STATISTICAL NOTES ON THE
DEVELOPMENT OF SWISS AGRICULTURE
OVER THE LAST ù5 YEARS 126
Statistische Notizen über die Entwicklung der schweizerischen Landwirtschaft in den letzten 5 Jahren. (E. Laur).
Brugg 1907.
Participation of Swiss agriculture in supplying the country with corn (estimated).
In the early 1880s = 1,850,000 quintals* = 38.5% of demand
Now . . . . . . . = 850,000 ” = 14.3%
Reduction in area under corn
%
Zurich (1885)— 15,490 ha —(1896) 13,590— 12.3
Canton
Berne (1885)— 48,170
”
—(1905) 43,340— 10.0
Waadt (1886)— 38,510
”
—(1905) 28,330—27.2
Maintenance of livestock


±%
Number of livestock owners
. . . .
289,274
274,706
— 5.04
Livestock owners with farms . . . .
258,639
239,1 1 1
— 7.55
Owners of horses. . . . . . . . .
56,499
72,925
& 29.07
Owners of big horned cattle . . . .
219,193
212,950
— 2.85
Owners of small cattle . . . . . .
232,104
206,291
— 11.55
Horses . . . . . . . . . . . . .
298,622
135,091
& 36.98
Horned cattle
. . . . . . . . . .
1,212,538
1,497,904
& 23.54
Pigs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
394,917
548,355
& 38.88
Sheep
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
341,804
209,243
— 38.78
Goats. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
416,323
359,913
— 13.55
* Double metric centners (100 kg).—Ed.

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
Value of livestock


±%
Horses . . . . . . . .
51,245 (000 fr.)
94,523
& 84.45
Horned cattle . . . . .
360,853
527,797
& 46.26
Pigs . . . . . . . . .
20,997
42,665
&103.15 etc. . . . . . . . . .
Total
. . . . . . . .
448,579
680,722
& 51.75
Milk production
Milch cows . . . . . .
663,102
785,577
& 18.47
Milk goats. . . . . . .
291,426
251,970
— 13.55
Milk from cows
. . . .
14,678,000 hl*
20,818,000
& 14.84 (2,210 l)
(2,650 l)
”
”
 goats . . . .
874,000 hl
756,000
— 13.55 (300 l)
(300 l)
Total milk output . . . .
15,552,000 hl
21,574,000 hl
& 38.72
Consumption of milk by population . . . . . . .
7,217,000 hl
10,391,000
& 44.00 (300 l)
Consumption of milk for breeding and fattening of calves
. . . . . . .
2,437,000
3,124,000
& 27.80
Consumption of milk for breeding goats
. . . .
87,000
75,000
— 13.80
Consumption of milk for breeding pigs . . . . .
117,000
160,000
& 36.75
Consumption of milk for condensation and baby food
369,000
886,000
—140.11
Consumption of milk for making chocolate . . .
15,000
100,000
&566.67
Consumption of milk for technical processing on
Alpine farms . . . . .
5,311,000
6,939,000
& 28.75
Milk consumed on farms and in households. . . . .
5,450,000
6,563,000
& 20.42
Milk marketed . . . . .
10,102,000
15,095,000
& 49.43 of this, milk and milk products for export
. . .
3,500,000
4,502,000
& 28.63 of this, milk and milk products at home . .
6,602,000
10,593,000
& 60.45
Value of milk output . . .
215,500,000
333,210,000
& 54.62 francs francs
Value, of milk output less milk going into breeding and fattening of livestock
175,597,000
286,180,000
& 62.05
* hl—hectolitres; l—litres.—Ed.

V. I. LENIN


±%
Total value of Swiss meat production . . . . . .
126,612,000
214,810,000
& 70.72 francs
Total value of Swiss meat consumption
. . . . .
172,080,000
285,171,000
& 65.71
Cost of one kg of meat
. .
1. 514
1. 625
& 7.33
Per-head consumption of meat . . . . . . . .
39.353 kg
50.103 kg
& 27.31
Consumption of meat (quintals) . . . . . . . .
1,136,000
1,755,000
& 54.48 of this, nationally produced. . . . . . . .
829,000
1,333,000
& 60.79 of this, imported
. . .
307,000
422,000
& 37.45
Value of total output (estimated)
’000 fr.
in mid-
%
’000 fr.
%
±%
1880s now
Cereals . . . . . . . .
39,000
7.16
21,300
2.92
— 45.38
Potatoes
. . . . . . .
24,471
4.50
27,000
3.70
& 10.33
Hemp and hay . . . . .
1,894
0.35
1,900
0.26
& 0.32
Tobacco
. . . . . . .
1,000
0.17
1,000
0.14
—
Various crops . . . . .

0.04

0.05
& 60.00
Hay for horses not used on farms. . . . . . . .
3,600
0.66
4,500
0.62
& 25.00
Wine-growing . . . . .
49,240
9.05
45,000
6.16
— 8.61
Fruit-growing
. . . . .
49,500
9.09
60,000
8.21
& 21.21
Vegetable-gardening . . .
25,926
4.76
26,400
3.61
&
1.83
Horned cattle breeding . .
6,485
1.19
5,600
0.77
— 13.64
Fattening of horned cattle (including export) . . .
96,250
17.68
156,300
21.40
& 62.39
Horse breeding . . . . .

0.05

0.05
& 21.52
Pig breeding . . . . . .
38,221
7.02
61,480
8.43
& 60.85
Sheep breeding . . . . .
3,800
0.70
2,590
0.35
— 31.84
Goat breeding . . . . .
12,260
2.25
13,260
1.81
& 8.24
Poultry farming
. . . .
13,256
2.43
14,000
1.01
& 5.61
Bee-keeping . . . . . .
2,286
0.41
3,000
0.41
& 31.23
Milk products . . . . .
176,597
32.49
286,180
39.20
& 62.05
Total . . . .
544,314
100.00
730,260
100.00
& 34.16

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
midnow
1880s quintals
±%
quintals
Fertilisers and waste
. . . . . .
181,720
913,340
&
402.60
Feedstuffs. . . . . . . . . . .
516,000
1,456,390
&
182.25
Bran, oil-cakes (idem ground) . .
27,410
366,310
& 1,236.41
Maize . . . . . . . . . . .
287,370
634,620
&
120.83
Flour . . . . . . . . . . .
86,230
171,850
&
99.30
Straw and straw for litter . . . .
110,000
567,410
&
415.82
Seed
. . . . . . . . . . . .
24,130
11,450
—
52.55
Agricultural machinery and implements
1,340
40,340
& 2,910.45
1885- 1888

Import of competitive farm items . . . . . . . . . . . 198,381,000
351,681
&
77.27 francs
Export of competitive farm items . . . . . . . . . . .
78,399,000
81,512
&
3.97 francs
Agricultural population . . . .


%
Relating to agriculture
. . . . . .
1,092,827
1,047,795
—
4.12
 Male . . . . . . . . . . . .
568,024
555,047
—
2.28
Female . . . . . . . . . . .
524,803
492,748
—
6. 10
Technical and managing personnel, men
—

”
”
”
”
 women
—

Man servants
. . . . . . . . .
61,320
57,849
—
5.66
Maid servants . . . . . . . . .
9,927
6,779
—
31.71
Day labourers men . . . . . . . .
35,258
37,234
&
5.60
Day labourers women . . . . . . .
8,921
8,348
—
6.42
115,426
110,210
Written in 1913
First published in 1938
Printed from the original in Lenin Miscellany XXXI
PMQ
PNMNQ
PNMNQ
Import of agricultural raw materials and machinery

REMARKS ON E. JORDI’S BOOK,
THE ELECTRIC MOTOR IN AGRICULTURE 127
Ernst Jordi, Der El è ktromotorinder
Landwirtschaft. Bern 1910
The author is a practitioner from an agricultural school
at Rütti, Berne. This school itself uses an electric motor
for farming operations. The author has collected data on
electric motors in Swiss agriculture. Result: highly recommends that peasant co-operatives use electric motors.
“At present, no other mechanical engine can match the electric motor’s simple and reliable operation, insignificant
wear and tear, great adaptability, instant readiness for
use, minimal requirements in supervision and maintenance,
and the consequent low overhead costs. . . . Production-wise,
it will pay big farms to have their own motor in most cases.
Medium and small farms are advised to purchase and run an electric motor co-operatively . . .” p. 79.
1 volt 8 1 ampere = 1 watt h.p.
kilowatt = 1,000 watts
1 h.p. = 736 watts
Cost of
a. electric motor
electricity:
(4 h.p.)— 6 centimes “effective h.p.—hour with
b. manpower—300 centhe use of” (p. 78)
times
c. one-horse
drive—100 centimes
Consequently, the elec-
d. water (very cheap) a
tric motor is cheaper than few centimes anything (except water).
e. internal-combustion engine (4 h.p.)—60 centimes
!
é
l
l
l
l
]
]
]
]
]
]

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
The author reckons Switzerland’s water-power (according
to official statistics) at 7  ,6 0 0 h.p. Roughly w of
a million h.p. (in a 24-hour day). Rather, up to 1 million
= the work of 14-24 million men (p. 13)
Written in September-October

First printed in the
Fourth Russian edition
Printed from the original