X ALL-RUSSIAN CONFERENCE OF THE RCP(b)
DRAFT RESOLUTION ON QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY

1. The fundamental political task of the moment consists in the thorough assimilation and precise implementation of the New Economic Policy by all Party and Soviet workers. The Party regards this policy as firmly established for a long period—measured in years—and calls upon everyone to carry it out with absolute care and conscientiousness.

2. Commodity exchange is placed at the forefront as the principal lever of the New Economic Policy. Proper relations between the proletariat and the peasantry, the establishment of a fully stable form of economic alliance between these two classes during the transition from capitalism to socialism, are impossible without the systematic introduction of commodity exchange—or, more precisely, product exchange—between industry and agriculture.
In particular, the implementation of commodity exchange is essential as an incentive to expand peasant cultivation and to improve peasant farming practices. The enterprise and self‑initiative of local communities must be supported and fostered in every possible way.
Governorates with the largest surpluses of grain should be designated as priority zones for the implementation of commodity exchange.

3. Recognizing that cooperatives constitute the primary mechanism for facilitating commodity exchange, we deem it correct policy to have the Commodity Trade Authorities conclude contracts with cooperative bodies and to transfer to the latter the funds earmarked for commodity exchange, thereby enabling them to fulfill state mandates under the oversight of the state authorities.
Cooperatives should be granted broad scope to undertake procurement activities and to promote the comprehensive development of local industries and the overall revitalization of economic life.
Credit operations supporting cooperatives must be encouraged.
We must combat anarchic commodity exchange—i.e., exchange that eludes all state control and supervision—by concentrating such exchanges primarily in the hands of cooperatives, without in any way restricting legitimate, free trade.
Market research must be conducted.

4. Support for small and medium-sized (private and cooperative) enterprises, which, for the most part, do not require supplies of raw materials, fuel, or food from state reserves.
Allowing state-owned enterprises to be leased to private individuals, cooperatives, artels, and partnerships. Local economic authorities should be empowered to conclude such agreements without requiring approval from higher-level bodies. Each such case must be reported to the Council of Labour and Defence without fail.

5. A revision—in certain respects—of the production programs of large-scale industry, with a view to increasing output of consumer goods and items of everyday use for the rural population.
Enhancing the autonomy and initiative of each major enterprise in the management of financial resources and material assets. A corresponding, carefully formulated resolution must be submitted for approval by the Sovnarkom.

6. Development of a system of in-kind bonuses and, as a pilot project, the introduction of collective supply arrangements.
Establishment of a more equitable distribution of foodstuffs, with the aim of boosting labor productivity.

7. The necessity of preserving and strengthening the apparatus responsible for the swift, complete, and nationwide collection of tax-in-kind—

X ALL-RUSSIAN CONFERENCE OF THE RCP(b)
loga. Ensuring that the food agencies possess the necessary Party authority for this purpose. Preserving and reinforcing the centralization of the food administration apparatus.

8. Concentrating all preceding measures on the practical, combat-oriented task of the current year: to collect no fewer than 400,000,000 poods of grain reserves as a foundation for the restoration of large-scale industry and the implementation of the electrification plan.

9. In principle, adopt the draft mandate of the Council of Labour and Defence, entrusting the faction of the VTsIK with the task of transforming it into law.
The Party must regard the strictest adherence to this mandate—as well as, in particular, the recruitment and engagement of non‑Party members in work—as an unconditional and top‑priority task.

10. Assign special responsibility to central organs for impeding local initiative and for failing to provide adequate support to it. Charge the faction of the VTsIK with drafting an appropriate resolution and bringing it before the next session.

11. The Conference instructs the Central Committee and all Party organizations to implement a systematic series of measures aimed at intensifying agitation and propaganda, as well as to deploy Party forces accordingly, so as to ensure full comprehension and the methodical execution of all the tasks outlined above.

12. As an absolutely paramount task for the Party, we must devote careful, comprehensive attention to the dissemination and study—both in the press and in meetings, conferences, congresses, professional gatherings, Soviet assemblies, Party meetings, and the like—of the practical experience gained both locally and at the center in the realm of economic construction.
Written May 27–28, 1921.
First published in 1932 in the Lenin Collection XX

Printed according to the proof copy, with amendments made by V. I. Lenin