V. I. Lenin

1911–1914

LECTURE IV

1. The essence of the capitalist mode of production as compared with
the other modes of production historically preceding it.

2. Similarity in the existence of class oppression and distinction in
the forms and conditions of the class struggle.

3. The worker’s struggle against the capitalist over working
hours. Conditions for the sale of the commodity “labour-power”. The
production of absolute and relative surplus-value.

4. “Normal” conditions for the consumption of the commodity
“labour-power” are determined by the worker’s struggle against the
capitalist.

5. The strike struggle, trade unions and factory legislation in the
history of the struggle for shorter working hours.

6. Some results of the half-century of modern history (19th–20th
enturies) in the struggle for shorter working hours. Kautsky’s
“summary”. {1} Insignificance of “social progress”.

---
Notes:
{1}
Data on the limitation of working hours in various countries are given
in the works of Karl Kautsky, Marx’s \"okonomische Lehren ( The Economic Doctrine of Marx ) and Der Arbeiter-shutzgezetzgebung und der Achtstundentag ( Legislative Labour Protection and the 8-hour Working Day ).

p. 232