## Plans for the Article "On the Tasks of the Third International"[21]

### 1

Ramsay MacDonald on the Third International

1) In Extenso[22].

2) Typically "centrist"…

2 bis. Bourgeois confidence

|| Soviet power in Russia

|| Hungary.

3) The Basel Manifesto

(α) proletarian revolution (β) it is a crime to shoot at one another.

*** Compare "Fabian imperialism." Ed.

4 bis: Colonies; aid to their revolutionary struggle.

4 ter: Aristocracy of the working class. Petty bourgeoisie. Engels 1852–1892[23]

5) Do not commemorate revolution, do not swear by it, but prepare it, preach it, struggle against reformism.

5 bis: Mass strike etc.

6) Illegal work. (Union with legal activity.)

7) Trade union and cooperative leaders: labour lieutenants of the capitalist class.

8) Transformation of imperialist war into civil war.

9) Dictatorship of the proletariat, of one class.

10) The State = only an instrument.

11) Bourgeois democracy.

12) Soviet power.

### 2

0. Article by Ramsay MacDonald.

1. Soviets and attitude toward them. 1917.

2. Socialism and war. The Basel Manifesto.

3. Chauvinism and opportunism.

4. Reformism, opportunism.

α Do not commemorate revolution, do not swear by it, but prepare it, preach it, struggle against reformism.

β Illegal work. (Union with legal activity.)

δ Trade union and cooperative leaders: labour lieutenants of the capitalist class.

δ Colonies; aid to their revolutionary struggle.

ε Mass strike etc.

{{ prepare }}

5. Transformation of imperialist war into civil war – "Liebknecht" cf. Barbusse "Le feu," "Clarté."

6. Dictatorship of the proletariat, of one class

the state = only an instrument bourgeois democracy

Soviet power.

"Neutrality" "above both extremes" in practice?

(α) attitude toward civil war (β) "exchange," "industry" (γ) development in the direction of socialism (δ) reformism (ε) "freedom."

Written in July, before the 14th, 1919

First published in 1933 in Lenin Collection XXIV

Printed from the manuscript

## Plan of Speech at the I All-Russian Congress of Workers in Education and Socialist Culture[24]

Arguments of ideological defenders of capitalism, Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries:

"Dictatorship of one party"?

= vanguard of the proletariat. = Dictatorship of the proletariat.

===

1900–1903 (1) 1903–1904 (2) 1905–1907 (3) 1908–1911 (4) 1912–1914 (5) 1914–1917 (6) 1917 II.—X.

United socialist (or democratic) front?

= concessions to the bourgeoisie.

(CC of Mensheviks. 26. VII. 1919){142}.

"The soul of socialism = freedom."

"Equality of labor democracy."

§ 23 of the Soviet Constitution.

Universal suffrage habit the rich = the poor.

{ The force of wealth, the force of habit, the force of separated interests of small proprietors + freedom of agitation + equality of voting! }

Written in July, not before the 26th, 1919

First published in 1933 in Lenin Collection XXIV

Printed from the manuscript

## Plans for the Article "In the Servants' Quarters"[25]

### 1

"In the Servants' Quarters." 1) Literature from the south. – 2) Servants during the extreme sharpening of struggle. – 3) Servile dress coat. – 4) Servile hypocrisy. – 5) Servile cowardice. – 6) "Civil war." – 7) Its forms. – 8) Civil war and cruelty etc. – 9) "Civil war among the proletariat." – 10) 1793 vs[26] 1919. – 11) Defeat of the first revolution. – 12) World Bolshevism and Soviets. – 13) II and III International. – 14) a) Reforms and revolution, β) reformists and revolutionaries. – 15) Petrograd conspiracy VI. 1919 (ad § 7[27]). – 16) Labour lieutenants of the capitalist class (ad 2–5) = Bern International. – 17) "Anarcho-Blanquism" = § 14 β. – 18) "One reactionary mass." – 19) Worker and peasant. – 20) "Consumer" point of view. – 21) "Soldiering" (ad § 7). – 22) Servile notion of "freedom of the press" + "parliamentarism"… – 23) Marx 1848 and 1914–1919. — Georgian social-democrats and alliance with the Entente. – Shades from Martov to Potresov. —

### 2

Introduction.

I. 1. Servants. 2–5[28]

II. Civil War.

6–9

[ "Above extremes" Martov. ]

III. 20–21–22 "Their" arguments

+ 19.

IV. Attitude toward the Entente.

(Basel)

+ 24.

V. Lessons. 23.

16.25.

17.

13. + 14. + 17.+ 18.

VI. Petrograd conspiracy. 15.

VII. ΣΣ[29]

10. 11. 12.

### 3

The conclusion of the article "In the Servants' Quarters" should be set forth, roughly, in this way:

a) Martov's pretension to stand "above" both extremes: bourgeoisie and proletariat, both dictatorships.

b) The essence of this pretension = petty bourgeois of 1848 are pitiful and ridiculous (1793 are great) 1918 are abominable, loathsome.

c) Resolutions of IX council of party SR. 18–21. VI. 1919

idem[30] above both extremes, against both dictatorships etc. and in practice?

d) Attitude toward civil war? As with Martov: deadlock, hopelessness, reconciliation on universal suffrage (= servants of the bourgeoisie).

e) "Exchange," "industry"

(for capitalism).

f) "Development in the direction of socialism – through democracy" (= reformism).

ff) Peasants and workers.

g) Reformism against the begun revolution = servants of the bourgeoisie.

h) For the Bern International

(again reformist slogans).

i) "Freedom" against dictatorship.

k) Petty bourgeois, reactionaries, waverers.

l) Those who act (Liber, Aleksinskii, Avksentev etc.) and those who talk (Martov, Chernov etc).

m) ΣΣ = reactionary petty bourgeois.

Written in July 1919

First published in 1925 in the journal "Bolshevik" № 23–24

Printed from the manuscript

## Directives to the Commissariat of Agriculture on Revision of Instructions

Modify the instructions of the Commissariat of Agriculture[31] and, through all organs of Soviet power, achieve real implementation of supervision in the spirit of the following provisions:

1) Absolute prohibition of landowners or managers from occupying positions in state farms in the same or neighboring district where these persons held positions under landlord power.

2) Maintenance of lists of managers and employees in state farms with the same strict supervision as military specialists, from the point of view of their counter-revolutionary character.

3) Increase the number of representatives of district and provincial agricultural departments in state farms and supervision by district and provincial agricultural departments over them.

4) Demand that the trade union council pay greater attention and allocate more forces to workers' committees and their work.

5) Prohibit the work of sharecropping and similar practices in state farms.

6) Immediately bring to trial all boards of state farms in cases where they fail to prove factual execution of Article 59 of the Provision on Socialist Land Organization, that is, providing assistance to the local peasantry.

7) Develop forms of reporting by state farms and workers' committees to the local peasant population and informing it.

8) Demand monthly factual reports to the Council of People's Commissars from the Commissariat of Agriculture and from the workers' committee plus one or two provincial agricultural departments of the most important provinces on the execution of these rules.

9) Entrust the Central Statistical Administration with expanding the monographic description of state farms entrusted to them with questions necessary to verify the realization of the indicated points.

10) Reconsider the distribution of land to state farms, in particular from the point of view of excessive quantities of land held by them or seizure by non-proletarian organizations.

11) Nomination of candidates to state farms by district and provincial agricultural departments should become a general rule.

12) Submit the instructions and measures to the Council of People's Commissars, having previously passed them through the commission[32] of Sereda, Sapronov, Vladimirskii, Tsyurupa, Milyutin and Golubev[33].

Written in August, not later than the 5th, 1919

First published in 1933 in Lenin Collection XXIV

Printed from the manuscript

## Plans for the Article "On Free Trade in Grain"[34]

### 1

NB

On Free Trade in Grain

Free trade in grain is a state crime "    "    "     is the slaughter of millions for capital "    "    "      is Kolchakism.

Worker and Peasant.

Socialism. Quid est?[35]

Annihilation of classes. Ergo,[36] annihilation of peasantry, annihilation of (the working class) the worker.

Neither peasants nor workers, but all workers.

Surrender the surplus.

Speculation.

Property = discord.

Labor = union. Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries = the most vicious reactionaries.

Their arguments are employed by all newspapers, all "ideological collaborators" of Kolchak and Denikin.

Mensheviks and SR = suppliers of "ideas" for them.

From August 1, 1917 to August 1, 1918 = 30, without the participation of Siberia, the Don, or Ukraine.

From August 1, 1918 to August 1, 1919 = 705.

(105 × 3.5 = 367.5)

### 2

(Free Trade in Grain)

On Free Trade in Grain and on the Relation of the Peasant to the Worker

1. How to definitively set out on the path?

2. 400 million puds of grain to the state.

3. The principal obstacle?

4. The force of habit, discord, discontent, squabbling, capitalism.

5. Free trade in grain is capitalism, return to the omnipotence of the rich, landowners and capitalists.

6.   "   "     "    is the slaughter of millions for capitalist profit.

7.   "   "     "    is Kolchakism.

8.   "   "     "    is a state crime.

9. Sophisms (or "ideological" defense) of Mensheviks and SR.

154 Committees of the Poor (kombedy) were established by a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of June 11, 1918 "On the Organization and Supply of Village Poor." The committees of the poor were charged by the decree with tasks of accounting for food reserves in peasant farms, identifying kulak reserves and surplus food, and assisting Soviet food organs in confiscating these surpluses; supplying the poor with food at the expense of kulak farms, distributing agricultural equipment and industrial goods, etc. However, the practical work of the committees of the poor encompassed all aspects of work in the village; in fact, they became strongpoints, organs of the dictatorship of the proletariat in the village; their organization marked the further development of the unfolding of the socialist revolution in the village. At the end of 1918, the committees of the poor, having completed their assigned tasks, were merged with volost and village Soviets.

14. Whining of the intelligentsia.

15. Collection of surpluses.

### 3

Etwa[37]:

How to consolidate victory, secure it and bring it to completion?

Take all grain surplus.

How? Is the path correct?

It is correct (30 vs 105)

committees of the poor and the middle peasant.

Against Mensheviks and SR.

Freedom of trade and capitalism (§§ 5–8).

"Commodity exchange" and loans.

War against speculators.

Our strength in this war.

Written in August 1919

First published in 1933 in Lenin Collection XXIV

Printed from the manuscript

## Plan for the Article "Example of Petrograd Workers"[38]

The Petrograd Example.

Its significance:

"Kursk victories" frighten panic never!

+

But give them with ultra-ferocious energy, because danger exists, the greatest ever.

Proletarian initiative.

The Petrograd Example.

Dictatorship of the proletariat.

Deserter "wavered."

Through the Organizational Bureau.

Written in October, not later than the 3rd, 1919

First published in 1933 in Lenin Collection XXIV

Printed from the manuscript

## Rough Drafts and Plan for a Pamphlet on the Dictatorship of the Proletariat[39]

### 1 (Some Aspects of the Question of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat)

The Question of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat

Transition from class society to non-class, classless society.

Three basic groups, classes: the exploited, the exploiters, the middle; workers, capitalists, petty bourgeoisie.

How to make the transition? "Majority" in general from different classes?

Not class struggle, but majority?

Continuation of class struggle in another form: the ruling class (the exploited; the proletariat, not the exploited in general).

The middle, the waverers, the led.

Capitalists (exploiters), suppressed, their resistance is suppressed.

Dictatorship of the proletariat as a new form of class struggle, of transition (the transitional stage of society) from capitalism to socialism. Two basic questions that subsequently arise:

α) Majority of the proletariat in the population as a condition, i.e., dictatorship of the proletariat is permissible only when the proletariat constitutes the majority of the population.

β) Forms of class struggle at this particular stage. Old forms or new ones? wherein lies the novelty?

* To point α. Ed.

** In the English manner? Ed.

### 2. Some Theoretical Aspects of the Question of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat

Dictatorship of the proletariat as leadership of the laboring masses (and of all society) by the proletariat.

Two basic tasks (and, correspondingly, two new forms) of class struggle under the dictatorship of the proletariat:

(1) suppression of the resistance of the exploiters (and every recidivism, return to capitalism and capitalist traditions).

(2) systematic guiding influence (also = struggle, but of a special kind, overcoming a certain, truly different kind of resistance and an altogether different kind of overcoming) on all laborers except the proletariat.

Dictatorship of the proletariat is the transformation of it into the ruling class. Rule of one class excludes freedom and equality.

NB:

* Uncritical. Ed.

** Genuinely petty bourgeois. Ed.

*** In abstract form. Ed.

But the revolutionary proletariat needs (both in general and now especially) a concrete determination of its tasks of transition, the gradual steps from the old to the new.

Real steps toward "freedom and equality," that is (sonst Phrase, lauter Phrase![40]) toward the annihilation of classes.

One can and must annihilate the class (and classes) of exploiters by one method, along one line.

One can "overthrow" them.

One cannot "overthrow" non-exploiting or indirectly exploiting classes (bourgeois intelligentsia; petty bourgeoisie, which qua proprietor of means of production is thereby an exploiter in potentia et partialiter in praxi[41]).

### 3. Themes on the Dictatorship of the Proletariat

1. Dictatorship of the proletariat is the continuation of class struggle (in a new form).

2. The State = only an instrument in it.

3. The form of this instrument cannot be the former one. In particular, formal equality cannot be the form of struggle for material equality, against factual inequality.

4. Two basic lines (or forms or types) of class struggle under the dictatorship of the proletariat:

5. A) Suppression of the exploiters. = War more merciless than any other.

6. B) "Neutralization" of the middle elements, petty bourgeoisie, peasantry. Neutralization consists of persuasion, example, teaching through experience, suppression of deviations by force, etc.

7. C) Subordination of those hostile to positive work ("specialists").

8.  [ + D) Education in a new discipline. ]

9. Dictatorship vs democracy. Dictatorship is the negation of democracy (in general). Dictatorship of the oppressed class is the negation of democracy for the oppressing class, its expansion for the oppressed.

10. Democracy, concretely, =

11. α) Equality of all citizens before the law. – There cannot be equality with the exploiter during his overthrow.

12. β) Political freedom for all citizens. – There cannot be political freedom for the exploiters.

13. γ) Decision by majority of all citizens. – No: except the exploiters and contrary to the waverers.

14. Decision by voting, such is the essence of peaceful or pure democracy. In reality, by money under bourgeois democracy. By class struggle, civil war in liberation from capital, in the overthrow of capital.

15. One class carries on, under capitalism, class struggle with capital. Idem in its continuation in the form of dictatorship of the proletariat. Petty bourgeoisie – "insofar as" (cf. "Communist Manifesto").

16. Decision by voting, i.e., formal expression of will with the preservation of capitalist determinants (motives) of will = bourgeois democracy. Decision by class struggle and civil war against the exploiters = proletarian democracy. The proletariat through its struggle, revolutionary struggle, destroys capitalist relations of property, ergo, capitalist determinants (and motives) of will and decision for the waverers.

17. Decision by voting = all are equal, "not counting" money, capital, private property. Decision by class struggle and civil war: first destroy the oppression of money, capital, private property, then vote without exploiters. In proportion to the first – the second. In connection with the successes of the first – the second.

18. Decision by voting to the end would be possible with universal good faith (ergo, already in a classless society), in the absence of resistance from exploiters. = Utopia of reformism.

19. Democracy under the dictatorship of the proletariat: congresses, assemblies, local self-government, decision by the will of the laboring masses, religion, woman, oppressed nations: "Heaven and earth." Teaching the laboring masses to do without capitalists = democracy under the dictatorship of the proletariat.

20. Deception of the laboring masses by formal equality with the preservation of the oppression, yoke, slavery of capitalism = bourgeois democracy.

21. Dictatorship of the proletariat is the teaching of all laborers by one class, the proletariat, idem leadership. Leading. The ruling class = the proletariat, one. Rule excludes freedom and equality.

22. Peasantry as laborers = ally; as proprietors and speculators = enemy. "Insofar as." This is not voting, but the course of revolution, the course of civil war, its lessons, its outcome.

23. Proletariat not in general, not in abstracto, but in the twentieth century, after the imperialist war. A split with the upper strata is inevitable. Bypassing the concrete, deception by abstractions. (Dialectics vs eclecticism.)

24. Engels 1852 on England. 1852–1892. Cf. 1914–1919. Dictatorship of the proletariat = overthrow of its opportunistic upper strata, transition from the aristocracy of the working class to the masses, "struggle for influence." Not without a split.

25. Soviets = proletarian democracy = dictatorship of the proletariat. Workers and peasants in the Soviet Constitution. "Equality of labor democracy." § 23 of the Constitution. "Dictatorship of one party."

26. Resistance of the exploiters begins before their overthrow and intensifies with their overthrow. Sharpening of struggle from 2 sides or evasion of struggle (Kautsky).

27. There was a period (etwa 1871–1914), when one had to develop the backward through universal voting, without revolution (+ strikes etc). – The period of revolutions has come (1917–), when the course of revolution of the proletariat and its civil war will develop.

28. Developed proletariat and "moderne Barbaren"[43]. Experience of revolution. Inspire and direct. Authority of the revolutionary proletariat among the laboring masses.

29. Waverers and the exhausted vs proletariat.

30. Imperialism = brutalization of capitalism, its decay, military power over the backward. (Cf. Hobson and my "Imperialism.")

31. Transformation of imperialist war into civil war. Marx 1870: teach how to wield arms. Cf. Kautsky 1914–1918.

32. "Majority"? 51 % (αα) of proletariat is less than 20 % (ββ) of proletariat, if in αα there is greater imperialist contamination and resistance from petty bourgeoisie.

33. "One reactionary mass."

NB Engels 1875. Relating to the Commune and to all dictatorship of the proletariat.

Four main sections (A, B, C, D); ABC – general; D – "Russian."

D. Dictatorship of the proletariat and the Soviet Constitution (25.

§ 9. Dictatorship vs democracy ("Pure democracy").

Allgemeines[44]

10. (α) Equality (11).

11. (β) Political freedom (12)

12. (γ) and freedom in general.

13. (δ) Decision by majority (13)

by voting.

14. Its conditions equality

15. good faith

16. deception

17. bureaucratism.

18. Dictatorship of the bourgeoisie[45].

19. Decision by struggle in the most acute forms (16).

20. Majority and force (32).

21. Successes of democratism (19).

Manuscript of V. I. Lenin "Plan for a Pamphlet on the Dictatorship of the Proletariat." – 1919

### 4. NB Plan for a Pamphlet on the Dictatorship of the Proletariat

Written in September – October 1919

First published in 1925 in Lenin Collection III

Printed from the manuscripts

## Notes at the Meeting of Delegates of the II All-Russian Congress of Communist Organizations of the Peoples of the East

Meeting 21/XI. 1919

First published in 1933 in Lenin Collection XXIV

Printed from the manuscript

## Remarks on the Draft Provision on the Bureau of the Fraction of the RCP(b) at the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions

1) Both Comrade Tomskii and all members of the bureau of the RCP fraction at the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions (this bureau must be confirmed by the Central Committee of the RCP) are obligatorily invited to the sessions of the Organizational Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP on all questions of the trade union movement.

2) The bureau of the RCP fraction at the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions elaborates a detailed charter of its mutual relations with the Organizational Bureau of the Central Committee. This charter is confirmed by the Organizational Bureau.

3) "The Provision on the Fraction of the RCP at the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions" is amended as follows:

in § 1 the word "leading" is deleted{144} in §§ 3{145} and? the words "CC" (associations) are inserted.

Reconsider everything with respect to editing individual sections. Reconsider in the abovementioned manner, taking the draft as the basis and correcting only in editorial respects.

Written in December, not before the 4th, 1919

Published for the first time, from the manuscript

## Plans for the Report to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and Council of People's Commissars and Concluding Remarks at the VII All-Russian Congress of Soviets[47]

### Plan of the Report

1. (Introduction)

Civil war, resistance of the exploiters, international situation.

2. First stage of Entente intervention: its troops (in Arkhangelsk, in the south). [ Purchase of Czechs. ]

French sailors (Labourbe).

Arkhangelsk, English soldiers. Collapse.

3. Second stage of Entente intervention: + 16 states (Churchill denied it, but Estonia + Finland).

Yudenich. Collapse.

5. Kolchak and the Siberian peasant.

Denikin and the Ukrainian peasant.

Leadership of the peasant = the essence of proletarian dictatorship.

6. Discussions about peace. Another peace proposal.

Attempts by the enemy will follow.

7. Terror imposed – will weaken.

8. The average man, petty bourgeoisie, intelligentsia, "specialists." Will become milder.

9. Military experience (social, economic, political, organizational, technical etc.) on grain (surplus requisition vs free trade)

10. – fuel (the last series of measures)

11. – struggle against lice (typhus).

12. Subbotniki. Party purge.

13. – New party members.

14. Non-party workers and peasant conferences[48].

15. Military and industrial mobilization.

16. In internal, peaceful construction there will be even more endurance and successes, even more "miracles," than during these 2 years of war with international imperialism.

(1) 1st stage:

one's own troops (2) 2nd:

small nations (3) 3rd:

(Olar).

(4) Peace proposal.

(5) Social cause of victories over Kolchak and others.

(6) Conclusion:

(proletariat + specialists + peasant).

(7) Terror imposed.

(8) "Eases up" for the average man.

(9) Peaceful construction.

(13) "Fantasy" and "foundation."

(14) Industrial mobilization.

(15) Source of forces deeper and broader:

(16) Resolution.

75 % of requisition fulfilled.

Written in December, not later than the 5th, 1919

First published in 1933 in Lenin Collection XXIV

Printed from the manuscript

## Plan for Concluding Remarks

First 1/2 of Martov's Speech (1) and 2nd – declaration: "democratization" of the constitution and its execution. except dictatorship.

freedom, (αα) but what of conspiracies?

(ββ) but what of the kulak?

To the non-party masses "for suppression of the bourgeoisie" from the Bund:

serious cases of revocation of decisions of executive committees by Soviets… reelections "Soviets do not convene"

===

All-Russian CEC – at the front

Curiosity: "There should be others."

Written December 6, 1919

First published in 1933 in Lenin Collection XXIV

Printed from the manuscript