encouraged the development of producers' cooperation and the voluntary association of small-scale industry.

II.
8. At the present moment of change in economic policy, the State Planning Commission (Gosplan) is charged with a particularly responsible task: the urgent elaboration of a general economic plan and the coordination of the interests of industry with agriculture, transport, food supply, etc. To this end, Gosplan must in particular set itself the task of carrying out, in the shortest possible time, a correct selection of the basic, viable enterprises and individual branches, with their maximum production consolidation, commercial efficiency, and concentration, while identifying specific priority directions for decisive production sectors and branches of the economy. The special needs of the regions and the advantages of the principle of combined enterprises must also be taken into account.
9. The excessively slow development of the commodity-exchange operation now provides us with some material for judging what it will give us in the near future. The limits of local turnover, as well as the commodity expeditions of industrial centres or individual factories, by saturating the markets of their areas of operation with homogeneous goods (thread, textiles, or metal), completely disrupt the markets and any possibility of commodity exchange. The equivalents practised under free exchange—100 for 100 at pre-war prices, or free market prices for both urban and rural goods—dictate a transition to purchase and sale. In all commodity-exchange operations: 1) we must not restrict ourselves to the limits of local turnover; 2) alongside natural commodity exchange, where this is advantageous, we must most resolutely shift to the monetary form of exchange.
10. In order to establish greater stability of our ruble, it is necessary to implement a series of measures for the reverse flow of money into the state treasury. We must introduce fees for municipal services, taxes, payment for state services, etc. Open savings-and-loan banks and make extensive use of credit cooperation.

MARKS ON THE TEXT OF THE SUPREME ECONOMIC COUNCIL DECREE
| | |
11. To facilitate trade relations with abroad, the People's Commissariat for Foreign Trade (NKVT) must be structured so that interested departments have the right to independently conduct relations with abroad, conclude deals, and implement them. The NKVT must gradually transform from a monopoly body into a body regulating and controlling the transactions of state departments and institutions, as well as private enterprises, with abroad.

III.
12. The struggle against bureaucracy and red tape will be fully successful only when the decisions of the All-Russian Party Conference are implemented much more energetically than at present. We must more decisively and quickly break free from the grip of multiple authorities, interdepartmental conflicts, coordination of all sorts of trifles, and preliminary control, and introduce strict personal business responsibility.* All this is in glaring contradiction with the course adopted in the spring.

MARGINAL NOTES ON THE DECREE.
///railway tariff/11
Connection of collective [supply] support (or development) of capitalism
Trotsky: (against GOELRO)
Trotsky:
"He has no Gosplan at all" ("Liberation from the idea of electrification")...
I
I. Trotsky
I. Gold ore (Bukharin)
III.
Trotsky:
"Krzhizhanovsky's plan has nothing in common with the Supreme Economic Council. The Chairman of Gosplan must be the Chairman of the Supreme Economic Council."
Trotsky:
"Gosplan and the Supreme Economic Council are not coordinated"... details to be corrected
+
Krasin
+ People's Commissariat for Food

* The original has a misprint: "явственность" (clarity), corrected by Lenin to "ответственность" (responsibility). Ed.

LENIN MISCELLANY

AMENDMENTS TO THE THESES OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE COMMISSION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ECONOMIC POLICY.
[July 21, 1921]

Rough draft.
1. The Tenth Congress of the Party and the All-Russian Party Conference established the basic principles of our new economic policy. It is necessary, however, to state that the implementation of the outlined directives in the sphere of direct economic activity of the Soviet organs, the enactment of the corresponding decrees, and the assimilation by the broad mass of Party and Soviet workers of the new principles of economic policy—is proceeding too slowly and not at the pace required by the [catastrophic] grave situation of the national economy. [This catastrophic nature]* This grave situation has become particularly acute in connection with the food crisis, which has now led to a sharp deterioration in a whole series of branches of the economy, even compared with the end of 1920.
Party and Soviet organs must take the most decisive measures to overcome the situation that has arisen, which is possible only on the basis of energetic and businesslike implementation to the end of the established Party directives.
2. Our economic policy up to the present time has been characterised mainly by the following features:
a) The Soviet state had to directly manage a huge mass of enterprises of the most diverse types, the servicing of which fell far short of the raw material and food resources at the state's disposal. The direct result of this was the impossibility of rational economic utilisation of the resources provided by the state and, as a consequence, their dissipation. The supply of enterprises was divided among various institutions and was not placed in direct connection with the productivity of the enterprise.
The result: multiple authorities and irresponsibility. Under these methods of supply and
* The amendments "catastrophic" and "catastrophic nature" are marked by Lenin with numbers "1" and "2", which we have placed in the margins. Ed.

AMENDMENTS TO THE THESES OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE COMMISSION existing conditions of payment for labour, the participants in production were not and could not be interested in the results of their labour and in improving production methods. Due to the three-year military situation and the extreme ruin of the country, it was impossible to draw up and implement a unified economic plan that would cover and coordinate the various branches of the national economy.
To prevent the further decline of the national economy, it is necessary to reorganise on the following principles:
The state, in the person of the Supreme Economic Council (VSNKh) and local organs, concentrates under its direct management a definite number of large enterprises, or those important for some reason from the state point of view, as well as auxiliary enterprises to them, and the principle of combining enterprises that complement each other must be widely applied.
b) These enterprises are run on the basis of precise economic calculation, i.e., all production costs are fully covered by the output obtained.
c) The launching and operation of enterprises by the Supreme Economic Council and its local organs is permissible only within the limits in which, according to the general state plan, the said enterprises will be provided with material, food, and monetary resources, both from general state organs and from other sources (self-procurement, free market, etc.).
d) In order to supplement the resources that the state provides, enterprises (or their governing bodies) are granted the right to realise part of the products of their own production to acquire missing items of supply, both domestically and abroad, with raw materials and fuel being procured by their own apparatus, and food through the Central Union of Consumers' Cooperatives (Tsentrosoyuz).
e) All types of workers' supply are included in wages, and the workers of the indicated group of enterprises must be ensured to an extent that interests them in production and stimulates initiative to increase productivity, but in any case not lower than the average subsistence minimum. Supply is distributed both among individual workers and among groups of them (those working on a piece-rate, task-rate, etc. basis) in accordance with the production results they have achieved.

LENIN MISCELLANY
XX