The notes were compiled between 1912 and 1916.

In Russian, German, English, French, and other languages.
First published in 1936–1937 in the Lenin Collection: Volume XXIX, Volume XXX

Printed from the original manuscripts

Entries in foreign languages are provided in Russian translation

PLAN FOR AN ARTICLE ON TRADE UNIONS
1. Rising Prices. Plunder. “Strike.” Golubiatnikov…
Markov II and the Liberals
2. Trade Unions (“a global phenomenon”) in Europe (and America) and
Russia (a) The Development of Production (b) The Domestic Market: Peasant and Farm Laborer Poverty
(c) The Condition of Workers: Legal Impoverishment (d) Political Freedom.

3. Trade Unions and “Bureaucracy.”

4. Oil and Sugar Trade Unions versus Landowners… (the trade union of serf-owning landlords).

5. Trade Unions and the Urals…

6. Bureaucratic Liberalism (or the Liberal-Bureaucratic Outlook) (“Pogrom Socialism”) versus Class Struggle. State-Driven Deadwood and Living Life.

7. Thieves and the Circle of Mutual Protection Among Thieves. 7 bis. Capitalism and Trade Unions.

8. Means: (1) Opening the Borders
(2) Twenty Million for Workers’ Housing in Coal and Oil Regions (3) State-Run Production and Democratic Oversight
(5) (4) Workers’ Unions and Political Freedom (4) (5) A Public Inquiry and Commission—Full Disclosure and Open Investigation.
PRODUCTION AND PRICE OF OIL IN AMERICA
“Statistical Abstract of the United States,” pp. 211 and 223; “Yearbook of Speeches,” p. 681, 1900
75,752,691 dollars: 63,620,529 = $1.19
2 rubles 38 kopeks: 8 = 29 (30) kopeks per pud
517 million puds; “Yearbook of Speeches,” p. 681
5170 ÷ 636 = 8.1 puds per barrel
{There must be more than 8 puds of oil in a barrel} 1907
1407 ÷ 166 = 8.5 puds per barrel
1908: 1512.0 million puds ÷ 178.5 = 8.5 puds…

1909 per barrel
1455 million puds ÷ 183 = (8) 7.9 puds per barrel
1910
127,896,328 dollars ÷ 209,556,048 barrels = = $0.61 (crude oil) 61 cents per barrel 1 (= 42 gallons) 1 gallon = 61/42 = 1.4 cents

SEPARATE NOTES, 1912–1916
1714 million puds; “Yearbook of Speeches,” p. 681
1714 ÷ 209 = 8.1 puds per barrel
61 cents (approx. 1 ruble 22 kopeks per barrel)
122 ÷ 8 = 15 kopeks per pud
BEBEL ON THE WAR BETWEEN GERMANY AND RUSSIA
Bebel, in 1886, advocated war against Russia.
In “Die Neue Zeit,” November 1886 (Volume 4, Issue 11), pages 502–515, Bebel’s article “Germany, Russia, and the Eastern Question” was published.
The article preached a “preventive” (so to speak) war by Germany against Russia and France.
In 1878, the author argued, “we should have gone even further” (page 513, first column), meaning not only to moderate Russia’s demands but also to wrest the newly established Balkan states from Russian influence and to forge “a league among the Balkan states” (sic).
“If Russia had refused to meet these demands, we should have responded with a war that would have crippled Russian power for decades to come” (page 513, second column)...
the entire nation—and all classes within Germany—were dissatisfied with its foreign policy:

Page 511, column 2.
In 1886 (or perhaps 1885), after Prince Alexander’s return to Bulgaria (likely following the Bulgarian Revolution of September 18, 1885), when both Serbs and Romanians feared the rise of Russian influence, it would have been fitting to establish, among the Balkan states, “an independent league of states aligned with Germany and Austria-Hungary” in the Balkans.
“If Russia had dared to declare war at that time, Germany would have risen up

Bebel’s Italicized Text against her more united than ever before—and in alliance with Austria, the Balkan states, and perhaps even Turkey, she might have waged war against Russia and France with far better prospects of success, a war she would inevitably have to fight sooner or later—but one that, under far more unfavorable conditions, might well—and indeed likely—have proven far more difficult to win” (page 513, second column).
“DIE NEUE ZEIT,” 1912/1913
Kurt Wiedenfeld. “The Rhine-Westphalian Coal Syndicate.” Bonn, 1912.
(Cologne Museum of Commerce and Industry. “Modern Economic Institutions.” Volume 1.) Review (by S.) in “Die Neue Zeit,” 1913, Volume 2, page 946. Ibidem, debates (a series of articles) on the mass strike and Rosa
Luxemburg. “Officialdom.” Idem on the armaments bill. “Die Neue Zeit,” 1912, Volume 1.
Kautsky’s polemic with Hilferding over money (ibidem: Varga and Hilferding).
Kautsky’s “Mass Movements”… Gué’s article “Morocco and Germany’s Need for Ore” demonstrates that Germany does not actually need ore sources ((“it is not at all suffering from a shortage of ore”)), that it is richer in ore than any other nation, and that the “millions spent on the Herero uprising” ought instead to be directed toward improving mining practices, etc.
Hilferding’s “On the Theory of Combination”: on Marx’s error in “Theories” and remarks on combination.

SEPARATE NOTES, 1912–1916
E. CORRADINI. “ITALIAN NATIONALISM”
Enrico Corradini. “Italian Nationalism.” Milan, 1914.
Written prior to the outbreak of war. In his essay “Nationalism and Socialism” (January 14, 1914), the small-nation imperialist offers some striking formulations. France and England are banks with capital totaling 300 and 400 billion (p. 162). Plutocratic nations (France, England, Germany) “are inclined toward pacifism” (sic!) (ha-ha!) “primarily because they are plutocratic” (p. 188), whereas proletarian nations (Italy), while fighting against Turkey, were struggling against plutocratic nations (sic!! ha-ha!). Imperialism, in fact, is a modern phenomenon—but it divides nations into plutocratic and proletarian categories; “this (nationalism) is the socialism of the Italian nation in the world” (p. 156).
This is the whole point of this wretched little book: other nations plunder abundantly. “Socialism” consists in our small, impoverished nation catching up—or even surpassing—the plunderers, so that we too may plunder more!!
NITTI. “FOREIGN CAPITAL IN ITALY”
In “Revue d’économie politique” (1915, No. 4, July–August), a review of Francesco Nitti’s “Foreign Capital in Italy” (156 pages). In total, there were only 500 million (??), including
Belgian . . . 182 million
French . . . 148
English . . . 110
Swiss . . . 46
German . . . 28
One wonders, is that really enough?
Compare with
Peish and Garms110
= 504 (my estimate)

R. LIFMAN. “IS WAR BRINGING US CLOSER TO SOCIALISM?”
Professor Dr. Robert Lifman: “Is war bringing us closer to socialism?”
(No. 56, “The German War,” published by E. Iekk, Stuttgart–Berlin, 1915.)
The author refutes the view—held by Jaffe and others—that war is a step toward socialism. Taxes, monopolies, bread rationing—all of this, he argues, has nothing whatsoever to do with socialism (for communism means the regulation of consumption, whereas socialism signifies the abolition of private property).
These are the most banal arguments against socialism in general—arguments that, of course, tout “reforms,” “the mitigation of class antagonisms,” and so forth.
In essence, socialism is dismissed as “dreams” (39), “fantasies” (37), “a fatal form of internationalism” (Social Democrats) (37)…
The German Social Democrats are reproached for their stance on war—while, it is claimed, “nothing was heard” (37) (sic!) “of any reproaches leveled against French and British socialists.”
The Social Democrats are praised:
“The conduct of German social democracy… deserves respect” (37)…
workers in other countries do not think about socialism
…“The overthrow of the modern economic order on an international scale is impossible; to attempt it on a national level would only bring harm” (39)… “Workers in other countries, who are more attuned to reality, have no intention of putting this into practice” (ibid.)—especially the workers of England, p. 38…
…“Let France be the one to undertake the ‘experiment’ with socialism” (39–40)…
Social Democrats—or “reformists”?
I am against revisionism!!
“It is very difficult to say how truly—and still (!!)—those belonging to the German Social Democratic Party remain faithful to the ideal of socialism, or whether this party is merely a party of social reforms conducted on a democratic basis”… (40)… My own statements “recommend only what the revisionist current within socialism itself advocates” (40)…

SEPARATE NOTES, 1912–1916 “It would be highly desirable, for the sake of political cooperation after the war, if we could secure from the Social Democratic Party a clear and unequivocal rejection of this ideal—or at least a declaration that it is, for the time being, renouncing its commitment to advocating measures for its realization; in other words, if the revisionist movement within German social democracy, which has this goal in mind, were to gain universal recognition, then there would be no remaining ambiguity regarding the Social Democrats’ position after the war” (41)…
“CONRAD’S YEARBOOKS,” 1915. ISSUE 2. AUGUST “Conrad’s Jahrbücher,” 1915. Issue 2. August (pp. 214–216).
Dil’s note on the Danish law of May 10, 1915: a tax on military profits—levying a 10% surcharge on all excess income (after 1912–15), regardless of whether the surplus derives from military activities or from other sources.
(Not only military profits, but any form of excess income.)
(The taxpayer is exempt from the tax if they can prove that none of the excess income was generated by the war.)
NB [On the question of reform under imperialism in general.]
“WORKS OF THE SOCIETY FOR SOCIAL POLICY” “Schriften des Vereins für Sozialpolitik.” Volume 145, Part III. (See also the relevant section)*
Dr. Karl von Tyschka: “Wages and the Cost of Living in Western Europe in the Nineteenth Century” (Leipzig, 1914).
A comprehensive compilation of data from France and England, supplemented by abridged accounts from Spain, Belgium, and

* See this volume, p. 720. Ed.

Germany. The overall trend favors England. The final table (abridged by me):
Index: 1900 = 100. Comparative trends in real wages.
Years – Eng. – Prus. – South – Italy – Germany – France – Spain – Belgium
1870 53.8 57.8 (1875: 93.0) 69.0 51.0
1885 68.2 56.1 90.9 74.5 (1890: 89.5) 78.6
1900 100 100.0 100.0 1910 92.2 82.9 99.5 100.0 106.0 100.0 102.0 100.0
86.5 in 1905.
England, thanks to its system of free trade, suffered the least from rising prices (p. 289 and elsewhere).
England had become an “industrial state” earlier (p. 101), and its prices had adjusted far more effectively, fully adapting to this new economic base.
(If one takes “weighted” averages—accounting for the greater increase in lower‑paid occupations—the actual rise in wages will appear smaller, at 94. This applies to 26 trades within Germany’s machine‑building industry.)
NB: But this applies to all forms of labor.
NB. Volume 145: “The Costs of Subsistence in Large Cities.” (I–IV.)
NB: A particularly thorough study (in Vol. 145, IV, 1915) of Hamburg—covering the period from 1890 onward—examining prices and budgets, consumption patterns, housing costs, and more, in comparison with London.
“Schriften des Vereins für Sozialpolitik.”
Volume 140, Part II: “The Supply of Milk to Urban Areas” (1914).
There are fragmentary data available on individual dairy farms—numbers of cows, production levels, and so on.
The development of “retail” milk sales and public milk distribution; the gradual displacement of beer consumption (which became less frequent and less common).
Detailed information on pricing.
Volume 140, Part V: “Public Milk Supply in Germany” (1914).

SEPARATE NOTES, 1912–1916
Hans Hess: “The Electron in Various Fields of Physics.” Himmel und Erde, March 1915 (No. 3). (Year of Publication 27, Issue 3)
An intriguing attempt to take stock of the achievements of electronic theory.
“SOCIAL IMPERIALISM AND LEFT-WING RADICALISM”
Bremer Burger-Zeitung, 1915, No. 291 (December 13). Editorial: “Social Imperialism and Left-Wing Radicalism”... “He [left-wing radicalism] was a current within German radicalism that crystallized during the campaign for Prussian suffrage and in the debates over disarmament in 1910–1913”...
...“Kautsky sought to portray imperialism as a form of capitalist expansion that could be replaced by another, more
gentle mode of operation”...
Among these leftists were Rosa Luxemburg, Pannekuk, Radek, Talheim, Zetkin, and others...
...“Left-wing radicals waged a fierce struggle against the remnants of the foreign-policy ideology of English Manchesterism” (as embodied in the views of Ledebour, K. Kautsky, and also Eckshtein)...
What the left-wing radicals and social imperialists had in common was the recognition that “the world had entered the age of imperialism”...
...“While for the left-wing radicals even the militia was not a means capable of curbing imperialism’s tendencies toward expansion in the age of imperialism; while they advocated for the militia only in the hope that, through it, the anti-imperialist aspirations of the popular masses might come to fruition, social imperialists seized upon every opportunity afforded by this war—opportunities that could be realized only in contradiction to the war’s own stated policies—as bait to militarize social democracy.”

A GOOD COMPILATION || A Good Compilation of Comparative Figures ||
NB II Dr. Ernst Günther: Economic Resources
|| (“War Papers from the
Population (millions) (rounded figures)
Years Germany Austria-Hungary France England Russia Germans + Austrians
1810 1910 30.65 30.515 30 39.5 20 46 45 136.5 267 258
In Germany, (thousands) of hectares were cultivated with rye, wheat, oats, barley, and total grain, plus potatoes
1800 4,623 1,027 2,569 2,055 10,274 350
1901/10 6,080 1,849 4,271 1,666 13,866 3,291
+23% +80% +67% −19% +35% +840%
On average, over the past five years, per hectare yields were
double centners of wheat, rye, barley, oats, and potatoes
Russia 7.0 8.0 8.7 8.2 76.7
U.S. States 9.3 8.9 11.7 8.1 107.0
Hungary 12.2 10.5 13.9 11.4 78.0
Austria 13.9 13.9 15.4 12.9 99.0
France 14.0 10.0 14.3 13.1 98.0
Great Britain 20.7 17.9 16.7 153.3
Germany 21.4 18.2 20.8 19.7 136.0
Belgium 25.9 22.3 28.0 23.3 187.3

COMPARATIVE FIGURES
Germany and Its Principal Adversaries.” Essen, 1915, Industriebezirk. 7th Issue). 80 pfennigs.
Out of every 1,000 Europeans, the mortality rate per 1,000 was:
English — French — Czechs — Russians — Epochs: Germany, France
93 153 103 88 200 300 20–25 years ago 25 now 16 22 18
Yields per hectare in double centners of rye, wheat, oats, barley
8.62 10.28 5.64 8.00
16.3 19.9 18.30 19.00
+90% +90% +227% +137%
Yields per hectare (wheat) in double centners:

1881/90 1901/10
5.45 6.77 +1.32 +24%
8.27 9.00 +1.03 +12% (1876–85) (1899–1901)
12.0 13.9 +1.9 +16%
18.2 20.0 +1.8 +10%
14.8 19.6 +4.8 +32%

Number of Workers (in thousands) in the Textile Industry Exports of Machinery (in millions of marks)
England Germany England Germany
1895 1,018 945 1902 400 183
1907 1,015 1,057 1913 674 678
Of global coal production, the share allocated to
Iron Production (in millions of tons)
England Germany United States England Germany
1860 60% (81 million tons) 12.4% (161/3 million tons) 10.0%
1880 45 18 20 7.8 2.6
1900 30 20 32 9.1 8.5
1910 24 19 37
1913 21 21 39 10.5 19.5 (280 million tons)
The strength of the German, French, and English navies
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1912
Germany 1,000 tons % 1,146 100 1,614 141 2,835 247 4,569 399 7,698 672 8,454 739
England 1,000 tons % 7,917 100 12,027 152 18,062 228 23,687 299 32,412 409 33,849 427
France 1,000 tons % 1,528 100 1,767 116 2,444 160 2,622 172 3,082 202 3,139 206
German fleet 100 100 100 100 100 100
English fleet » 691 745 637 518 421 400
French fleet » 133 109 86 57 40 37

SEPARATE NOTES, 1912–1916
Number of Workers (in thousands) in the Machine-Building and Shipbuilding Industries
England Germany
1881 217 1901 400 206 700
Railways (in 1,000 km.) In global trade, the share accounted for %
England Germany 1886 1900 1910 1912
Germany – 10.3 12.1 12.0 12.9 France 12.5 10.9 9.4 9.2
29 34 England – 20.8 19.5 16.9 16.6
38 63
Foreign Trade (Imports + Exports)
Germany Special Trade in Millions of Marks % Great Britain France % Special Trade Total Trade Germany England France
1880 5,712 1890 7,473 1900 10,377 1913 20,868 100 130 181 365 1,4232 100 6,896 100 1,5253 107 6,633 9617 900 126 10,776 15,528 644 201 12,307 178 100 100 100 100 249 204 172 137 121 89 69 59

E. RAPPAR. “TOWARD NATIONAL AGREEMENT”
Dr. William E. Rappar: “Toward National Agreement.” Zurich, 1915 (“Schriften für schweizerische Art und Kunst,” 26). (National Library.)
“Before 1870, the population ratio between Germany and France stood at 9 to 8; today it is 13 to 8. Coal production in France has roughly doubled over the past 40 years, while in Germany it has roughly quadrupled—so that Germany’s current coal output is approximately six times that of France. Forty years ago, both countries were roughly on par in terms of pig iron production. Today, Germany has surpassed France by roughly a factor of three” (p. 15). ((400x : 200y = 6 : 1; 400x = 1200y; 1x = 3y))
A. B. GART. “THE MONROE DOCTRINE”
A. B. Gart: “The Monroe Doctrine.” Boston, 1916.
It seems to be a rather interesting history of U.S. foreign policy. A bibliography is included.
P. 373: “Anti-imperialists” were defeated in 1898. Pp. 303–304: a table (highly instructive) detailing the course of American state development from 1823 to 1915. (The rise of U.S. imperialism and beyond…)
P. 314: “The most striking transformation in the lives of nations is the emergence of large-scale unions. Consolidation takes place not only in banks, enterprises, and railroads, but also among the great powers.” The coming century would see five great powers: Great Britain, Germany, Russia, China, and the United States (!!)...
The growth of protectorates and “influence” (and financial interests! p. 332). The United States in Central America! – p. 332 – NB: “A Certain Policy of Protectorates” (p. 335).

359: Roland J. Asher. “Pan-Americanism: A Prediction of the Inevitable Conflict Between the United States and the Victorious Power in Europe.” New York, 1915 (p. 419).

SEPARATE NOTES, 1912–1916
!!
The author denounces him, yet himself defends the “doctrine”… of “protectorates” (369) for the “protection of American capital” (369)!!
(402) in favor of militarism!! (NB) (especially §5) — particularly (!!!) against Germany and Japan (403). NB
EVG. FILIPPOVICH. “MONOPOLIES”
Evgeny F. Filippovich: “Monopolies”... 111
180 individuals (families?) 25 billion dollars
In the United States (1912), 180 firm owners and their directors (18 banks) held 7,46 directorships across 134 corporations with a total capital of 25.325 billion dollars (=101.3 billion marks). “This likely represents one-third of all American national wealth” (p. 159).
AEG (Allgemeine Elektrizitätsgesellschaft). Its capital in 1912 amounted to 378 million marks. The company’s supervisory board comprised 32 members, who collectively held around 500 directorships in various enterprises.
“GENEVA GAZETTE,” APRIL 18, 1916 “Journal de Geneve,” April 18, 1916.
According to reports from Rome, the International Agricultural Institute has released statistical data on global grain production:
/ Millions \metric \centners / 1915 and 1915/6 1914 and 14/15 compared to the average output over the past five years
% %
Wheat 1,161 119 116.4
Rye 462 106.6 103.3
Oats 706 114 108.7
Corn 996 105.2 109.3
Rice 638 167.2 113.7
Barley 323 105.9 99.2
POTASSIUM CONSUMPTION IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES
Vienna’s “Arbeiter-Zeitung,” April 22, 1916, p. 6.
…According to data from the potash syndicate, potassium consumption for fertilizer in Austria-Hungary and Germany over the past few years was as follows, measured in kilograms per square kilometer of arable land:

19 0 0 19 10 19 13
Austria 12.4 64.3 114.2
Hungary 0.5 6.1 19.8
Germany 334.4 1,025.1 1,529.3 “ARCHIVE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL POLICY”
No. in “Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik.” 1916
(August 4, 1916) (Volume 42, Issue 1). Article: – R. “The Trade Union Movement in 1915”… Section “The Ideology of Trade Unions”… Two tendencies that remain beyond the reach of reformism and radicalism. “Korrespondenzblatt,” corresponding to “Sffzia-listische Monatshefte.”
“On the contrary, there are only a few trade union journals that clearly articulate alternative, more radical viewpoints. In most cases, these are organs of unions whose membership consists primarily of unskilled workers or women” (p. 325)…
…“For the organs of the old, large trade unions stand firmly on the side of the majority, while the others adopt a far more restrained stance. As far as we can tell, no explicit statements have been made in support of the minority’s views and tactics” (p. 327)…
Regarding the metalworkers’ union, the author notes that the leadership is largely aligned with the majority—though in this profession, earnings are higher (p. 330), and fewer members are drafted into military service*—that it is an old and very large union “which has always served as a bulwark for moderate positions,” and that at the general assembly on June 30, 1915… an indirect, almost critical remark was directed at the leadership: “The adoption of this proposal, in any case, indicates that the sentiments and outlooks prevailing among the union ranks differ from those held by the leadership” (p. 332)…
Thus, at the upper echelons, a “petty-bourgeois layer” is taking shape (p. 335)…
“Korrespondenzblatt” (April 17, 1915) declares that the struggle against imperialism is as absurd as the destruction of machines.

* Refers to those conscripted into military service. Ed.

SEPARATE NOTES, 1912–1916
He likewise criticizes the majority within professional organizations in France and England (much like himself), prompting a venomous remark from a bourgeois author:
“Thus, it cannot be said that the right wing in Germany has completely lost touch with radical labor politics” (p. 338).
Indeed, the author admits, the majority are no longer socialists (p. 340 and elsewhere).
LEITNER. “RUSSIAN NATIONAL IMPERIALISM” “Die Neue Rundschau” (May 1915), K. Leitner. “Russian National Imperialism”
pp. 5–9–0: – concerning Plekhanov, who is said to have “shifted into the military camp.”
…“Even the most extreme radicalism in Russia will soon come to recognize the vital necessity of free access to the open seas”…
“Not only the Russian Tsar… but also the Russian people… stand at our borders with a traditional inclination toward conquest and subjugation.”
“At the empire’s frontiers, the Great Russian does not defend his own existence, his own independence, or the inviolability of his own people—but rather his dominance over 40 million Little Russians…”
OUTLINE OF “THESES ON IMPERIALISM AND NATIONAL OPPRESSION” FROM THE WORKERS’ GAZETTE
(1) The definition of imperialism (economic).
The transformation of borders.
“The nation-state.” Not the sole form (there once was)
(Under certain conditions + the state of nations) colonies and indemnities—annexation intensifies national oppression.
(2) (contrary to the interests of the working class)…
(particularly the oppressed nations)
(revanchism)

(3) Against annexations and national oppression (to fight energetically (energisch bekämpfen))
(socialism does not need colonies; oppose peace based on annexations)
(4) The struggle against the forcible maintenance of domination consists of
(1) renouncing the defense of the fatherland…
(2) exposing (Denunzierung) national oppression (3) combating moral violence directed against national movements
(5) Imperialism cannot be transformed in accordance with the interests of the working class
Socialism alone cannot liberate imperialism from national oppression… the struggle must be revolutionary—and in socialism, self-determination is not about individual self-determination, but about collective self-determination; no postponement, no false hopes.
.
1) Under capitalism, there can be no freedom for nations
2) Self-determination presupposes a classless society; the notion of national self‑isolation is utopian
3) The program must not contain utopian aspirations
“To nurture vain hopes in capitalism’s capacity to adapt”—a “national-reformist” approach is needed… a clear, unadorned socialism.

4) There is no need for these so‑called “rights”…
the remnants of petty-bourgeois democratic ideology…
PLAN FOR AN ARTICLE ON KAUTSKYISM
On Kautskyism:

1. The definition of imperialism. (9*) 3 bis. 1912, regarding its loss of significance. (15**)

* See this volume, p. 241. Ed.
** Ibid., p. 569. Ed.
+
113

SEPARATE NOTES, 1912–1916
5. The Character of War (“The Communist”)
2. Trade Policy (Free Trade) (“The Communist”)
4. The Struggle Against Imperialism (and “a Section of the Capitalists as Well”).

8. Annexations…
Rennner & Co., Kunov & Co.…
Lench’s “Volkstribüne” 7. Peace: “All in Favor” (Report)…

3. The Theory of Ultra-Imperialism
9. Monitor and Kautsky
10. Kautsky, November 26, 1915, Opposed to Street Demonstrations
11. Chemnitz’s “Volksstimme” on Unity with Kautsky
& Co. (cf. Ernst Heilmann in “Die Glocke”)
6. The Denial of Any Connection Between the Current Crisis and Opportunism (K. Kautsky, May 28, 1915) (“The Communist”)
Attitude Toward War:
Social Revolution, 1902–1902
The Road to Power, 1909–1905
1905 (on 33*) 1908
1910 (on 15) 1910
1912 1912
Rühlé versus “Vorwarts”
{Revolution in the Context of War.}
/Disarmament and the United States/
\Europe. )
A. Economy and the Basic Class Relations (1–4)
B. Politics (5–8)
B. The “Swamp” of Internal Party Relations (9–12)
C. Russian Kautskians
Axelrod
Martov
Chkeidze and Skobelev For Translation

* See this volume, pp. 596–597. Ed.

1) Kemmerer
2) Gilbreth. “Motion Study”
3) Hobson. “Imperialism”

EXCERPT FROM AN ARTICLE
How far Friedrich Engels was from the dismissive attitude toward modern German annexations—so characteristic of certain doctrinaire distorters of Marxism among contemporary German Social Democrats—is made clear by the following statement he made in 1893:
“We must not forget that twenty-seven years of Bismarck’s rule had made Germany loathed throughout the entire world—and rightly so. Neither the annexation of the North Schleswig Danes, nor the failure to honor—and ultimately the fraudulent cancellation—of the corresponding clause in the Treaty of Prague, nor the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine, nor the abhorrent measures taken against the Polish population of Prussia had anything whatsoever to do with the creation of ‘national unity’” (“Can Europe Disarm?” Nuremberg, 1893, p. 27).¹¹⁴ According to the Treaty of Prague, signed on August 23, 1866, Austria ceded Schleswig-Holstein to Prussia on the condition that the inhabitants of the northern districts of Schleswig would be transferred to Denmark if, in a free plebiscite, they chose to unite with Denmark. This clause was fraudulently annulled under the Vienna Agreement between Germany and Austria, concluded on October 11, 1878. Fifteen years later, in 1893, Engels had not forgotten this betrayal; he denounced it, emphasizing the profound distinction between the forging of German national unity and the series of coercive, fraudulent, and oppressive measures directed against peoples subject to German domination… *
“PUBLIC NUTRITION. PUBLIC CATERING” “Public Nutrition. Public Catering.” Berlin, 1916.
(Works of the Central Union for the Welfare of Working People. October 28, 1915.) p. 27 (from Professor Rubner’s “Report”):

* The manuscript ends abruptly here. Ed.
The following data are presented regarding the distribution of resources among different classes in England:

SEPARATE NOTES, 1912–1916
< my calculation: per 100 percent of the population, % shares
in relation to the total population % consumption of the meat fund /o
meat
Rural and Unskilled Workers 23 73 16.5 61.3 71.7
Skilled Workers 50 44.8 89.6
Lower Middle Classes 15 15 15.3 15.3 102.0
Middle Classes 7 12 100 10.5 23.4 150.0
Upper Classes 5 100 12..9 258.0
Total 100.0 l00.0 l00.o “BASEL FORWARD” “Swiss Capital Abroad”
“Basler Vorwarts,” January 26, 1917:
“Swiss Capital Abroad.”
Reports delivered at the Political Economy Seminar of the University of Bern (under the guidance of Professor Reicheberg).
Alfred Fischer’s report:
“Switzerland’s foreign debt is causally linked to its overseas investments. It amounts to 1.5 billion francs, of which 1 billion is owed to France.”
“One can only approximate the scale of Swiss capital invested abroad. Estimates range between 2.5 and 4.5 billion francs. From this it follows that Switzerland is undoubtedly a creditor nation, since its overseas investments roughly double its external liabilities.”
LIST OF LITERATURE
I
L. F. Hoffmann. “England at Sunset.” (Published by the newspaper “La Patrie Egyptienne.”) Geneva, 1914.

((Seal: Club of Egyptian Patriots. 1914. 3 Rue Verçonnet, 3. Geneva.))
“This pamphlet, published by the newspaper ‘La Patrie Égyptienne,’ is distributed free of charge to all who wish to receive it. Please contact the administration at 3 Rue Verçonnet, 3. Geneva.”
Mohamed Fahmy. “The Truth About the Egyptian Question.” (Geneva, 1913.) (“Report to the XIX Congress of Peace, 1912.”)
Dr. I. Goldstein. “Workers and Entrepreneurs in Germany’s Construction Industry,” Leipzig, 1913. (“Zürich Studies in National Economics,” Issue 5.)
Prof. Dr. W. Günereadel. “Historical Preconditions of the European War.” Winterthur, 1915 (a pamphlet—seems like a rather competent, very brief, cursory essay).
II
The Society “Progress of Islam.” Füsteri House. Geneva.
Their publication “Bulletin de la Société et d’autres…” Volume III, Nos. 1 and 2, June–July 1915.
“Do Not Forget.”
A page from the history of the British in Egypt. May 1915.
Signed by Dr. M. M. Rifat.
A narrative recounting the execution and flogging of Egyptians on June 26, 1906—for having assaulted British officers who were shooting pigeons and wounding a woman. Pamphlet: “The Judgment Upon England.” Berlin, February 2.

1915. Preface by Dr. M. M. Rifat.
A compendium of Britain’s promises and declarations concerning Egypt, dating from 1882 up to the annexation—on December 7, 1914.
III 115
Belius. “The Colored Subordinate Peoples of the English and French.” Berlin, 1915.
Brandt. “Thirty-Three Years in East Asia: Memoirs of a Diplomat.” 3 volumes. Leipzig, 1901.

Individual Notes, 1912–1916
Korn. “The Tobacco Monopoly in Switzerland.” Lausanne, 1914.
Davis. “British and German Finance.” London, 1915.
El-Hadji Abdallah. “Islam in the French Army.” Constantinople, 1915.
“Loyalty to India” (published by the Indian National Party). The same work, in French.
Franke. “The Supposed Language of the People of the Ice Age.” Leipzig, 1911.
Göring. “India.” Two volumes. 1911.
“Georgia and the Current War.” 1915.
Kilianí. “German–English Economic Contradictions.”
Leje. “Scenes from Colonial Life.” 1903.
Myron. “Our Prospects in China During the European War.” Chicago, 1915.
Nihans. “The Modern Reorganization of Nations and Christianity in the Struggle for World Domination.” Bern, 191?.
Peter. “The Development of the French Novel.” 1913.
Rifat. (On the Question of Egypt’s Struggle Against England.)
“The British Rule in India Condemned.” London, 1915.
Sherif. “The Tunisians and Others: A Protest Against French Domination.” Sic! Berlin, 1916.
Ruttman. “The Main Results of Contemporary Psychology.”
Zieveking. “Foundations of the History of Modern Economics.” 1915.
Vieitor. “The German Phonetic Dictionary.”
Tsikursh. “Russia’s Balkan Policy.” 1915.
IV
1) M. Lær. “German Imperialism.” Paris, 1908
(?) * 3 francs 50
2) Berard. “France and Wilhelm II.” (3 francs 50)?

* The book was not published in 1908, but in 1902. See this volume, p. 190. Ed.

“‘The Moroccan Crisis.’ (4 francs)” “‘The Sultan, Islam…’” Baghdad. (4 francs) The same author. “The Revolt of Asia.” Paris, 1904.

3) J. Blondel. “The Industrial and Commercial Rise of the German People.” Paris, 1900.
“‘France and the World Market.’” Paris,
1901. Leroy-Beaulieu. “The Renewal of Asia.” 1900.
“‘New Anglo-Saxon Societies.’”
V
S. A. Riv. “The Cost of Competition” (617 pages). New York, 1906 (2 dollars) (McClure, Phillips & Co.). (“A Study of the Losses Incurred Through the Process of Competition, with Proposals for Socialist Reforms.”)
“The Economist,” December 25, 1915.
The British on the Superiority of German Chemical Industry.
“Bibliography of Economic and Legal Sciences.” 1906 (1) and following; 1908 (3), 1909–1912 (volumes 4–8).
VI
NB. J. A. Hobson. N B “Collection of Reports on Various Points of the Minimum Program.” Two volumes. (“The Central Organization for the Establishment of Lasting Peace.”) The Hague, 1916.
VII
Poler. “The Military-Historical Library.”
Wittig. “The Age of Revolutions.” Two parts. Zurich, 1875.
d’Ar. “General History of Wars.” (Two volumes.) Paris, 1758.
Mourier. “Trade Wars (1486–1850).” Paris, 1863.
von Erlach. “The Liberation Wars of Small Nations Against Large Armies.” Bern, 1868.
Studnitz and Rödligh. “A Chronological–Synchronistic Survey.”
Golitsyn?
Zuther. “The Philosophy of Richard Avenarius.” 1910. (Dissertation.)

Individual Notes, 1912–1916
VIII NB
G e y e r (Political Reviews and
Egelhaf \ Historical Calendar (for the Year) Roloff. “Europäischer Geschichtskalender” ((?)).
REQUIRED CATALOG CARDS OF THE ZURICH CANTONAL LIBRARY
Ashley. “The Economic Organization of England.” 1914.
Belza. “In the Valleys of Blood.” Warsaw, 1906.
Birman. “Winkelblech (Marlow).” Two volumes.
Bittmann. “The Workers’ Budget and the High Cost of Living.” 1914.
Boisseau. “Saint-Simon.”
“Bolletino Storico della Svizzera Italiana.” Years 1–23 (1879–1901).
Bresnic von Zidakov. “The Intimate Side of the Empire of Nicholas II.” Five volumes.
“Letters to Zorge.” Stuttgart, 1906.
Paul Busching. “The Development of Commercial-Political Relations Between England and Its Colonies Until 1860.” Appendix: A Table of Colonial Trade, 1826–1900. Stuttgart, 1902.
Carnegie. “The Fund for the Promotion of International Peace.” Annual Report, 1911 and 1912.
Dose. “Impressions and Observations.” 1914.
Del Vecchio. “The Phenomenon of War.” Sassari, 1909.
Em. Demare. “The Organization of Colonies and Federation; the Federation of France and Its Colonies.” Dissertation. Paris, 1899.
“Swiss Democracy or International Socialism.” Frauenfeld, 1892.
“Report of the Swiss Federal Bank.” 1863–1913.
Detto. “Socialism and the French Chambers.” Dissertation. Paris, 1903.
Dietrich. “The Organization of Enterprises.” 1914.
“Vocational Education in the United States.” 1900.
Egelhaf. “The History of Modern Times.” 1913. V. Ulyanov, August 4, 1916. Late October.
Egelhaf. “The History of Modern Times.” 1908. Issued September 25. In the Cantonal Library, September 18

Issued. V. Ulyanov, October 4, 1916. Late October.
Erenberg. “Great Fortunes (Fugger – Rothschild – Krupp).” 1905. Two volumes.
Engels. “The Origin of the Family, etc.”
Ermeles. “The Colonial Trade Policy of France.” Berlin, 1910.
“Factory Statistics of Switzerland.” 1911.
Fréss. “The International Position of Dependent Countries in the Congo Basin.” Dissertation. Carcassonne, 1904.
Freeman. “Comparative Politics.” London, 1873.
Ernst Friedrich. “The Geography of World Trade and Global Interrelations.” 1911.
Frober. “On the Current Trends in the Activities of Deposit Banks in England, Germany, and France.” (Dissertation.) 1903.
Garre. “The Economic Foundations of Modern Newspaper Publishing.” 1912.
Gasó. “English Imperialism: Carlyle – Sillitoe – Chamberlain.” (Dissertation.) 1903.
“Deutscher Geschichtskalender.” Published in 1913.
Gibel. “The Financing of the Potash Industry.” 1912.
Giro. “Principles of Colonization.” Second edition. Paris, 1904.
Goës. “The Major Cities of India.” 1910.
“Handbook of Middle and Modern History” (Meinecke et al.) 1903 and onward ((only individual monographs—seems there is nothing else))
Erman. “The Hungarian Revolution of 1848: Nationalities, Their Struggles and Their Demands; the Russian Intervention and the Polish Intervention.” Dissertation. 1901.
V. G. Herz. “The Taxation of Foreigners Under Income Tax in England.” Stuttgart, 1910.
Gettner. “The World Dominance of England and the War.”
Geide. “The Economic Significance of Technological Advancement in the German Cigar and Cigarette Industries.” Stuttgart, 1910.
Hirsch. “Branch Operations in Retail Trade.” 1916.
Frank Hitchcock. A Series of Brochures on the Foreign Trade of the United States.

Individual Records, 1912–1916
Göninger. “The Economic Significance of German Military Affairs.” Leipzig, 1913.
Gollischer. “The Historical Law: A Critique of the Materialist Conception of History.” Dissertation. 1901.
Golsti. “The Relationship Between War and the Origins of States.” Dissertation. 1913.
Honoré. “The Trans-Saharan Railway and the French Penetration into Africa.” Dissertation. 1901.
“In the Struggle for Russia’s Freedom.” 1906.
Ed. Jacob. “The National-Economic Theory of Cooperatives.” 1913.
“Journal asiatique.” 1) Table of Contents for the 10th Series. 2) The Eleventh Series.
“Jewish Pogroms in Russia.” 2 Volumes. 1910.
Massao Kambe. “The Development of Japan’s National Economy.” 1914.
Kautsky. “Parliamentarism.” Stuttgart, 1893.
Kaiser. “The Development and Successes of Reinforced Concrete Structures.” (Speech.) Darmstadt, 1911.
Kindermann. “Coercion and Freedom: The Universal Factor in the Lives of Nations.” Jena, 1901.
Kinoshita. “The Past and Present of Japanese Trade.” Dissertation. 1902.
V. Kley. “At Krupna: A Socio-Political Travelogue.” 1899.
G. Koh. “The Jacobin State, 1794.” Berlin, 1904.
Lange. “Books on the Great War.” 1915.
Langevin. “On the Stamp Duty Levied on French and Foreign Exchange Securities.” Dissertation. 1900.
Lehmann. “Armenia Then and Now.” 1910.
Ludlow. “The Working Classes of England.” 1868.
Marx. “Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Germany.” 1896.
Nansen. “Siberia.” 1914.
Nostitz. “The Rise of the Working Class in England.” Jena, 1900.
Osterrieder. “Monopoly or Competition.” 1903.
“La Paix par le Droit.” Year 21 (1911).
Pätz and Den. “The Hegemony of England. I: From the Era of the Continental Blockade.” Leipzig, 1912.
Pätz. “On the Question of Modern Trade Policy.” Vienna, 1895.
Pesl. “The Minimum Wage.” 1914.
“Poland and the Swiss People.” The author is a Swiss eyewitness to the Polish Uprising of 1863.

“Political Yearbook.” The Last Two Years.
Polli. “On the Russian Revolution.”
Prado. “The Mortal Path of Russia.” 1907.
V. Rappard. “The Economic Factor in the Emergence of Modern Democracy in Switzerland.”
“Collection of Treatises” (Martens).
“The Latvian Revolution.”
Reed. “The Organization and Management of Public Enterprises.” 1914.
Skelton. “Socialism: A Critical Analysis.” Dissertation. Cambridge, 1911.
“History of Modern States.” ? (Volumes 1–28). Leipzig, 1858.
“Staatsarchiv.” Indexes 78–93. The Final Year: 1914.
Strasser. “Capitalism and the Law of War.” (Supplement No. 11.)
Schroth. “The Relationship Between France and England, 1801–1803, as Portrayed in German Political Literature” (=Historical Studies, Issue 121). 1914.
Strupp. “The Conflict Between Russia and China.” 1911.
Hubersberger. “Russia’s Eastern Policy Over the Last Two Centuries.” Volume I. 1913.
Ullmann. “German-Russian Forestry Trade.” Dissertation. 1913.
Yuri. “Strikes in France and Their Outcomes.” Dissertation. 1902.
Theodor Fetter. “John Ruskin and W. Morris: Opponents and Advocates of Technology.” Frauenfeld, 1912.
(Waltz-Eidenbenz.) “State Coup or Reforms.” 3 Parts.
White. “From My Diplomatic Life.” 1906.
Youngman. “The Economic Causes of Great Wealth.” Dissertation. 1909.
“Zeitschrift für schweizerische Statistik.”
Silliacus. “Revolutionary Russia.” 1905.

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