# NOTEBOOK «η» (pp. 1 — 18)

FOREWORD

Ferding, Riesser) — about 40 references; “7” — about 20; “х” (Hobson) — about 20, etc. From the plan, it can be seen that in the notebook “8”, not yet found, there is material about Karl Kautsky.
The clear, well-defined formulations of the plan shed a bright light on the entire era of imperialism, revealing its deepest roots and illuminating the paths of its development.
Extremely characteristic in this regard are at least the sections and formulations devoted to the most important problem of decay and uneven development in the era of imperialism. Lenin carefully and comprehensively analyzes the "parasitism and decay of capitalism." He emphasizes that "imperialism is parasitic or decaying capitalism," and immediately reveals the peculiarities of the development of imperialism in all the contradictions of its real movement. "Rapidity of growth and overripening". . .  To this point of the plan, Vl. Ilyich added in pencil: "compatibility of оооих [both]".
“«Decay» and the birth of the new.” “Rapidity of growth.”
How harshly these formulations, which are a vivid embodiment of revolutionary dialectics, strike all vulgar, stale, and flat ideas about the decay of capitalism as continuous degradation, a simple "movement backward." Only on the basis of Lenin's analysis, covering all aspects, all the peculiarities of the development of capitalism in its highest stage, can one understand reality, complex and multicolored, full of contradictions, through which the iron laws discovered by Marx-Lenin irresistibly make their way.
"Imperialism is monopoly capitalism," Lenin writes in the plan. And immediately develops: "Monopoly and free competition — banks and socialization — intertwining and socialization — division of the world and redivisions." Vl. Ilyich analyzes in detail the "unevenness of growth" and the "redivision of the world", characterizing, in particular, the "ardor of German imperialism" and revealing the economic and historical roots of the clash of interests between English and German imperialism before the war of 1914.
In the 1st chapter (2nd paragraph) of the plan, devoted to the issue of concentration of production, a note about Russia is characteristic. After instructions on the concentration of production in Germany (with reference to the censuses of 1882—1895—1907) and in the United States (censuses of 1900—1910), Lenin writes: "Note on Russia («The Development of Capitalism»?)".

Material about Russia was not included in the book.
As is known, the conditions of Tsarist censorship (Lenin wrote the book for legal publication) deprived Vl. Ilyich of the opportunity to present material directly characterizing the imperialism of Tsarist Russia. He wrote about this in the preface to the first edition of "Imperialism," published after the February Revolution (in April 1917): "It is hard to reread now, in the days of freedom, these places in the pamphlet distorted by the thought of Tsarist censorship, compressed and squeezed in an iron vise... Especially worth noting is one place, on pp. 119—120*: in order to explain to the reader in a censorship-friendly form how shamelessly the capitalists and the social-chauvinists who have gone over to their side (with whom Kautsky fights so inconsistently) are lying on the issue of annexations, how shamelessly they cover up the annexations of their capitalists, I was forced to take the example of... Japan! The attentive reader will easily substitute Russia for Japan, and Finland, Poland, Courland, Ukraine, Khiva, Bukhara, Estland, and other areas inhabited by non-Great Russians for Korea."
If in the book Lenin did not have the opportunity to speak directly about Russian imperialism, then the corresponding places in his preparatory notebooks are of even greater interest. Vl. Ilyich provides a lot of materials characterizing the imperialism of Tsarist Russia not *only* in relation to the "outskirts" and "areas inhabited by non-Great Russians" within the empire, but also in the Far and Near East — in relation to China, Persia, Turkey.
In particular, from the materials published in this Collection, the remark in notebook "C" should be noted, devoted mainly to a comparative analysis of the colonial possessions of the great powers that divided the world. Lenin writes: "Russia... 96 million comforted or unequal."
Lenin's "Imperialism" (Works XIX, 135)*** contains a concise, compact table, giving an extremely vivid picture of the division of the world among the "great powers." Comparative

* Works XIX, 169—170.
** Ibid., 71—79.
*** See also this Collection, pp. 230—231, entry "What is Imperialism?"

FOREWORD

data on the colonial possessions of the great powers in 1876 and 1914 clearly show the process of dividing the world between the imperialist predators and at the same time provide material for illuminating the question of the struggle for its redivision.
The materials published in this Collection (see pp. 220—221) show what enormous work was done by Lenin before he compiled this table. A small table – half a page – relies on an entire notebook, almost entirely devoted to geographical and statistical materials, which Lenin most carefully checks, compares, combines, and supplements, before coming to the conclusion about the "division of the world":
"millions of inhabitants
300 — «great powers» and privileged oppressors and robbers
300 — dependent, disenfranchised, robbed, and petty
1,000 — colonies and «booty»".
Vl. Ilyich fixes this conclusion in a short table placed in the book "Imperialism, as the Highest Stage of Capitalism."
Extremely important are Lenin's excerpts and remarks regarding Hilferding's "Financial Capital," to which most of notebook "{>}" is devoted.
Many grossly erroneous ideas are widespread about Hilferding and his study of Financial Capital. Some enthusiastic authors have even tried to portray the matter as if Lenin in his analysis of imperialism "developed," "continued," and "corrected" Hilferding's theory. These statements are all the more ridiculous, since Hilferding, along with Kautsky, is perhaps more criticized than anyone else in Lenin's works on imperialism. Lenin, of course, carefully studied Hilferding's works, just as he studied the research of Hobson, Eiddels, Riesser, and others, up to the hardcore ideologue of imperialism Schulze-Gaevernitz. Lenin's notebooks on imperialism very clearly testify to this. Thus, regarding Hobson's work (notebook "х", will be published in the next Lenin Collection), Vl. Ilyich makes far more sympathetic remarks than on Hilferding's "Financial Capital."
Lenin's theory of imperialism grew and was forged in a merciless struggle against all bourgeois and petty-bourgeois theo-


primarily by the theories of opportunists from the Second International, Kautsky and Hilferding in particular. In his notebooks, Lenin repeatedly subjects Hilferding's works to devastating criticism. It suffices to point out the following remarks of Lenin on Hilferding's main work – "Finance Capital" (see pp. 317 and 320 of this Miscellany). Lenin copies the following colorful quote from Hilferding's book: "According to E. Mach, the 'I' is only that focus in which the infinite threads of sensations converge most closely... In the same way, money is a knot in the network of social relations." Against this excerpt, Lenin notes in the margins:
"Porridge.
Incorrect. Not 'ταυτολογία'."
Further, Lenin criticizes Hilferding on the question of money, noting that "in Hilferding, money enters into circulation without value." Lenin especially sharply assesses Hilferding's general methodological remark: "only our contemplation gives things the form of space." Regarding this philosophical dictum, Lenin writes: "Kantian." V.I. mocks Hilferding's "verbal imitation" of Marx and severely criticizes him for praising Tugan-Baranovsky.

Sharp critical, devastating remarks addressed to Hilferding can often be found in various notebooks of Lenin. In notebook "Γ," summarily characterizing "Hilferding's shortcomings," Lenin indicates: "1) theoretical error regarding money, 2) ignores (almost) the division of the world, 3) ignores the relationship of financial capital to parasitism, 4) [ignores the relationship of] imperialism to opportunism." Needless to say, Lenin was not sparing in his devastating political assessments of Hilferding's opportunism.

In contrast to Hilferding, Lenin, in his analysis of imperialism, emphasizes with all sharpness that "imperialism is parasitic or decaying capitalism," "imperialism is transitional or dying capitalism." Vladimir Ilyich elaborates on these provisions in detail in his plans and notes.

The materials published in this Miscellany illuminate a number of important theoretical questions. It suffices to point out at least the following Leninist substitutions:
"3 contradictions of capitalism: 1) social production and private appropriation, 2) wealth and poverty, 3) city and village

PREFACE
that is – export of capital. Its difference from the export of goods."
Lenin examines in detail the specific features of colonial policy in the era of imperialism:
"Differences of modern colonial policy:
1) monopoly (raw materials)
2) – – (land reserves)
3) (delimitation – "autarky") – monoculture
4) (export of capital)
5) concessions, etc.
1. Social significance (domination)
2. Dependence of "independent" countries."
These instructions are of particular importance, since one of the most favorite techniques of bourgeois and social-democratic apologists of imperialism is to blur its specific features, in particular, with assertions that colonial policy is equally inherent in all epochs of human history – up to ancient Rome. Proving with exhaustive completeness that imperialism is a special stage of capitalism, its highest and last stage, Vladimir Ilyich reveals all the specific features, distinctive features and contradictions of its development.

Ruthlessly exposing the theoretical sophistry of bourgeois researchers, their methodology, their apologetic conclusions and inferences, attesting them very unflatteringly (see Lenin's reviews of Riesser, Liefmann, etc.), Lenin at the same time most attentively comprehensively studies the factual material cited by these authors, carefully checks it, compares it and critically uses it.

Here, for example, is Lenin's characterization of the work of Professor R. Goeniger "The Economic Significance of the German Military Affairs": "the chatter of a vulgar fellow devoted to militarism, who proves that the expenses on the army are not a loss at all, because the money remains in the country, from them a huge profit, military service educates and strengthens, etc. and etc."

Lenin's preparatory notebooks vividly show the methods of his research work, his approach to the factual material. It is necessary, in particular, to emphasize that Lenin studies all the features of imperialism in their concrete historical development, in all their connections and mediations. As a characteristic example, one can point out, from the materials published in this Miscellany, at least to the analysis of the development of German banks in stages from 1871 to 1910, which V.I. traces with extreme care.

V.I.'s entire analysis of imperialism is inextricably linked with the relentless exposure of opportunism in all its manifestations. In the work plan "Imperialism, as the Highest Stage of Capitalism," Lenin formulates with all sharpness: "The struggle against imperialism without the struggle and break with opportunism is deception."

Characteristic are Lenin's remarks addressed to Kautsky, whom he calls a "petty swindler," and Paul Lensch, whose article is assessed as "a model of lackey-chauvinistic filth. It would be very useful to compare with Plekhanov//" (see pp. 294 and 296 of this Miscellany).

Giving the deepest theoretical analysis of imperialism, the highest stage in the development of capitalism, Lenin closely links this analysis with the study and coverage of the world war, not missing a single fact, phenomenon, or speech that helps to clarify the imperialist nature of this war and the tasks of the revolutionary struggle to transform it into a civil war. And it is natural that in Lenin's notebooks on imperialism various economic, statistical, geographical, historical material is constantly intertwined with excerpts and remarks about the current events of "wartime." Special mention should be made of the excerpts from the pamphlet by Junius (Rosa Luxemburg) "Die Krise der Sozialdemokratie" (notebook "C"), regarding which Lenin wrote a special article "On the Junius Pamphlet"* in August 1916 (published in the "Miscellany of the Social-Democrat" in October 1916).

The notes of Lenin "On the slogan of disarmament" (notebook "y") are of quite topical interest in connection with the 20th anniversary of the beginning of the World War of 1914 in the current year and in connection with the ever-increasing danger of a new war. In early October 1916, Lenin wrote a special article according to this plan, published in December 1916 in the "Miscellany of the Social-Democrat" 2* \
* Soch. XIX, 176— 190.
There, 314—322

PREFACE

Some of Lenin's notebooks are almost entirely devoted to excerpts and notes on the imperialist war of 1914. In particular, a number of remarks in notebook "e" should be noted, in connection with reports in the English newspapers about the "reconciliation" of soldiers at the front when trenches came closer. Lenin carefully notes these facts of fraternization.
Lenin's theory of imperialism is the key to understanding the nature and driving forces of the imperialist war of 1914. Lenin's theory, in indissoluble unity with revolutionary practice, was at the same time an acute weapon in the struggle to transform the imperialist war into a civil war.
The October Revolution tore 1/6 of the globe out of the bloody chaos of the first world imperialist war.
In Russia, under the leadership of Lenin and the Bolshevik party, the imperialist war was transformed into a civil war. The proletariat created a mighty Soviet state and is victoriously building a classless socialist society, inflicting crushing blows on class enemies. Building socialism, the working class of the USSR is persistently fighting for peace.
The strongest bulwark of peace for the Soviet country, surrounded on all sides by imperialist predators, is its armed force. Such is the dialectic of history. As the only country in the world that is really fighting for genuine disarmament, the mighty country of the proletarian dictatorship confidently says: "Our foreign policy is clear. It is a policy of preserving peace and strengthening trade relations with all countries. The USSR does not intend to threaten anyone and - even less - to attack anyone. We stand for peace and defend the cause of peace. But we are not afraid of threats and are ready to respond to the blows of the instigators of war with a blow of our own" (Stalin).
B. Gal'.

V. I. LENIN'S NOTEBOOKS ON IMPERIALISM
PART II
NOTEBOOK
«ε»
PG. 1-52

Schulze-
Gävernitz (2)
[16]
Bérard
[23]
[ 8 4 ]
Théry
[31
[20]
Caillaux
[25]
[ 88]
Lescure
[51
[26]
[27]
[ 9 6 ]
Parvus
[91
[36]
Tönnies
[35]
[124]
Moos

[501
Coulon
[37]
[130]
Brunca u
[17]
[661
Kestner
[39]
[132]
[19]
[71]
P. Louis
[43,
[142]
Hubbard
[22]
[82]
Morris
[47]
[148]
Index [of Literature]:
2 [16]; 7 [32] and 8 [32]; 13 [46]; 15 [56]; 16 [58] and 18 [70]; 34 [117]
* Bold numbers in the margins (here and further) indicate the page numbering of the manuscript. Ed.
** The columns of numbers opposite the names indicate the pages of the notebook's text devoted to working through the corresponding authors: the left column of numbers is the pages of the manuscript; the right column is the pages of the present collection. Ed.
*** The following numbers indicate: numbers written by Lenin are the pages of the manuscript; numbers added by the editors (in square brackets) are the corresponding pages of the present Collection. Ed.
[ 14 ]

Höniger from page * (2)
[17]
Théry
13]
[211
Lescure
[5]
[27]
Parvus
19]
[37]
Moos
[14]
[51]
Bruno
[17]
[67]
Lysis
[19]
[75]
Huber
[22]
[83]
Indications
2 [17 J; 7 [33]; 15 [57]; 16 [59
1*
- 5 2
Bérard
[23]
[ 8 5 ]
Lair
[25]
[ 89 ]
Rousiers
[27]
[ 97]
Tonnela
[35]
[125]
Coulson
[37]
[131]
Kestner
[39]
[133]
P. Louis
[43]
[143|
Morris
[47]
[149]
* * * of Literature
;
and 8 ¡33j; 13 [47], and 18 [71]; 34 [ 117] t

]

[R O B E R T H O G M G E R . «D IE W I R T S C H A F T L I C H E B E R E U -
TUi\G B E S D E U T SC H E M 1 I1 L 1 T Ä R W F S E A S »]
Prof. Dr. Robert Hoenig er: «Die wirtschaft- liche
Bedeutung dfes] deutschen
Militärwesens». Leipzig 1913. (Vortr[äge] d[er 1 Gelie-Stiftung [zu Dresden]. Bd. У, H. 2).
Chatter of a militarily pious philistine, who proves that expenses] on the army are not a loss at all, because the money remains in the country, from them great profit, military] service educates and strengthens, etc. etc.
Characteristic quote:
...«Der Abgeordnete Erzberger sagte im
Reichstag (24. April 1912): «Wenn der Herr
Kriegsminister alle die Wünsche nach Garniso nen, die an die Militärverwaltung herantreten,
berücksichtigen wollte, so müsste er mit einer sechsmal
grösseren Militärvorlage kommen».
(S. 18)
Petty bourgeoisie wins in every way from the garrisons. One of the reasons for the popularity of militarism!
From literature:
Wilhelm Ahr: «Kriegswesen und Volks wirtschaft der Grossmächte während
der letzten 30 Jahre», Berlin 1909.
[

]

Robert H ö n i g e r. "The Economic Significance of the German
Military Affairs" 1
Prof. Dr. Robert Hoeniger: "The Economic Significance of German Military Affairs".
Leipzig 1913. (Reports of the "Sehe-Stiftung" in Dresden. Vol. V, issue 2.)
Chatter of a philistine devoted to militarism, who proves that expenses for the army are not a loss at all, because the money remains in the country, from them huge profit, military service educates and strengthens, etc. and etc.
Characteristic quote:
... "The Deputy Erzberger said in the Reichstag (April 24, 1912): "If the Mr. War Minister wanted to satisfy all requests for garrisons that are addressed to the military department, he would have to request six times more military credits."
(p. 18; The petty bourgeoisie wins in every way from the garrisons. One of the reasons for the popularity of militarism!
From literature:
Wilhelm Ahr: "Military Affairs and the National Economy of the Great Powers for the Last 30 Years." Berlin 1909.

Hartwfig]
Schubart:
«Beziehungen zwischen] d er] wirtschaftlichen] Lage und der
Wehrkraft eines
Staates».
Berlin
1910.
Militärwochenblalt. Beihefte: 90
1902; * h 10 (1904).
Fr. Braumann: «Der wirtsch ajftl[ichej Nutzen einer Garnison». M[a|gd[cjburg 1913.
Kultur der Gegenwart, IV. Tb., Bd. 12 (Tech nik des Kriegswesens).
* As in the manuscript. Ed.

ROBERT HÖNIGER.
"ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF GERMAN MILITARY AFFAIRS" 1 9
Hartwig Schubart: "Relationship between the economic situation and the armed force of a state." Berlin 1910.
"Militärwochenblatt". Supplements: 90 (1902) * and 10 (1904).
Fr. Braumann: "The Economic Benefit of a Garrison." Magdeburg 1913.
("Kultur der Gegenwart" (Culture of the Present), IV part, vol. 12 (Technique of Military Affairs).

E D M O N D T H É R Y . «L’ E U R O P E É C O N O M IQ U E «] text,
it seems, only to the tables.
Edmond Thèry. L’Europe économique. Paris*!
1911 \ (Author editor «L’Economiste européen», author of a mass of economic essays)
The book has a lot of comparative tables:
Population (millions)


[18]58— f 18)83 118]83—■
[1]908
Germany
36.8
46.2
63.3
+ 26°/o
+ 3/ ’/o
England
28., 35.7
45.,


France
Russia (Euro
34. in
37., 39.3


pean])
66.8
86., 129.8


all Europe]
278., 335., 436.,


State expenses (millions frs)
Germany
80 1 2 695 9.263
-t-236
-244
England
1.651 2.192 5.169


France
1.717 3.573 3.910


etc.
Expenses on armaments and fleet

1.068 


Germany
England
France
Russia
+

1.280 


etc.
* In the margins to the left of the following text (in parentheses) is the inscription "Fribourg" ("Fribourg" - a city in Switzerland). Apparently, this note means that this book was copied by Lenin from this city. Ed.
[ 20 ]

[EDMOND THÉRY. "ECONOMIC EUROPE"
Edmond Thèry. Economic Europe. Paris 1911.
(Author editor "L’Economiste européen", Author of a mass of economic essays)
The book has a lot of comparative tables: | text,
| it seems, only to Population (millions)
| the tables.

1883 1908
1858— 1883 1883 -1908
Germany
36.8
46..
63.,
+ 26%
+ 37®/,
England
28.0
35.7 45.1


France
Russia (European)
31-, 37., 39.3 ï
66.8
86.! 129.8


all of Europe
278.t 335.1 436.!


State Expenses (millions of Francs)
Germany
801 2.695 9.263
+ 2 3 6
+ 2 4 4
England
1.651 2.192 5.169


France
1.717 3.573 3.910


etc.
Expenses for Armaments and Fleet
Germany

+

1.068

England


France


Russia

1.280


etc.
[ 21 ]

Lenin
Collection
Production of coal germany
1898/9
130.in millions
1908/9
205.7
~g 37°/0
France
32.4 tons
37.,
+ 1 7 »;,
England
202.0
272.!
+ 35'/.
1 germany
7.4
Fonte:
1-2.7
+ 72*/0
France
*.5 z.v
-b43»/o
England
8.»
9.7
4 - 10%

EDMOND THÉRY.
"ECONOMIC EUROPE"

Germany
France
England
Germany
France
England production of coal
1898.9
130.x million
32.!
tons
202.o
Smelting:
7.»
2.
g
8.*
And so on.
1908/9
205.7
+ oT°/ 0
37.,
+ 17°/0
272.!
4- 35°
12.7
+72&/0
З.в
+ 43®/0
9.7
+ 10«;.

[NOTES
ON BOOKS: M O N T E S Q U I O U « L E S O B L I G A T I U N I »
A M É R I C A I N E S r/W P O U T E F R U I liL i: F R I M A I S » ; b. E S T É V В
«U A L A 1> U V L L L L P S V C U O L O G I E D E L ’ I M P É R I A L I S M E :
L E A L S 1 S E I L L I È U E » ; AND ARTICLE BY S. T. R E V E R E « L A T 1 A -
A H E R I C A A T R A D I P O S S I U I L I T I E S »]
Montesquiou. Les obligations américaines el le portefeuille français. PLaris] 1912.
(Advice to capitalists: beware)
L. Estève: Une nouvelle psychologie de l’impéria
lisme: Ernest Seillière. Paris 1913 \
/  / a psychological understanding of impe-
\ \lialism à la Nietzsche, and only about psychology / /
S. T. Revere:
«Latin-American Trade Possibi lities» article in North American]
Review 1915 ^vol. 201), p. 78:
«The South American Journal, pu blished in London, is authority
for the statement that
British investments in Latin America at the end of 1913 reached a total
sum of $ 5.008.673.000»
Compare with Paish 1909 j
5 billion dollars
X 5
25 billion frs // NR
The same note "Fribourg" is present as on the previous page of the manuscript. Ed.
** See Paish in notebook "a", Lenin Miscellany XXII, p. 58. Ed.
*** This calculation is done in the manuscript in the margins on the left, near the title of the Revere article. Ed.

[NOTES ON BOOKS: MONTESQUIOU "AMERICAN BONDS
AND THE FRENCH PORTFOLIO*; L. ESTÈVE "A NEW PSYCHOLOGY
OF IMPERIALISM:
ERNEST
SÉILLIÈRE";
AND
ON
ARTICLE
BY
S. T. REVOR
"TRADE POSSIBILITIES OF LATIN AMERICA"!
Montesquiou. American Bonds and the French Portfolio. Paris 1912.
(Advice to capitalists: beware)
A. Estève: A New Psychology of Imperialism:
Ernest Séillière. Paris 1913 \
/  / a psychological understanding of imperialism à la Nietzsche, and only about psychology
S. T. Revere: "Trade Possibilities of Latin
America" article in North
American Review 1915 (vol. 201),
p. 78:
"The South American Journal, published in London, reports that
British investments in Latin America at the end of 1913 reached a total
of $5,008,673,000"
GS|,l compare with Paish 1909
5 billion dollars
X 5
25 billion Francs /7 N11 r 25 J

TJEAW L E S C IIB E . -I .’ E P A R G N E EK F R A N C E »
NB
Je an L e s с u r e. L’Épargne en France.
Paris 1914*.
The author says in the preface, that] his work has already been printed in Se h r [ i f leíг/
d[es
У er ¡eins] f[ür] S: ozialjp olilil; tome 137, III — in a questionnaire about épargne in different countries.
Note p. 110, Tableau Vf. Statistique de la fortune française
(d’après M. Neymarck)
Milliards de francs
Titres français:
titres étrangers:
1850 -
—
—
—

-----------------------—
—
----------------------
—
1860 —

I860 —


1880 -


1890 — --------
7 4 ------------------
------------------

1902 -
--------

à 90 -------- ------------------
-25 à 27
1909 — --------
105 — 116
— ------------------
35 à 40
Dépôts de fonds (millions de 1rs (mill, frs)
(p. 51)
Gdédit] Lyonnais
Soc[iété]
Comptoir
Générale d'Escompte

-
9.s
-
57. *
—
—

-
54.6
-
88.a
-
-

—
139.7
205.7
-
—

—
244.6
-
253.; — -

300.8
—
-51.9
-
122.9

-
546.0
-
347.e
-
365. i

-
839.e
—
562.2
—
6ЗЗ.3

—
859.€
—
446.5
—
674.3
Above the title of the book is writtten:
"Geneva library b.
4607 t-1 8 " and below the author's name, in the margins
on the left: "(Geneva)" (Geneva). Ed.
[ 26 1

[JEAN LESCURE. "SAVINGS IN FRANCE"]
Jean Lescure. Savings in France.
Paris 1914 \
The author says in the preface that his work has already been printed in «S c h r i f t e n des
Vereins für
Sozialpolitik», volume 137, III — in || NB a questionnaire about savings in different countries.

Note p. 110, Table VI. Statistics of the wealth of France (according to Mr. Neymarck)
Billions of Francs
French securities:
Foreign securities:
1850 -------------

—
1860 ----------------------

—
|
1869 ----------------------


]
1880 ----------------------


;
1890 ----------------------


!
1902 ---------------------- from
87 to 9 9 ---------------------------------------from to 27
1909 ------------------
» 105 » 1 1 6
1>

» 40
State interest-bearing papers (millions
Francs)
(p. 51)
Crédit Lyonnais
General
Discount society bank

-
—
57.4
—
—

—
54.6
-
88., -

—
139.:
—
205.7
—
—

—
244., -
253.7
—
—

—
300.8
251.9
-
122.9

—
546., -
З47.в
-
366.4

—
839.0
—
562.3
—
633..

—
859., 446.5
-
674.а
[ 27 ]

¿BOHNSKIY SBORNIK
Nombre des comptes au Crédit Lyonnais (p. 52):

—
2.568

—

—
14.490


—
28.535

—

—
63.674
144.000
263.768
633.530
P. 60: Sommes portées en réserve par 9 sociétés
métallurgiques françaises:
b cpfeAiieM] 3a 1S04 — 1908 (b cpeAiicM b toa) = 2 3 .8 millions] frs
(for the time being I will limit myself to this from the viewing)

JEAN LECK YUR.
"SAVINGS IN FRANCE"

Number of accounts in Crédit Lyonnais (p. 52):

—
63.674
P. 60: Reserve amounts of 9 French metal-
lurgical societies:
on average for 1904–1908 (on average per year) =23.8 million Francs
(for the time being I will limit myself to this from the viewing)


2.568
14.490
28.535


144.000
263.768
633.539

[H I S H I D A , «T H E I N T E R N A T IO N A L P O S IT IO N O F J A P A N
A S A G R E A T P O W E R » AND LITERATURE INDICATIONS]
Hishida.
The international position of Japan as a great power.
New York 1905. (Dissertation).
Learned thing, apparently. A re- telling of the history of Japan u[eгzi]8 other
countries from 660 BC. to 1905.
"Since that time (Chinese war 1894/5) the
Far East has become a centre of the ambitions chiefly of France, Great Britain, Germany,
Japan, Russia & U. States, in their efforts to satisfy the wants of «imperial expansion», com
mercial & political", (p. 256).
"The economic activity of the great powers has assumed the form of «imperialism» which
signifies the ambition of the great powers to control, for economic or political purposes, «as
large a portion of the earth’s surface as their energy & opportunities may permit»", (p. 269)
Cf [compare]:
Beinsch (Reinsch). World Politics. Ntew1 York
1902.
TJ. A .] Hobson. lmperialism. [N. Y. 1902.]
[A. B.] Colquhonn. The Mastery of the Pacific.
N[ew Y ork
1902.
Debidour.
Histoire diplomatique de 1’Europe.
Piaris] 1891. (2 vis.)
[ 30 ]