Under the pseudonym "Nota Bene," P. I. Bukharin placed an article in issue No. 6 of the journal "International of Youth" on the question of the state, (in which he criticized the "generally accepted," in fact, Kautskyan interpretation of Marx's theory of the state.
It was this very article that prompted Vladimir Ilyich to engage more closely with the corresponding question. From the article being prepared by Vladimir Ilyich, which he mentions here, his work "State and Revolution" grew. In issue 2 of "Sb. S.-D." in the note "International of Youth," Vladimir Ilyich noted Bukharin's mistakes.
See Collected Works of Lenin, vol. XIII, pp. 460-461).
8) See note 4 to letter 40.
®) Bourderon and Merrheim - French delegates to the Zimmerwald Conference: the former from the coopers' union, the latter from the metalworkers' union; the latter is now in the company of social-traitors.
10) Turati—leader of the Italian opportunists.
" ) The votes of Bourderon, Merrheim, and Raffin-Dujans, the resolutions of the Italian Socialist Party, the statements of Turati and Kautsky,—in which Vladimir Ilyich stated the symptoms of the "death" of Zimmerwald,—are examined and illuminated in detail by him in the article "Bourgeois Pacifism and Socialist Pacifism," printed below.
1a) Meeting of the Central Committee of the Party. Vladimir Ilyich expressed himself in more detail about the position and role of R. Grimm in the "Open Letter to Charles Naine, Member of the International Socialist Commission in Berne" written by him somewhat earlier than this letter. (See Collected Works of Lenin, vol. XIII, pp. 501 - 5'»9).
It is necessary to familiarize oneself with this "Open Letter" in order to clarify the corresponding places of the reproduced letter.
13, "Züricher Volksrecht" — organ of the Swiss Socialist Party.

5-III.1917.
A. Kollontai.
Dear A. M.! Newspaper reports speak of the convocation on 12-V of a congress of young people in Sweden to found a new party "on Zimmerwald principles."
I confess, this news especially excites and outrages me. For "Zimmerwald" has clearly gone bankrupt, and a good word serves again to cover up decay! The Zimmerwald majority is Turati and Co., Kautsky with Ledebour, Meerheim—all have moved to the position of social-pacifism, condemned so triumphantly (and so fruitlessly!) in Kienthal. The Manifesto of Kautsky and Co. of 7-I. 1917, a series of resolutions of the Italian Socialist Party, resolutions of Merrheim—Jouhaux 1) and Longuet—Bourderon (Raffin-Dujans 2) in unanimity with Renaudel) 3), is this not the bankruptcy of Zimmerwald? 4) And the Zimmerwald "center"—R. Grimm, who on 7-I.1917 entered into an alliance with the social-patriots of Switzerland to fight against the left!!
Grimm, who scolds social-patriots of all countries except the Switzerland ones, whom he covers up!
*C'est dégoûtant!* 5) I am beside myself with rage at these scoundrels; it is unpleasant to hear them and about them; it is even more unpleasant to think about working together with them. Comedians!
We are going to collect materials for you about this crash of R. Grimm. Answer, can you get "Züricher Volksrecht."
There, in the motives of the referendum and in the resolution of the left, [not a word is deciphered] (11-II.1917) and etc., and etc. You will find the main material.
But the Swedish leftists, I am sure, are in the majority sincere. This is clear. And it is necessary at all costs to help them before 12-V, to understand in advance all the vulgarity of social-pacifism

LENIN MISCELLANY.
and Kautskyism, to help them understand all the rottenness of the Zimmerwald majority, to help them develop a good program and tactics for the new party.
Indeed, we need (all of us, the leftists in Sweden and those who can contact them) to unite, strain all our efforts, help, because the moment in the life of the Swedish party, the Swedish [and Scandinavian] working-class movement is decisive.
Since you read Swedish (and speak it too), a large dose of responsibility falls on you if we understand "internationalism" not in the sense of "it's none of my business."
I am sure that you are doing a great deal. I would like to unite, unite the leftists to help the Swedes at such a difficult moment in their life. Is it possible to organize for this purpose in Christiania, Copenhagen and Stockholm a group of Russian Bolsheviks and leftists who know Swedish and can help? Divide the work: collect the main documents and articles (I was sent Nerman's polemic with Mauritz Västberg in Politiken 6) 28. XI. 1916 on the topic "first a program, then a new party," but I could not understand it); develop our theses to help them; place a series of articles to help them. Swedes who can write in German, French or English could also join such a group.
What do you think, is this possible or not? It's worth bothering about!
In my opinion, it is worthwhile, but from afar, from the side, I, of course, am not in a position to judge. I see only and know in the firmest way that the question of the program and tactics of new socialism, of truly revolutionary Marxism, and not of rotten Kautskyism, is on the agenda everywhere. This is evident in both the Socialist Labour] Party and "The Internationalist" in America, and in the data on Germany (resolutions] of the leftists 7-I. 1917), and on France (pamphlet of the leftists in Paris: "Les socialistes de Zimmerwald et la guerre") and etc.
In Danmark, Trier 7) and others would, I believe, join in the creation of a left, Marxist party in Scandinavia; part of the Norwegian leftists too. The struggle against Branting and Co. is a serious matter: poverty should force them to take a more serious attitude to the questions of the theory and tactics of revolutionary Marxism.
In my opinion, we should move the work of preparation for 12-V immediately
from three sides simultaneously: 1) a group

LEPPY. -----LETTERS TO A. KOLLONTAI.

of help, as mentioned above; 2) groups of Scandinavian leftists: write an article (in Swedish newspapers) about the need to found such groups immediately to prepare a program and tactics for 12-V. 3) — the third is of particular interest to me not because it is the most important (the most important is the initiative from within), but because we can help* here. If, for example, you immediately, after reviewing the main literature of the left and right in Sweden, sketched out on the basis of it theses of the following kind: theoretical] (programmatic) and practical (tactical) disagreements: defense of the fatherland;
the concept of imperialism; the nature of the war; disarmament; social-paciFism; patiopGaal'ny] question; revolution; "mass] actions"-{+dictatorship of the proletariat, civil war.
attitude] to professional] soyuzam; opportunism and the struggle against it, and etc.
Each thesis should include: (a) what the "Essence") said about this by the leftists in Sweden; (b) the rightists there.
On the basis of this, taking into account the position of the leftists in Russia, Germany, America (the main countries in this respect]), we could develop our theses and, publishing them in Swedish, help the Swedes to prepare for 12-V.
Some main places from the most important resolutions and articles of the right and left wings in Sweden should be translated into Russian, or German, or French, or English.
In essence, morally and politically, we are all responsible for the Swedish young people and should help them.
Your position is arch-favorable for such help. Write immediately what you think about this. This letter is perhaps useful to send to Lyudmila along with your considerations.
I shake your hand firmly and wish you every success. Your Lenin.
What kind of figure is Lindhagen 8)? "S.-R."? "Narodnik"? "Radical Socialist"? Hervé?
[Postscript by N. K. Krupskaya
Dear A. M.! Please remind Elena Georgievna of her promise to send me the letters and books that will be sent to her by my relatives. I will write one of these days, and for now I shake your hand firmly. Nadezhda Krupskaya].