44 pages. 40 vertical ; 33 (horizontal) squares*
German statistical publications:
Statistik des
Puttkammer und Mühlbrecht.
Deutschen
Französiche Strasse, 28. Berlin.
Reichs.
(Free catalogue.)
Vol.  1 . Census of Occupations and Enterprises of
June 12, 1907.
Agricultural Production Statistics .
 First three subvolumes: 1 a; 1 b;  a
From the “preliminary remarks” to tables 4 and 5 (“Part
1 b”). These figures were first collected in 1907. “The ground
for classifying under these 11 heads according to number of
personnel was the data under letter C 1-3 of the master
card; consequently, account was also taken of family members helping out (C 2 b) and casual labour (C 3 c)” (p. 455).
“... The number of farms classified under heads 14-64” (establishments by number of labourers: 1, 2, etc., to 200)
“is as a rule smaller than the total number of farms in the
first column” (the number of all agricultural enterprises),
“because it contains, in addition, figures for farms only
with the greatest number of labourers and farms without
personnel” (455).
* Size or square-lined sheet used in MS.—Ed.

V. I. LENIN

On the whole, the main substance of the three volumes (1 a, 1 b and  a) is set down in this notebook.
secondary items left out: forest estates, columns of particular and detailed data, poultry in the cattle
population column, etc., etc.
To show that it is not right to classify labour in agriculture by sex and age, I give the data (Statistisches Jahrbuch,
1910) for the whole of industry according to the Census
of June 12, 1907. Total personnel = 1 4, 3 4 8, 0 1 6, including women—3, 5 1 0, 4 6 4 (= 24.4 %). Apparently,
only the help and labourers have been classified by age.
Their total: û,4û4,140 men & 1,86ù,ú31 women, together =
9,336,671; including those of years and over— 6,923,586 men & 1,663,070 women; 14-16—527,182 men &
190,454 women, together—717,636; under
14: 23,372 men & 9,007 women [together = 32,379 = 0.3% out of
9,336,671].
14-16 years
. . .
717,636 under 14 years . .
32,379
750,015=8.0%
Then family members helping out (141,295 men &
790,602 women) are classified as follows: 16 years and over—126,738 men & 767,127 women; under 16 years:
14,557 men & 23,475 women.
Statistik des Deutschen Reichs. Band  0 .
The exact
Berufs- und Betriebszählung vom 1. Juni 1907.
title of
Berufsstatistik* (according to the June 12, 1907
Vol. 202:
Census), Section I
Vol. 202 (1909). (Price 6 Mk)
Introduction
 ” 211 (inpreparation) Summaries.
* Statistics of the German Reich. Vol. 202. Census of Occupations
and Enterprises of June 12, 1907. Occupations Statistics.
__
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PMQ
PMQ
!

Pages 8 and 9 of Lenin’s manuscript, “German Agrarian Statistics (1907)”.
September 1910-1913

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
1895 statistics: Statistics of the German Reich, new series,
Vol. 112 (Berlin 1898): “Agriculture in the German Reich
according to the Agricultural Census of June 14, 1895”.
Part  a. Table 10. Wine-growing Farms (by size of area under vineyards)
These farms have
Owners
Number not farm- of wineers by growing total area principal
farms area under other occu- ha vineyards farmland pation
h a
 Under
 2 ares
2,239
4,287

3,726
1,228
2- 5
25,240
61,016

52,440
11,665
5- 10
56,183
149,617
3,922
135,135
23,127
10- 20
79,031
270,713
10,998
235,714
25,900
20- 50
99,805
409,727
30,806
334,396
23,054
50- 1 ha
44,373
227,764
29,328
171,583
7,156
1- 2
16,167
124,645
20,973
85,140
2,578
2- 3
2,747
35,262
6,315
19,777

3- 4

25,104
2,927
10,620

4- 5

10,433
7,119
13,581

 5 and over

44,098
7,119
13,581

 Total
327,858
1,362,666
115,107
1,067,330
95,753
PNNMNNQ
PNNMNNQ

V. I. LENIN

1) top
= Total
I have left out many
2)
= main enterdetails in this table prises on owned and leased
3) bottom = ancillary enland.
 terprises
Part 1 a.
Table 1
Agricultural enter-
Of the total area
The farms prises in general land land only only enterarea
land land other under under prises ha owned leased land
vegepota- table toes gardens
Under
2,084,060
619,066
369,752
157,132
92,182
623,711
360,944
0.5 ha
89,166
142,995
1,994,894
476,071
1,294,449
1,872,936
1,333,022
426,380
113,534
13,263
21,831
0.5-2 ha
369,224
725,021
925,225
1,147,915
1,006,277
4,306,421
3,501,620
713,415
91,386
1,200

2-5
718,905
3,153,829
287,372
1,152,592
1,065,539
13,768,521
12,401,022
1,239,747
127,752


5-20
980,970
12,702,834
84,569
1,065,687
262,1914
12,623,011
11,622,873
946,723
53,415


20-100
254,664
12,702,834
7,530
525,768

23,566
9,916,531
7,873,850
2,028,962
13,719

—
and >
23,110
9,696,179

220,352 incl.
12,887
7,674,873
6,063,052
1,607,373
4,448
—
—
200 ha
12,737
7,555,522 and >

119,351
5,736,082
43,106,486
37,102,139
5,512,359
491,988
638,495
383,100
Σ
2,436,036
38,518,101
3,300,046
4,588,385
652,798
5,997,626
5,266,586
671,655
59,385


5-10 ha
589,266
5,376,631
63,532
620,995
412,741
7,770,895
7,134,436
568,092
68,367


10-20 ha
391,704
7,326,203
21,037
444,692
* The column below has been transferred here from p. 127 of the MS.
total number of enterprises, the second, the main enterprises, and the bottom, the

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
1) total
2) main enterprises
3) ancillary enterprises*
Table 2 have
Of the total area land under land waste and vegetable under
unsuitploughland gardens and vine-
Of the total area forest able ha orchards yards farmland in general
estates land without ha decorative gardens
38,762
22,788
246,961
76,431
6,256
359,553
24,400
335,153
118,994
61,782
976,345
71,296
29,046
1,371,758
462,317
909,441
237,117
117,939
2,350,006
73,454
39,346
3,304,878
2,446,400
858,478
445,922
218,712
7,728,039
138,511
34,185
10,421,564
9,710,848
710,716
141,258
80, 009
7,728,039
79,810
5,878
9,322,103
9,064,769
257,334
13,630
8,775
7,220,699
42,214

7,055,018
6,953,946
101,072
8,411
5,231
4,683,308
31,867

5,555,793
5,495,247
60,546
995,683
510,005
24,432,354
481,716
115,368
31,834,874
28,662,680
3,172,194 under 2 ha
1,731,311
2-20
13,726,442 over 20 ha 16,377,121
240,369
117,892
3,379,657
69,450
23,379
4,607,090
4,182,257
424,833
205,553
100, 820
4,348,382
69,061
10,806
5,814,474
5,528,591
285,883 (p. 331 of this volume), as Lenin wanted it. The top figure of three shows the
ancillary enterprises.—Ed.

V. I. LENIN

1) top
=male
In this table, and from
2) lower =female
here on, all the totals
3) bottom=together
(male & female) are mine
Part 1 b. Table 4: Personnel on agricul
Maximum working
Number working from June 13, 1906
Of the . . . persons on June 12, 1907 to June 12, 1907 of them
personnel perma- of them total nent total casual enterlabour
labour prises
12. 6.
1907 maximum
Under
522,343
325,043
964,858
516,509 1,060,700
147,753
381,957
0.5 ha
1,491,964
528,973
1,648,732
231,555
912,947
991,575
2,014,307
854,016
2,613,590
748,064
801,850
492,153
1,240,243
563,252
492,565
60,418
242,890
0.5-2 ha
1,536,895
802,695
1,812,754
397,971
432,147
524,494
2,338,745 1,294,848
3,052,997
961,223
1,330,625
1,012,783
1,709,508
519,004
93,154
23,101
69,240
2-5 ha
1,583,252
1,066,337
1,941,006
498,023
70,053
109,349
2,913,877
2,079,120
3,650,514
1,017,027
2,324,888
1,882,107
3,045,451
992,858
14,227
8,391
23,602
5-20 ha
2,270,970
1,618,741
3,024,803 1,047,081
5,836
20,285
4,595,858 3,500,848
6,070,254
2,039,939
1,139,898
919,070
1,565,150
613,760


2,353
20-100 ha
929,535
634,009
1,310,234
593,277

1,382
2,069,433
1,553,079
2,875,384
1,207,037
100 ha
728,224
542,097
844,301
301,164


and over
509,105
291,815
625,384
330,517
—

1,237,329
833,912
1,469,685
631,681 incl.
560,063
416,934
636,171
218,795


200 ha
380,727
218,221
458,853
239,469
—

and over
940,790
635,155
1,095,024
458,264
6,847,828
5,173,253
9,369,511 3,506,547 1,661,463
240,314
720,736
Total
8,321,721 4,942,570
10362,913
3,098,424
1,421,149
1,647,696
15,139,549 10,115,823 19,732,424
6,604,971
1,661,463 2,368,432
1,239,883
1,001,675
1,593,788
483,185
11,822
6,563
17,668
5-10 ha
1,251,454
892,956
1,616,384
502,028
5,259
15,890
2,491,337
1,894,631
3,210,172
985,213
11,822
1,085,005
880,432
1,451,663
509,673
2,405
1,828
5,934
10-20 ha
1,019,516
725,785
1,408,419
545,053

4,395
2,104,521
1,606,217
2,860,082
1,054,726

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
tural enterprises by number and sex employed in agricultural enterprises, including managers:


4-5 personnel personnel personnel entermaxi- entermaxi-
entermaxi- prises
12. 6.
mum prises
12. 6.
mum prises
12. 6.
mum
1907
1907
1907
324,880
250,567
318,171
66,372
79,406
95,129
19,644
34,269
39,695
399,193
434,458
119,710
130,939
48,554
53,319
82,823
93,014
426,043
319,863
446,119 182,016
224,209
277,889
81,584
151,820
176,531
532,223
618,457
3321,839
367,778
194,193
220,032
346,013
396,563
330,535
296,159
414,281 312,821
431,143
539,652 222,679
449,854
529,782
364,911
474,573
507,320
611,119
498,361
577,755
948,215 1,107,537
121,400
126,194
212,595 252,719
385,231
542,336 475,524 1,058,301 1,361,568
116,606
208,956
372,926
537,519
1,032,429 1,344,729
2,354
2,943
7,977
8,605
15,911
33,406
57,167
150,793
247,806
1,765
6,302
9,904
24,169
111,409
193,646
262,202
441,452


1,378


2,377


1,205,244
995,781 1,399,535 822,582 1,135,995 1,488,934 856,756 1,845,537 2,356,760
1,414,707 1,743,121
1,331,751 1,671,986
1,885,179 2,390,480
2,410,488 3,142,656
2,467,746 3,160,920
3,730,716 4,747,240
102,110
104,613
166,855 194,618
290,540
389,482 274,771
590,891
728,042
99,607
165,933
293,314
397,234
599,881
738,760
204,220
583,854
1,190,772 1,466,802
19,290
21,581
45,740
58,101
94,691
152,854 200,753
467,410
633,526
16,999
42,023
79,612
140,285
432,548
605,969
899,958 1,239,495
[ctd on next page]

V. I. LENIN

[ctd]
Of the . . . persons employed in agricul
6- 10
11- 20
21- 30 personnel personnel personnel
Under
2,239
6,007
7,203

1,325
1,793


0.5 ha
9,095
10,338
1,212
1,487


15,102
17,541
11,710
33,370
38,251

6,147
7,263

2,115
2,788
0.5-2 ha
45,959
51,753
7,096
8,093
1,372
1,918
79,329
90,004
32,692
102,339
115,989
2,450
15,942
18,246

4,692
5,719
2-5 ha
116,750
132,611
17,842
20,252
3,530
4,126
219,089
248,600
185,008
629,332
766,674
11,760
76,534
87,732
1,363
16,593
18,976
5-20 ha
629,739
778,448
80,289
93,320
16,632
19,151
1,259,071 1,545,122
150,553
609,305
827,983
36,727 259,354 322,736
4,026
50,242
60,187
20-100 ha
494,583
690,869
229,139 289,113
47,615
58,008
1,103,888
1,518,852
100 ha

5,551
10,345
3,569
35,656
49,619
3,966
61,029
76,503 and over
2,610
6,736
20,330
33,356
39,705
54,314
8,161
17,081 incl.


2,001

4,379
6,923
1,058
18,704
23,959
200 ha

1,662
1,753
3,933
8,823
14,126 and over

3,663
383,194 1,385,904 1,766,445
55,661 394,958 487,389
9,876 135,154 164,740
Total
1,298,736 1,670,755
355,908 445,621
109,210 137,971
2,684,640 3,437,200
750,866 933,010
244,364
302,711
62,941
206,045
242,528
3,741
24,802
27,973

6,356
7,329
5-10 ha
214,834
252,678
26,293
29,895
6,152
6,992
420,879
495,206
51,095
12,508
122,067
423,287
524,146
8,019
51,732
59,759

10,237
11,647
10-20 ha
414,905
525,770
53,996
63,425
10,480
12,189
838,192 1,049,916 enterprises
12. 6.
1907 maximum enterprises
12. 6.
1907 maximum enterprises
12. 6.
1907 maximum

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
tural enterprises, including managers:
31- 50
51- 100
101-200 over 200 personnel personnel personnel personnel


1,322


1,484
1,810

1,099
1,300


1,109


1,042


2,758
3,229

2,303
2,543

1,548
1,760


1,381
1,790
1,271
1,482


1,004 94,582

10,027
11,701

7,244
8,867

3,942
4,684

3,099
3,273
8,180
9,886
4,289
5,294
2,479
3,097
1,565
1,650
1,167
23,278
28,875

13,236
16,475

8,687
10,719

5,560
5,936
19,968
25,538
7,763
11,525
4,440
6,240
2,783
2,946
5,956
141,141 164,612 6,230 255,654 289,423 2,115 160,220 176,208 406
68,261
74,315
95,068 118,881
177,056 212,650
119,793 136,154
54,249
60,858
3,379
87,952 103,628 5,431 229,374 258,941 2,043 154,674 169,638 388
64,198
69,826
48,939
64,070
152,908 183,845
116,005
131,735
51,910
58,191
7,797 179,278 211,203 6,815 280,388 319,930 2,296 176,171 195,442 456
78,348 85,199
125,610 157,716
191,189 231,989
128,423 147,547
59,859
66,604
304,888 368,919
471,577 551,919
304,594 342,989
138,207 151,803*)

3,441
4,087

3,282
3,772

1,460
1,740

1,890
2,041
2,760
3,366
1,722
2,102


6,201
5,004
2,188
2,794

6,586
7,614

3,962
5,095

2,482
2,944

1,209
1,232
5,420
6,520
2,567
3,192
1,751
2,167


*) Σ maximum (> 6 labourers)= 6,088,551. Σ (maximum)=
19,507,799.
enterprises
12. 6.
1907 maximum enterprises
12. 6.
1907 maximum enterprises
12. 6.
1907 maximum enterprises
12. 6.
1907 maximum

V. I. LENIN

vertical = male order
= female
= total
 Ibid. Table 5. Personnel in agricultural enterprises
Managers
Family β working of them permanently α others total lease-
(man- of them owners holders agers, m./f.
under 14 superviyears sors, etc.)
Under
279,464
135,084
98,928
45,452
31,353
2,364
0.5 ha
135,017
92,817
33,816
8,384
369,641
2,841
414,481
227,901
132,744
53,836
400,994
5,205
363,273
304,138
45,309
13,826
98,286
7,904
0.5-2 ha
123,044
110,100
10,901
2,043
643,391
8,311
486,317
414,238
56,210
15,869
741,677
16,215
681,216
635,969
38,392
6,855
272,863
16,468
2-5 ha
73,917
70,880
2,611

920,203
16,647
755,133
706,849
41,003
7,281
1,193,066
33,115
936,185
906,121
25,478
4,586
626,299
26,790
5-20 ha
57,062
55,692
1,028

1,247,274
25,239
993,247
961,813
26,506
4,928
1,873,573
52,029
242,975
228,370
11,360
3,245
185,277
5,258
20-100 ha
13,585
12,974


275,514
4,749
256,560
241,344
11,811
3,405
460,791
10,007
100 ha and
22,980
12,978
5,107
4,895
4,191

over


6,193

23,755
13,530
5,274
4,951
10,384

incl.
12,702
6,287
2,957
3,458
1,548

200 ha and


2,138

over
13,138
6,588
3,065
3,485
3,686

2,526,093
2,222,660
224,574
78,859
1,218,269
58,888
Total
403,400
343,015
48,974
11,411
3,462,216
57,926
2,929,493
2,565,675
273,548
90,270
4,680,485
116,814
220,716(total farms 225,697)415,295
562,393
544,423
15,448
2,522
333,626
15,548
5-10 ha
35,692
34,868


741,594
14,927
598,085
579,291
16,066
2,728
1,075,220
30,475
373,792
361,698
10,030
2,064
292,673
11,242
10-20 ha
21,370
20,824


505,680
10,312
395,162
382,522
10,440
2,200
798,353
21,554
]
]

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
by status in production and by sex.
members
Outside labour γ working permanent labour those casual labour
temporarily only control- in (α).
lers, bookmale and day la- (β) and keepers, female bourers,
of them etc. (α)
farmlabour- (γ)
m./f.
of them m./f.
under m./f.
hands ers and under η under δ
(β)
Instleute


years ε (γ)
years years ζ
123,306
19,191
1,006
4,297
8,926

73,994

888,204
17,871

19,617
4,229

74,787

1,011,510
37,062
1,472
23,914
13,155

148,781
1,301
184,838
38,533
1,646
12,094
16,854

124,859
1,564
612,088
34,070

27,245
8,529

122,112
1,192
796,926
72,603
2,132
39,339
25,383
1,364
246,971
2,756
177,721
49,761
2,131
32,958
23,615
3,028
140,121
2,766
376,646
42,233

59,365
12,297
2,251
140,269
1,947
554,367
91,994
2,686
92,323
35,912
5,270
280,390
4,713
170,486
66,132
4,965
254,249
60,409
16,750
272,295
9,984
358,981
56,446
1,614
281,870
30,921
7,002
293,248
5,498
529,467
122,578
6,579
536,119
91,330
23,752
656,543
15,482
32,320
12,431
10,146
359,451
121,221
13,702
188,508
12,038
82,948
10,508
3,577
278,809
62,524
4,141
212,578
8,230
115,268
22,939
13,723
638,260
138,745
17,843
401,086
20,268
1,040

44,341
147,731
322,854
4,301
185,087
18,118
3,052

6,229
68,365
210,353
3,689
214,238
18,123
4,092

50,570
215,996
533,207
7,990
399,325
36,241


35,494
106,702
260,488
3,223
142,687
12,907
1,163

4,222
48,452
162,973
2,929
161,343
13,181
1,605

39,716
155,154
423,461
6,152
304,030
26,088
689,711
186,165
64,232
810,780
553,879
38,675
984,864
45,151
2,321,919
161,233
12,930
735,171
328,853
17,989
1,057,232
35,610
3,011,630
347,398
77,162
1,545,951
882,732
56,664
2,042,096
80,761
101,259
6,754
497,655
91,394
288,171
108,928
39,776
2,264
77,028
26,364
6,171
129,280
3,769
221,400
34,115

101,642
13,387
3,187
137,098
2,266
330,328
73,891
2,905
178,670
39,751
9,358
266,378
6,035
61,558
26,356
2,701
177,221
34,045
10,579
143,015
6,215
137,581
22,331

180,228
17,534
3,815
156,150
3,232
199,139
48,687
3,674
357,449
51,579
14,394
299,165
9,447
[ctd on next page]
]
]
]
]
]

V. I. LENIN

[ctd]
Only in this column
Ergo, there are more are totals (m.&f.)
hired than family from the original.
workers in the 20-50
In other columns, the ha group as well totals are mine (My calculation)
Total labour (α&β&γ)
(δ&ε&ζ&η)
total number of persons family hired
Under
522,343
0.5 ha
1,491,964
1,392,862
99,102
2,014,307
1,826,985
187,322
801,850
0.5-2 ha
1,536,895
1,378,523
158,372
2,338,745
2,024,920
313,825
1,330,625
2-5 ha
1,583,252
1,370,766
212,486
2,913,877
2,502,566
411,311
2,324,888
5-20 ha
2,270,970
4,595,858
3,396,287
1,199,57
1,139,898
20-100 ha
929,535
372,047
1,557,488
2,069,433
832,619
1,236,814
100 ha and
728,224 over
509,105
10,020
499,085
1,237,329
38,231
1,199,098 incl. 200 ha
560,063 and over
380,727
940,790
18,429
922,361
6,847,828
Total
8,321,721
6,187,535
2,134,186
15,169,549
10,621,608
4,547,941
1,621,244
737,270
883,974
1,239,883
5-10 ha
1,251,454
998,686
252,768
2,491,337
2,003,633
487,704
1,085,005
10-20 ha
1,019,516
664,631
354,885
2,104,521
1,392,654
711,867

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
(My calculation)
Number of workers
% of minors in
Number of workers under 14 years total per enterprise total
family hired total famihired total famihired ly ly
44,004
42,267
1,737
2.2
2.3
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.1
92,938
88,818
4,120
3.9
4.4
1.3
1.8
1.6
0.2
135,101
125,109
9,992
4.6
4.9
2.4
2.9
2.5
0.4
213,841
174,607
39,234
4.7
5.1
3.3
4.3
3.2
1.1
71,057
32,946
38,111
3.4
3.9
3.1
7.9
3.2
4.7
44,696

44,231
3.6
1.2
3.7
52.5
1.5
50.9
32,476

32,240
3.5
1.2
3.5
73.0
1.4
71.6
601,637
464,212
137,425
3.9
4.4
3.0
2.6
1.8
0.8
3.3
119,759
104,366
15,393
4.8
5.2
3.1
3.8
3.1
0.7
94,082
70,241
23,841
4.5
5.0
3.3
5.1
3.4
1.7

V. I. LENIN

Part  a. Table 6. Cattle population
Number of agricultural enterprises α β no poulpoultry other
both try or but no livestock, poultry total other other
but no and other (β-δ)
livestock livestock poultry livestock α β γ δ
Under 0.5 ha
714, 035
185, 382
498,870
685,773
1,370,025
0.5-2 ha
93,210
44,308
217,790
939,141
1,201,239
2-5 ha
17,812
7,884
69,634
910,947
988,465
5-20 ha
7,075
2,089
28,304
1,028,071
1,058,464
20-100 ha
1,569

3,346
257,069
260,622
100 ha and


1,228
21,979
23,235 over
Incl. 200 ha


11,911
12,747 and over
835,032
239,898
819,172
3,842,980
4,902,050
Total
4,662,152
20-50 ha
5-10 ha
4,824
1,574
21,179
625,221
647,974
10-20 ha
2,251

7,125
402,850
410,490
P
N
N
M
N
N
Q
P
N
N
M
N
N
Q
P
N
NM
N
NQ
P
N
NM
N
NQ
}
}

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
I leave out the number of those owning poultry (and the number
of chickens, ducks, geese)
in agricultural enterprises.
keeping for their farms:
cattle number of owners χ they have total λ number horses
horned horses of of of of such but no cattle and sheep pigs
goats enterhorned but no horned prises cattle horses cattle
164,907
6,573
157,024
1,310
48,348
923,528
705,477
670,552
26,766
618,821
24,965
49,122
908,996
627,417
954,878
20,685
760,651
173,542
55,202
828,156
219,066
1,053,432
9,916
364,882
678,634
140,365
972,062
193,464
260,051
1,368
6,762
251,921
85,909
246,512
35,093
23,182


22,886
11,875
20,566
2,618
12,722


12,588
7,964
11,182
1,415
3,127,002
65,441
1,908,303
1,153,258
390,821
3,899,820
1,783,375
644,040
7,292
299,631
337,117
65,583
585,724
120,813
409,392
2,624
65,251
341,517
74,782
386,338
72,651
[ctd on next page]

V. I. LENIN

[ctd]
Cattle population horned cattle horses of them sheep pigs
total cows
Under
9,598
196,262
173,567
179,402
1,975,177
0.5 ha
0.5-2 ha
61,769
1,119,370
852,962
236,359
2,407,972
2-5 ha
241,636
3,154,323
2,030,808
359,943
3,107,038
5-20 ha
1,323,490
7,873,092
3,989,026
1,448,545
6,334,146
20-100 ha
1,202,174
5,305,871
2,285,643
2,326,268
3,655,146
100 ha and
652,436
2,327,291
1,007,959
4,371,103
1,386,272 over
Incl.
200 ha and
491,670
1,692,299
713,947
3,864,778
1,026,651 over
Total
3,491,103
19,976,209
10,339,965
8,921,620
18,865,751
20-50 ha
5-10 ha
528,088
3,748,888
2,042,953
537,561
3,158,595
10-20 ha
795,402
4,124,194
1,946,073
910,984
3,175,551

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
(My calculation)
(α&β)
(Σ—κ)
(Σ—κ&λ)
goats no live- no cattle no horses stock
1,312,416
899,417
1,919,153
2,076,177
1,384,811
137,518
623,897
1,242,718
< 2 ha
1,036,935
2,543,050
3,318,895
419,208
25,696
51,399
812,050
429,656
9,164
12,107
376,989
99,506
1,776
2,140
8,902
8,314


4,440


3,653,910
1,073,930
2,609,080
4,517,383
255,190
6,398
8,758
308,389
174,466
2,766
3,349
68,600
PNMNQ

V. I. LENIN

Ibid. Table 7. Agricultural enterprises steam ploughs broadcast sowers
own own
Under 0.5
18,466


2,696


0.5-2
114,986


11,442


2-5
325,665


15,780
4,219
4,225
5-20
772,536


87,921
63,067
63,183
20-100
243,365


73,481
67,958
69,919
100 and >
22,957
2,554


15,594
15,527
28,255
200 and >
12,652
2,112


9,429
9,412
20,347
Σ
1,497,975
2,995


206,914
151,307
166,121
5-10 ha
419,170


33,272
19,220
19,246
10-20 ha
353,366


54,649
43,847
43,937
Enterprises using the following types of machines in the
last year farms farms number of steam ploughs owned farms
farms number of sowers owned

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
My symbols:
A= farms using machines in general
B= ” owning machines ”
C= number of own machines of a given type with use of agricultural machinery
reapers seed drills and planters inter-row cultivators own
own
A
B
C


1,132


3,899


6,812
4,422
4,459
4,983
1,578
1,581
1,140
1,052
1,060
137,624
125,640
130,561
33,123
24,319 24,370
4,146
3,726
3,773
136,104
131,292
158,375
30,795
28,125 28,438
6,011
5,597
5,794
19,422
19,297
47,381
9,327
9,274 13,493
2,814
2,793
4,978
10,943
10,887
32,270
5,761
5,741
9,479
1,716
1,706
3,537
301,325
281,398
341,563
83,125
63,541
68,131
14,412
13,381
15,820
36,261
30,816
31,128
10,443
6,273
6,280
1,395
1,214
1,227
101,363
94,824
99,433
22,680
18,046 18,090
2,751
2,512
2,546
[ctd on next page] farms farms number of reapers owned farms
farms number of machines

V. I. LENIN

[ctd] steam threshers (otherthreshers )
potato planters
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
Under 0.5
10,468


5,431


0.5-2
60,750


39,321
10,370
10,405


2-5
127,739
1,455
1,500 163,287 116,187 116,297


5-20
203,438
3,360
3,441 539,285 502,826 503,717


20-100
69,005
4,311
4,380 190,618 185,895 187,317


100 and
17,467
9,906 10,436
9,061
8,656
9,746 1,352 1,342 1,624
>
200 and
10,721
7,702
8,202
3,649
3,488
4,212 1,010 1,005 1,271
>
Σ
488,867 19,828 20,584 947,003 824,378 827,926 2,660 2,289 2,573
5-10 ha
118,840
1,687
1,733 275,793 249,979 250,490


10-20 ha
84,598
1,673
1,708 263,492 252,847


MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
potato lifters grain crushers separators
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C


11,720
10,463
10,550


2,476
2,410
2,414
56,955
53,210
53,328
4,196
3,672
3,691
12,943
12,735
12,750
180,641
175,221
175,467
5,442
5,040
5,193
9,686
9,591
9,627
80,137
78,293
78,556
1,239
1,227
1,839
3,747
3,735
4,009
6,696
6,570
6,897


1,103
2,615
2,612
2,840
3,512
3,438
3,686
11,004 10,006 10,792 29,332
28,941
29,270 336,906
324,427 325,482


4,916
4,808
4,816
85,986
82,807
82,903
3,483
3,101
3,118
8,027
7,927
7,934
94,655
92,414
92,564
Σ — A alone adds up to 2,424,543 for all columns and C — 1,808,704

V. I. LENIN

[Only the first five categories
Ibid. Table 8. Connection between agricul
Number of agricultural sugar distilleries starch refineries
factories
Under 0.5


0.5-2

4,199

2-5

11,459

5-20

13,859

20-100

2,750

100 and >

3,910

200 and >

3,056

Σ

36,759

5-10 ha

8,800

10-20 ha

5,059

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
were counted in 1895] tural enterprises and side-line industries
enterprises connected with:
flour mills breweries saw mills brick works
1,265


3,893


8,383
1,009
1,908
1,285
16,747
2.812
4,895
3,178
4,193
1,343
1,504
1,952


1,449


1,072
35,424
6,034
10,054
8,728
9,467
1,281
2,511
1,621
7,280
1,531
2,384
1,557

V. I. LENIN

Ibid. Table 9. Owners and other supervisory person
Owners and other supervisory personnel at agricultu
A. 1. Agricul
Independent of them managemale and ment and female total
without with supervifarm- side line side line sory perhands
sonnel
Under 0.5 ha
85,213
66,111
19,102
14,175
1,502
0.5-2 ha
364,755
253,337
111,418
4, 591

2-5 ha
717,699
495,439
222,280


5-20 ha
980,145
809,107
171,038


20-100 ha
253,877
230,363
23,514


100 ha
22,731
18,259
4,472

—
and over
200 ha
12,568
9,541
3,027

—
and over
Total
2,424,420
1,872,616
551,804
19,783
2,441
5-10 ha
588,958
468,744
120,214


10-20 ha
391,187
40,363
50,824


Total A (A.1&A.2-6)=under 0.5 ha= 494,761
= 1,063,336
0.5-2 ” = 568,575
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!

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
nel at agricultural enterprises by main occupation:
ral enterprises were distributed by mainoccupation as follows:
ture
A. -6 Vegetable gar-
B. Industry
dening, livestock farming fisheries, etc.
independent ancillary personnel of them day of them apprenlabourers,
indeancillary engaged tices, labourers pendent personnel
total in handitotal assistants crafts and workers
351,347
11,940
30,584
253,194
17,663
752,278
703,935
155,330
13,007
30,114
203,677
10,042
305,102
291,039
16,636
5,564
12,688
108,968
2,206
65,004
61,212
1,078
2,040
4,979
37,575

5,477
4,613


3,512


—


—

—
—


—

—
524,398
33,003
78,560
607,156
30,116
1,127,996
1,060,842
1,053
1,458
2,628
28,811

4,950
4,276


2,351
8,764


[ctd on next page]
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V. I. LENIN

Owners and other supervisory personnel at agricul by mainoccupa
C. 1-1 1
C. 1 - 6
C. 7
Trade and
Transport and
Hotels and Inns
Insurance
Communications
Under 0.5 ha
70,786
14,878
11,993
104,011
27,837

From 0.5 ha
40,908
3,089
10,046
32,454
23,104

to under 2 ha
2-5
17,703

7,544
8,286
17,454

5-20
7,215

3,646
1,016
12,728

20-100


—
100 and >

—

—

—
200 ha

—

—

—
and over
Total
137,368
18,607
33,475
145,877
81,951
1,139
5-10 ha
5,386

2,768

9,281

10-20 ha
1,829


3,447

Independent
Ancillary personnel
Independent
Ancillary personnel
Independent
Ancillary personnel
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MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
My
This figures letter is mine tural enterprises were distributed
tion as follows
D
E
F
G
H
K
17,351
101,442
227,116

5,746
1,481
2,084,060
1,273,137
&14,175
3780
29,086
70,333

2,108
1,915
1,294,449
530,889
&4,591

11,297
13,823


1,732
1,006,277

3,916
3,307


1,850
1,065,539


262,191
—


—
—

23,566
—


—
—

12,887
21,686
146,558
315,043

8,129
8,112
5,736,082

2,636
2,515


1,041
652,798

1,280


412,741
Household services and casual hired labour
Private and public employment, the professions
No occuption, and no occupation reported
Domestic servants living in
Members of households without trade at all or only with side line
Managers of public enterprises
Total of them hired labour (Σ of the columns marked in red pencil)
}è
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V. I. LENIN

Part 1 b: Table 3. Ploughland
Of the total area
Number
Their ofthis of farms total with area plough in ha
Total spring winter land wheat wheat cereals accord
Under
1,352,763
368,098
246,961
1,299
1,912
0.5 ha
0.5-2 ha
1,232,970
1,588,736
976,345
8,115
21,819
49.1
5.0
0.4
2.6
0.9
1.8
2-5 ha
985,613
3,948,861
2,350,006
17,468
99,763
54.6
9.6
0.4
4.9
2.3
7.5
5-20 ha
1,050,696
13,124,460
7,728,039
72,891
430,479
56.1
31.6
0.5
20.3
3.1
32.5
20-
259,475
11,942,678
7,220,699
106,714
426,074
100 ha
57.2
29.6
0.9
29.8
3.4
32.2
100 ha
23,262
9,368,409
5,910,304
151,878
343,725 and over
59.6
24.2
1.5
42.4
3.5
26.0
200 ha
12,769
7,379,305
4,683,308
114,751
262,029 and over
Total
4,904,779
40,341,242
24,432,354
358,365
1,323,772
56.7
100.0
0.8
100.0
3.1
100.0
< 2 ha) 1,223,306
9,414
23,731
 2-20) 10,078,045
90,359
536,242
 > 20) 13,131,003
258,592
769,799
5-10 ha
641,983
5,034,959
3,379,657
26,818
178,520
10-20 ha
408,713
7,489,501
4,348,382
46,073
251,959
Bottom %% (Zahn, 1910, p. 574109):
=% of total area of figure is % of all area under agiven cereal, etc. [see p. 3 0
* See p. 327.—Ed.

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
and its cultivation ploughland makes up under all these 7 = total area under
cereals (after Zahn)
spelt rye barley oats mixed sugarcereals beet ing to Zahn
1,615
32,386
8,511
10,667
1,444
1,257
14,235
260,602
56,479
105,499
15,809
8,473
0.6
6.9
11.8
4.8
2.6
4.0
4.7
2.7
0.7
1.9
0.4
1.9
53,576
648,844
157,406
371,046
51,873
18,858
1.2
23.1
15.1
10.6
3.7
9.7
8.6
8.8
1.9
5.8
0.4
3.7
117,920
2,106,517
542,951
1,473,212
204,784
77,582
0.9
50.5
15.3
34.5
4.0
33.5
10.7
35.0
1.5
22.7
0.6
15.1
42,730
1,795,482
476,069
1,384,181
273,528
125,961
0.3
18.9
14.2
29.4
3.8
29.4
10.9
32.9
2.2
30.3
1.0
24.5
1,460
1,262,945
379,896
865,713
354,560
281,691
0.0
0.6
12.8
20.7
3.8
23.4
8.7
20.6
3.6
39.3
2.8
54.8

1,018,704
298,069
651,013
288,599
221,857
231,536
6,106,776
1,621,312
4,210,318
901,998
513,822
0.5
100.0
14.2
100.0
3.7
100.0
9.8
100.0
2.1
100.0
1.2
100.0
15,850
292,988
64,990
116,166
17,253
9,730
171,496
2,755,361
700,357
1,844, 256,657
96,440
44,190
3,058,427
855,965
2,249,894
628,088
407,652
63,433
916,289
239,689
624,989
81,684
31,327
54,487
1,190,228
202,262
848,223
123,100
46,255
[ctd on next page] agricultural enterprises (=43,106,486), and the second
of this notebook*].
!
!

V. I. LENIN

[ctd] (This table is taken in full.)
Of the total area ploughland makes up of this sown to vegeother
field fallow potatoes fodder tables field pasture (bare)
plants in fields crops
Under
166,327
8,139
7,787
3,733

1,139
0. 5 ha
0. 5- 2 ha
333,605
80,516
20,877
29,127
11,836
9,353
20.1
15.8
3.6
3.4
1.1
10.8
1.3
3.1
0.5
1.2
0.4
1.0
2- 5 ha
447,484
262,426
42,916
94,397
42,207
41,742
10.4
14.1
6.1
10.1
1.0
16.2
2.2
8.9
1.0
3.9
1.0
4.2
5- 20 ha
948,993
841,726
100,569
308,102
221,618
280,695
6.9
29.9
6.1
32.6
0.7
37.9
2.2
29.0
1.6
20.4
2.0
28.4
20- 100 ha
609,723
720,375
62,546
310,916
492,910
393,490
4.8
19.2
5.7
27.9
0.5
23.5
2.5
29.2
3.9
45.5
3.1
39.5
100 ha
667,698
671,500
30,841
316,388
315,073
266,936 and over
6.7
21.0
6.8
26.0
0.3
11.6
3.2
29.8
3.2
29.0
2.7
26.9
200 ha
562,501
528,225
22,351
254,403
246,139
214,385 and over
Total
3,173,830
2,584,682
265,536
1,062,663
1,084,389
993,355
7.4 100.0
6.0 100.0
0.6
100.0
2.5
100.0
2.5 100.0
2.3 100.0
< 2 ha)
499,932
88,655
28,664
32,860
12,581
10,492
2- 20)
1,396,477
1,104,152
143,485
402,499
263,825
322,437
> 20)
1,277,421
1,391,875
93,387
627,304
807,983
660,426
5- 10 ha
470,609
381,869
49,776
134,387
79,264
102,003
10- 20 ha
478,384
459,857
50,793
173,715
142,354
179,692

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
%% according to Zahn
Total
Vege-
Cereals area table
Meadows
Fat
Vineunder gardens pastures yards cereals
< 2 ha
13.7
4.3
21.7
3.7
5.9
30.7
12.6
5.2
0.5
1.5
1.4
30.6
2-5
19.0
10.2
32.5
9.5
1.7
15.2
18.6
13.5
1.0
4.9
0.9
34.1
5-20
19.8
34.0
36.0
33.5
1.0
28.8
16.8
38.9
1.5
24.1
0.3
29.6
20-100
18.8
29.6
35.7
30.5
0.6
16.6
12.7
26.8
3.3
49.2
0.1
5.1

and >
17.8
21.9
33.9
22.8
0.4
8.7
9.4
15.6
1.7
20.3
0.0
0.6
Σ
18.6
100.0
34.2
100.0
1.1
100.0
13.8
100.0
2.0
100.0
0.3
100.0
Area under
Waste
Total forest
Small and un-
Other
Total farmland huspastures suitable land area bandry land
< 2 ha
69.5
5.4
20.6
6.7
2.2
5.2
2.4
4.0
5.3
12.4
100.0
5.8
2-5
76.8
10.4
15.2
8.5
2.2
9.1
3.1
9.1
2.7
11.0
100.0
10.0
5-20
75.7
32.7
15.4
27.6
2.6
33.5
4.4
40.9
1.9
25.4
100.0
31.9
20-100
73.9
29.3
17.3
28.5
2.8
33.7
4.4
37.4
1.6
19.5
100.0
29.3

and >
71.1
22.2
22.2
28.7
2.0
18.5
1.3
8.6
3.4
31.7
100.0
23.0
Σ
73.9
100.0
17.8
100.0
2.5
100.0
3.4
100.0
2.4
100.0
100.0
100.0

V. I. LENIN

Ibid. Table 2. Number and area of farms
Agricultural enter-
Of the total area prises in general number land land other
of enterarea owned lease land *)
prises
Under 0.5 ha
357,945
85,395
6,332
20,068
48,995
0.5 -2 ha
182,806
182,068
77,613
60,207
44,248
2 -5 ha
34,998
113,967
73,209
35,407
5,351
5 -20 ha
3,751
27,679
19,590
7,434

20 -100 ha
—
—
—
—
—
100 ha and over
—
—
—
—
—
200 ha and over
—
—
—
—
—
Total
579,500
409,109
186,744
123,116
99,249
< 2 ha
2-20 ha
> 20 ha
5-10 ha
3,687
26,769
18,945
7,183

10-20 ha


*) Other land=Dienstland, Deputant land, etc.

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
I have made heavy cuts in this table, leaving out details for owned and leased
land, etc.
of agricultural labourers and day labourers
Of the total area
Farms holding land exclusively under vegetable ploughgardens and orunder
farmland under under land chards (without vine- in general
vegetable potatoes decorative yards gardens gardens)
64,735
11,404

79,383
43,904
113,345
132,140
8,210
1,627
167,420
1,034
13,388
72,877
2,222

101,679


16,123


24,018
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
285,875
22,245
2,754
372,500
44,983
126,771
15,665


23,235
—
—


—

—
—

V. I. LENIN

per farm all livestock
Quantity of farmland in terms all livestock ha of in terms of
big cattle big cattle
0.17
0.4
826,963
854,016
1.1
1.54
1,922,168
1,294,848
3.2
4.2
4,243,647
2,079,120
4,595,858
3,500,848
35.5
29.2
7,662,750
1,553,079
299.3
159.8
3,764,098
833,912
940,790
635,155
5.5
5.1
29,380,405
2,749,131
15,204,426
11,426,848
2,386,991
7.0
7.8
5,141,657
1,894,631
14.1
14.1
5,819,122

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
bottom:
Per permanent labourer of them permanent
All livestock labourers
Farmland in terms ha of
Number of big cattle all labourers
0.4
0.9
2,014,307
854,016
1.6
1.5
2,338,745
1,294,848
1.6
2.3
2,913,877
2,079,120
4,595,858
3,500,848
6.0
4.9
2,069,433
1,553,079
8.4
4.5
1,237,329
833,912
940,790
635,155
3.1
2.9
15,169,549
10,115,823
< 2 ha
4,353,052
2,148,864
2-20:
7,509,735
5,579,968
> 20:
3,306,762
2,386,991
2.4
2.7
2,491,337
1,894,631
3.6
3.6
2,104,521
1,606,217
]]
]]
]]
]]
]]
]]
]]
]]
]]
]]

V. I. LENIN

Statistics of the German
For comparison, I take the 1895 data
Farms with agricultural number in particular of
1 8 9 5 agricultural no livestock total enterprises livestock
in
number of general such enterprises
< 2 ha
3,237,030
831,771
2,405,259
965,517
2-5
1,016,318
26,658
989,660
960,110
5-20
998,804
9,090
989,714
985,911
5-10
605,814
6,542
599,272
596,429
10-20
392,990
2,548
390,442
389,482
20-100
281,767
1,837
279,930
279,274
100 and >
25,061

24,681
24,638
1895:
5,558,980
869,736
4,689,244
3,215,450
1907:
5,736,082
1,073,930
4,662,152
3,127,002
&177,102
&204,194
—27,092
—88,448
1895
2-1 ha
676,215
91,406
584,809
521,172
1-2 ha
707,235
51,708
655,527
243,588*)
1882:
5,276,344
834,441
4,441,903
3,255,887
% offarms no livestock livestock in general
1895
1882
1895
1882
< 2 ha
25.70
26.30
74.30
73.70
2-5
2.62
2.36
97.38
97.64
5-20
0.91
0.56
99.09
99.44
20-100
0.65
0.26
99.35
99.74
100 and >
1.52
0.38
98.48
99.62
Total
15.65
15.81
84.35
84.19
*) These figures erroneously transposed:
243,588 refers to 50 ares-1 ha
521,172 refers to 1 ha-2 ha
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!

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
Reich, Vol. 112 on the number of farms with livestock:
or dairy production keeping for their farm big cattle in general
specifically horses and horned but horned sheep pigs goats
horned no horned cattle but cattle cattle no horses
28,954
40,080
896,483
141,466
1,731,919
1,330,953
152,440
20,968
786,702
80,057
799,803
192,272
584,561
10,601
390,749
184,648
887,424
160,808
278,748
7,536
310,145
87,985
527,741
98,071
305,813
3,065
80,604
96,663
359,683
62,737
267,190
1,473
10,611
122,498
266,073
34,306
24,357


15,072
22,222
2,609
1,057,502
73,271
2,084,677
543,741
3,707,441
1,720,948
1,153,258
65,441
1,908,303
390,821
3,899,820
1,783,375
&95,756
—7,830
—176,374
—152,920
&192,379
&62,427
&87,926
5,067
12,213
226,308
34,911
428,775
357,522
21,752
18,829
480,591
41,101
483,609
246,734
996,244
42,180
2,217,463
749,217
2,950,588
1,505,357 with big cattle horses and horses but no horned cattle but
in general horned cattle horned cattle no horses
1895
1882
1895
1882
1895
1882
1895
1882
29.83
35.84
0.89
0.91
1.24
0.64
27.70
34.29
94.47
95.18
15.00
14.83
2.06
1.47
77.41
78.88
98.71
99.17
58.53
57.31
1.06
0.78
39.12
41.08
99.12
99.68
94.83
94.87
0.52
0.28
3.77
4.53
98.31
99.55
97.19
99.07
0.59
0.13
0.53
0.35
57.84
61.71
19.02
18.88
1.32
0.80
37.50
42.03
T
N
N
M
N
N
U

V. I. LENIN

1 8 9 5
Number of those
Number of farms owning horned cattle without big without
1 8 9 5
1 9 0 7 cattle:
horses:
Under 2 ha
2,271,513
3,167,996
925,437
802,120— 2 -5 ha
56,208
842,910
939,142
934,193— 5 -20 ha
12,893
403,642
975,310
1,043,516&
5 -10 ha
9,385
319,530
588,893
636,748&
10 -20 ha
3,508
84,112
386,417
406,768&
20 -100 ha
2,493
13,104
277,801
258,683— 100 and over


24,489
23,049— 1895
2,343,530
4,428,207
3,142,179
3,061,561— 1907
2,609,080
4,517,383
3,061,561
&265,550
&89,176
—80,618
3,213,707 (1882)
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PMQ

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY


⋆


Number of those owning livestock in general (Nutzvieh)
1895
1907
Under 0.5 ha
1,164,923
1,184,643&
0.5 -2 ha
1,240,336
1,156,931— < 2 ha
2,405,336
2,341,574— 2 -5
989,660
980,581— 5 -10
599,272
646,400&
10 -20
390,422
409,975— 2 -20 ha
1,979,374
2,036,956&
20 -100
279,930
260,415 — 100 and >
24,681
23,207— 20 and >
304,611
283,622— Total
4,689,244
4,662,152— 1882:
4,441,903 cf. Schmelzle110
N.B.
Number of horned cattle per owning farm
1895
1907
& %
1.53
1.64
7.2
2.98
3.38
10.3
5.05
5.89
16.6
8.42
10.14
20.4
16.74
20.51
22.5
79.92
100.97
26.3

V. I. LENIN

[Cows not counted separately in 1895]
Growth of livestock horses horned cattle
1885
1 9 0 7
1895
1 9 0 7
0.5-2 ha
14,528
9,598
—
237,606
196,363
—
< 0.5 ha
74,356
61,769
—
1,177,633
1,119,370
—
50-ares 1 ha
21,866
305,904 (1895
=100)
1-2 ha
52,490
871,729
1907:
 2 ha
88,884
71,367
—
1,415,239
1,315,632
—
2 -5
225,998
241,636
&
2,802,900
3,154,323
&
112.5
5 -20
1,147,454
1,323,490
&
6,227,233
7,873,092
&

5 -10
441,345
528,088
&
2,974,531
3,748,898
&
126.0
10 -20
706,109
795,402
&
3,252,702
4,124,194
&
126.8
20 -100
1,254,223
1,202,174
—
4,650,993
5,305, 871
&
114.1
100 and >
650,739
652,436
&
1,957,277
2,327,291
&
118.8
Σ=
3,367,298
3,491,103
&
17,053,642
19,976,209
&
1882
3,114,420
15,454,372 cows:
12,689,526
1882 bulls:
2,764,846

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
population sheep pigs
1885
1 9 0 7
1895
1 9 0 7
223,453
179,402
—
1,473,823
1,975,177
&
344,234
236,359
—
1,992,166
2,407,972
&
142,297
873,416 (1895
=100)
201,937
1,118,750
567,687
415,761
—
3,465,989
4,383,149
&
126.4
489,275
359,943
—
2,338,588
3,107,038
&
132.8
1,871,295
1,448,545
—
4,210,934
6,334,146
&
150.0
682,591
537,561
—
2,106,453
3,158,595
&
1,188,704
910,984
—
2,104,481
3,175,551
&
3,498,936
2,326,268
—
2,658,560
3,655,146
&
132.9
6,165,677
4,371,103
—
888,571
1,386,272
&
167.2
12,592,870
8,921,620
—
13,562,642
18,865,751
&
21,116,957
8,431,266
[ctd on next page]

V. I. LENIN

[ctd]
In terms of big cattle sheep = 0; pig = 4; goat =  goats
see
p. 43*
1895
1 9 0 7
1895
1907
< 0.5 ha
1,260,176
1,312,416
747,651
826,963 &
79,012
< 0.5-2 ha
1,225,174
1,384,810
1,886,552
1,922,168 &
35,616
50 ares-1 ha
754,841
1895
1-2 ha
470,333
=100
< 2 ha
2,485,350 2,691,226
2,634,503
2,749,131 & 114,628
2 -5 ha
295,194
419,208
3,687,071
4,243,647 & 556,576
5 -20 ha
252,096
429,656
8,635,557
10,960,779
126.9
5 -10 ha
148,328
255,190
4,023,109
5,141,657 &1,118,548
10 -20 ha
103,768
174,466
4,612,448
5,819,122 &1,206,674
20 -100 ha
64,374
99,506
6,925,115
7,662,750 &
737,635
100 and >
8,237
8,314
3,447,412
3,764,098 &
316,686
Total
3,105,251 3,653,910 25,329,658 29,380,405 & 4 . . . . .
1882
2,452,527
* See p. 368.—Ed.

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
Agricultural enterprises
Total area
Cultivated farmland
1895
1907
1895
1907
1 8 9 5
1 9 0 7
Under 0.5 ha
1,852,917
2,084,060
&
522,712
619,066
&
327,930
359,553
&
0.5-2 ha
1,383,450
1,294,449
—
1,893,202
1,872,936
—
1,460,514
1,371,758
—
< 2 ha
3,236,367
3,378,509
&
2,415,914
2,4192,002
&
1,808,444
1,731,311
—
2 -5
1,016,318
1,006,277
—
4,142,071
4,306,421
&
3,285,984
3,304,878
&
5 -10
605,814
652,798
&
5,355,138
5,997,626
&
4,233,656
4,607,090
&
10 -20
392,990
412,741
&
7,182,522
7,770,895
&
5,488,219
5,814,474
&
2 -20
2,015,122
2,071,816
&
16,679,731
18,074,942
&
13,007,859
13,726,442
&
20 -100
281,767
262,191
—
13,157,201
12,623,011
—
9,869,837
9,322,103
—
100 and >
25,061
23,566
—
11,031,896
9,916,531
—
7,831,801
7,055,018
—
20 and >
306,828
285,757
—
24,189,097
22,539,542
—
17,701,638
16,377,121
—
Total
5,558,317
5,736,082
&
43,284,742
43,106,486
—
32,517,941
31,834,874
—

V. I. LENIN

Horses
Horned
Sheep
Pigs cattle
1907 1895 1882 1907 1895 1882 1907 1895 1882 1907 1895 1882
< 2 ha
2.1
2.6
1.8
6.6
8.3
10.4
4.7
4.6
3.6
23.2 25.6 24.7
2 -5 ha
6.9
6.7
6.5
15.8 16.4 16.9
4.0
3.9
3.5
16.5 17.2 17.6
5 -20 ”
37.9 34.1 34.2 39.4 36.5 35.7 16.2 14.8 12.7 33.6 31.0 31.4
20 -100 ”
34.4 37.3 38.6 26.6 27.3 27.0 26.1 27.8 26.0 19.4 19.6 20.6
> 100 ”
18.7 19.3 18.9 11.6
11.5 10.0 49.0 49.0 54.2
7.3
6.6
5.7
Σ


Per 100 ha of farmland
< 2 ha
4.1
4.9
3.1 76.0
7.3 88.4 24.0 31.4 41.2 235.2 191.7 114.1
2-5 ha
7.3
6.9
6.4 95.4 85.3 81.8 10.9 14.9 22.8 94.0 71.2 46.6
5-20 ”
12.7
11.8
11.6 75.5 64.1 60.2 13.9 19.3 29.4 60.8 43.3 28.9
20-100 ”
12.9 12.7 12.1 56.9 47.1 42.1 25.0 35.5 55.5 39.2 26.9 17.5
100 ha and >
9.2
8.3
7.5 33.0 25.0 19.8 62.0 78.7 147.1
19.6 11.3
6.2
Σ
11.0 10.4
9.8 62.7 52.4 48.5 28.0 38.7 66.3 59.3 41.7 26.5
Zahn, Annalen
1910
p. 588
P
M
Q
P
M
Q

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
Goats
1907
1895
1882
73.8
80.0
80.6
11.5
9.5
9.2
11.8
8.1
7.9
2.7
2.1
2.1
0.2
0.2
0.2


155.8
137.4
108.2
12.7
9.0
7.1
4.1
2.6
2.1
1.1
0.7
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
11.5
9.5
7.7
Zahn, p. 593
Forced sales per 10,000 agricultural enterprises (Bavaria)
(1 9 0 3 -1 9 0 7 )
< 2 ha
41.6
2- 5
39.7
5- 10
35.0
10- 20
32.9
20- 50
46.3
50- 100
102.4
100 and >
193.2
39.4
Odd fact:
reduction in the number of cows since 1882!! Possibly not comparable data
1882:
cows pigs
< 2 ares
2,405
11,908
2-5 ares
8,164
41,524
5-20 ares
64,527
258,184
20 ares-1 ha
565,230
1,027,664
1-2
937,158
744,402
2,083,682
2 -5
2,385,617
1,487,852
5 -10
2,133,423
1,307,490
10 -20
2,267,912
1,339,383
4,134,725
20 -50
2,528,533
1,383,768
50 -100
728,778
348,797
1,732,565
100 -200
313,957
136,012
200 -500
455,384
204, 1 8 1
500 -1,000
249,831
11 6,865
1,000 and >
48,607
23,236
480,294
Σ=12,689,526
8,431,266

V. I. LENIN


Population by main occupation of those gainfully employed
members of total number household family of persons gainfully
servants without main in this employed living in occupation
category (1-3)
Σ [total]
2,295,210
118,677
4,723,729
7,137,616
A 1 m [men]
1,997,419
3,861
1,902,489
3,903,769 w [women]
297,791
114,816
2,821,240
3,233,847
137,710
15,731
282,476
435,917
A 2
112,367

112,442
225,015
25,343
15,525
170,034
210,902
17,416
5,529
21,475
44,420
A 3
14,960

7,197
22,259
2,456
5,427
14,278
22,161
44,368
3,272
19,671
67,311
B 1
30,845

6,306
37,181
13,523
3,242
13,365
30,130
28,722

67,834
96,984
B 2
26,468
—
25,490
51,958
2,254

42,344
45,026
3,476

2,937
6,803
B 3
3,257


4,079


2,117
2,724
* See p. 370.—Ed.
** Columns 7 and 8 are here reversed, as in the original. See Lenin’s
See
p. 45*
PMQ
PMQ
PMQ
PMQ
PMQ

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY


8**
7**

of the gainfully employed (1)
of the gain- in general fully employtotal number engaged in
ed (1) with of persons with side side line, as side line (as
engaged in lines an occupation, an occuparespective side line
(auxiliary specified in tion) notably occupation employment)
preceding in agricul- (1&8)
in general column ture
1,779,464
515,746
1,334,235
48,749
3,629,445
1,508,547
488,872
1,221,485
42,686
3,218,904
270,917
26,874
112,750
6,063
410,541
107,089
30,621
613,701
7,590
751,411
84,176
28,191
570,865
6,520
683,232
22,913
2,430
42,836
1,070
68,179
15,130
2,286
326,049

343,465
12,899
2,061
303,203

318,163
2,231

22,846

25,302
42,547
1,821
1,001

45,369
29,213
1,632


31,614
13,334


13,775
20,074
8,648
1,064
7,927
29,786
17,871
8,597

7,893
27,465
2,203


2,321
3,109


3,705
3,894


3,478


[ctd on next page] remarks on p. 370—Ed.

V. I. LENIN


Population by main occupation of those gainfully employed
members of total number household family of persons gainfully
servants without main in this employed living in occupation
category (1-3)
3,883,034

94,889
3,978,046
C 1
1,051,057
—
37,772
1,088,829
2,831,977

57,117
2,889,217
1,332,717

24,428
1,357,227
C 2
707,538
—
9,697
717,235
625,179

14,731
639,992
259,390

572,324
832,490
C 3
213,717
—
216,958
430,675
45,673

355,366
401,815
236,534
1,248
690,610
928,392
C 4
219,220
—
276,140
495,360
17,314
1,248
414,470
433,032
1,343,225
1,231
691,009
2,035,465
C 5
646,236
—
265,412
911,648
696,989
1,231
425,597
1,123,817
Total
9,581,802
147,487
7,191,382
16,920,671
 I A
5,023,084
4,201
2,860,723
7,888,008
4,558,718
143,286
4,330,659
9,032,663
PMQ
PMQ
PMQ
PMQ
PMQ
PMQ

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY


of the gainfully employed (1)
of the gain- in general fully employtotal number engaged in
ed (1) with of persons with side side line, as side line (as
engaged in lines an occupation, an occuparespective side line
(auxiliary specified in tion) notably occupation employment)
preceding in agricul- (1&8)
in general column ture
3,741,662
141,372
2,951,361
1,239
6,834,395
980,807
70,250
589,229

1,640,286
2,760,855
71,122
2,362,132

5,194,109
1,319,072
13,645
79,539

1,412,256
697,078
10,460
21,914

729,452
621,994
3,185
57,625

682,804
19,108
240,282
63,962
238,219
323,352
13,104
200,613
55,512
198,884
269,229
6,004
39,669
8,450
39,335
54,123
4,670
231,864
6,040
231,719
242,574
4,001
215,219
5,267
215,096
224,487

16,645

16,623
18,087
1,317,664
25,561
116,403

1,459,628
632,159
14,077
52,448

698,684
685,505
11,484
63,955

760,944
8,369,589
1,212,213
5,493,584
538,765
15,075,386
3,982,749
1,040,335
2,821,910
474,509
7,844,994
4,386,840
171,878
2,671,674
64,256
7,230,392

V. I. LENIN

There seems to be a mistake here.*
Distribution (in thousands) adopted in The Agrarian Question, p. 244111
1 8 8 
1 8 9 5
1 9 0 7 a)
2,253
2,522
2,450
&
—
c 1)
1,935
1,899
3,883
—
&
I (a&c 1)
4,188
4,421
6,333
&
&
II c 3)


—
—
I&II
5,054
4,804
6,592
—
&
b)


c 2)
1,589
1,719
1,333 c 4 and c 5)
1,374
1,445
1,580
III (b&c 2&c 4&c 5)
3,010
3,241
2,989
&
—
Total . . . . . . .
8,064
8,045
9,581
—
&
Also collateral employment
1 8 8 
1 8 9 5
1 9 0 7 a)
2,120
2,160
2,274 c 1)

1,061
2,951 c 2)


b)

c 3)

c 4-5)


Total . . . . . . .
3,144
3,578
5,493
* This is a later remark; it applies to the two places of the table
Lenin subsequently corrected.—Ed.

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
Distribution of ploughland (p. 15*)
α
β
γ
α&β&γ (see p.
vegefield oats and sugar fodder tables, others
Σ
pastures
Σ
15*)
mixed beet and plants etc.
and cereals cereals potatoes fallow (5 first)
Under 2 ha
406,973
133,419
509,662
88,655
731,736
28,664
32,860
1,200,233
23,073
1,223,306
 2-20 ” 4,247,815 2,100,915 1,492,917 1,104,152
4,697,884
143,485
402,499
9,491,783
586,262 10,078,045
20 and > ” 4,986,973 2,877,982 1,685,073 1,391,875
5,954,93
93,387
627,304 11,662,594 1,468,409 13,131,003
Σ
9,641,761 5,112,316 3,687,652 2,584,682 11,384,550
265,536 1,062,663 22,354,610 2,077,744 24,432,354 vegetable
gardens lesser
Head of meadows fat and farmland paslivestock in ha pastures
orchards vineyards in general tures and terms of big (without
grazing cattle decorative areas gardens)
Under 2 ha
312,372
12,604
147,727
35,302
1,731,311
55,674
Under 2 ha
2,749,131
2-20 ” 3,114,864
248,037
211,965
73,531 13,726,442
452,162
2-20 ”
15,204,426
20 and > ” 2,524,394
593,165
122,024
6,535 16,377,121
553,456
20 and > ”
11,426,848
Σ =
5,951,630
853,806
481,716
115,368 31,834,874 1,061,292
29,380,405
2,524,000 ha of meadows for 11,427,000 head of livestock (in terms of big cattle)=0.220**
3,115,000 ”
”
”
” 15,204,000
”
”
”
( ”
”
”
”
”
)=0.204**
The conclusion is that (20 and > ) have more cereal for fodder than (2-20).
And (2-20) have less than half as much again of meadows (than 20 and > ) and almost 1.5
times as much livestock.
* See pp. 324-25.—Ed.
** The figures 0.220 and 0.204 show ha of meadows per head of livestock in the 20 ha and over group and the
2-20 ha group of farms.—Ed.
__
]]
]]
]]__
]]
]]
]]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]]
]]
]]
]]

V. I. LENIN

(Total
Number
Total
Farms in terms of hired labour labour of farms labour per farm
Almost without hired labour (1-3)
3,689,289
6,539,697
Small minority of hired labour (4-5)
856,156
3,730,716
Majority of hired labour (6 and >)
466,095
4,899,136 (p. 41)* Total
5 , 0 1 2 , 1 4 0
15,169,549
Proletarian and small peasant (Under 5 ha)
4,384,786
7,266,929
Middle peasant (5-10 ha)
652,798
2,491,337
Big peasant and capitalist ( > 10 ha)
698,498
5,411,283
Total
5,736,082
15,169,549
*) Estimated from % of labour given on p. 41* for the
 All the details from Wolff, Les Engrais,** Paris, 1887.
Note sources estimating the quantity of manure: Garola,
S. 1 1 4 0 9), pages 121-124. Stoeckhardt’s method:
multiplied by 1.3 (horses), 2.3 (cows), 1.2 (sheep), 2.5 (pigs).
idem in Kraft’s Agricultural Dictionary 8°. S. 10575
J. Fritsch, Les Engrais (Paris 1909?; Bibliothèque
1/2 dry matter (Trockensubstanz) of feed&litter [Einstreu]
the quantity of litter and feed, weighed in a dry state].
should be multiplied by 1.3 kg for horse; 1.5 for draught ox;
means that the methods of Heuzè and Stoeckhardt are similar.]
* See p. 366.—Ed.
** Fertilisers.—Ed.
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
Approximate*)
Per farm figure
Approx-
Agric.
imate*)
manumber chines
Total of agric.
Farmland livestock labour land livemachines farm ha in terms
stock of big cattle
5,706,798
7,263,522
1. 7
1. 5
1. 9
167,699
0. 05
7,050,002
7,515,336
4. 3
8. 2
8. 7
547,084
0. 6
19,078,074
14,601,747
10. 5
40. 1
31. 3
1,093,924
2. 3
31,834,874
29,380,405
3. 0
6. 3
5. 8
1,808,707
0. 36
5,036,189
6,992,778
210,179
4,607,090
5,141,657
398,495
22,191,595
17,245,970
1,200,033
31,834,87
29,380,405
1,808,707 three categories by group.
Bibliothèque Nationale 8°. S. 9 5 5 8, page 100 et seq.
Engrais (Paris 1903.—At the Bibliothèque Nationale, 8°.
fodder (weight of the dry feed substance)&litter (litter straw)
Nationale: 8°. S. 1 3 1 9 5 ), p. 98 [according to Wolff:
also in dry state. Σ 9 4. According to other writers, double
According to M. Heuz è, S of litter and feed (in dry state)
2.3 for cows; 2.5 for pigs; 1.2 for sheep. (Average 1.8). [This
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]

V. I. LENIN

Female and child labour (vertical
1) men
order:
2) women
3) total).
(α) = temporary workers as % of total labour
Permanent labour (workers)
family hired total of them of them of them under under under
% 14 yrs
%
%
14 yrs
%
%
14 yrs
%
325,043
504,658
24,315
528,973
Under 0.5 ha
815,475
3,205 0.6
38,541
436 1.1
854,016
5,641 0.7
492,153
766,435
36,260
802,695
0.5-2 ha
1,227,994
16,215 1.3
66,854
1,364 2.3
1,291,848
17,579 1.4
1,012,783
2-5 ha
994,120
72,217
1,066,337
1,948,199
33,115 1.7
130,921
5,279 4.0
2,079,120
38,394 1.8
1,001,675
5-10 ha
777,286
115,670
892,956
1,673,305
30,475 1.8
221,326
9,358 4.2
1,894,631
39,833 2.1
880,432
10-20 ha
527,050
198,735
725,785
1,193,515
21,554 1.8
412,702
14,394 3.5
1,606,217
35,948 2.2
919,070
20-100 ha
289,099
344,910
634,009
717,351
10,007 1.4
835,728
17,843 2.1
1,553,079
27,850 1.7
542,097
100 ha and >
6,968
284,847
291,815
34,139
243 0.7
799,773
7,990 0.9
833,912
8,233 0.9 incl.
200 ha and >
5,173,253
Total
3,865,616
1,076,954
4,942,570
7,609,978
116,814 1.5 2,505,845
56,664 2.3 10,115,823
173,478 1.7
Under 2 ha
2-20
20 and >

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
in agriculture
Temporary labour (workers)
family hired total of them of them of them (α)
under (α)
under (α)
under
%
14 yrs
%
%
14 yrs
%
%
14 yrs
%
888,204
74,787
962,991
1,011,510

37,062
3.6
148,781

1,301
0.8
1,160,291

38,363
3.3
612,088
122,112
734,200
796,926

72,603
9.1
246,971

2,756
1.1
1,043,897

75,359
7.2
376,646
140,269
516,915
554,367

91,994
16.5
280,390

4,713
1.7
834,757

96,707
11.5
221,400
137,098
358,498
330,328

73,891
22.4
266,378

6,035
2.3
596,706

79,926 13.4
137,581
156,150
293,731
199,139

48,687
24.4
299,165

9,447
3.1
498,304

58,134
11.6
82,948
212,578
295,526
115,268

22,939
19.9
401,086

20,268
5.0
516,354

43,207
8.3
3,052
214,238
217,290
4,092


5.1
399,325

36,241
9.0
403,417

36,463
9.0
2,321,919
1,057,232
3,379,151
3,011,630
29 347,398
11.2
2,042,096

80,761
3.9
5,053,726

428,158
8.4
[ctd on next page]

V. I. LENIN

[ctd]
All labour together family hired total of them of them of them
under under under
% 14 yrs
%
%
14 yrs
%
%
14 yrs
%
1,392,862
99,102
1,491,964
Under 0.5 ha 1,826,985
42,267 2.3
187,322
1,737 0.9
2,014,307
44,004 2.2
1,378,523
158,372
1,536,895
0.5-2 ha
2,024,920
88,818 4.4
313,825
4,120 1.3
2,338,745
92,938 3.9
2-5 ha
1,370,766
212,486
1,536,895
2,502,566
125,109 4.9
411,311
9,992 2.4
2,913,877
135,101 4.6
5-10 ha
998,686
252,758
1,251,454
2,003,633
104,366 5.2
487,704
15,393 3.1
2,491,337
119,759 4.8
10-20 ha
664,631
354,885
1,019,516
1,392,654
70,241 5.0
711,867
23,841 3.3
2,104,521
94,082 4.5
20-100 ha
372,047
557,488
929,535
832,619
32,946 3.9
1,236,814
38,111 3.1
2,069,433
71,057 3.1
100 ha and >
10,020
499,085
509,105
38,231
465 1.2
1,199,098
44,231 3.7
1,237,329
44,696 3.6 incl.
200 ha and >
Total
6,187,535
2,134,186
8,321,721
10,621,608
464,212 4.4
4,547,941
137,425 3.0 15,169,549
601,637 3.9
Under 2 ha
2,771,385
257,474
4,353,052
3,851,905
501,147
2-20
3,034,083
820,139
5,898,853
1,610,882
7,509,735
382,067
1,056,573
20 and >
870,850
2,435,912
3,306,762

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
α=family workers; β=supervisors, managers, etc.; γ=permanent male and female
farm-hands; δ=permanent day labourers and labourers; ε=temporary labour.
Prussia
Σ=100%
Bavaria
Σ=100% absolute absolute α β γ δ ε figure α β γ δ ε figure
<
2 ha
88.5
0.1
1.5
0.8
9.1
2,594,470
89.3
0.1
1.9
1.0
7.7
382,369
2-
5 ”
84.5
0.1
3.2
1.2
11.0
1,497,799
89.6
0.1
3.6
1.0
5.7
461,674
5- 20 ”
72.1
0.1
10.9
2.1
14.8
2,518,338
79.2
0.1
13.2
1.3
6.2
934,697
20- 100 ”
38.9
0.6
29.5
9.9
21.1
1,374,647
50.8
0.3
35.8
3.9
9.2
301,141
100 and >
2.9
3.9
17.5
44.4
31.3
1,035,270
5.0
4.6
22.1
41.5
26.8
21,771
Σ
65.9
0.6
10.5
7.6
15.4
9,020,524
78.5
0.1
12.4
2.0
7.0
2,101,652
Saxony
Württemberg
Under 2 ha
84.9
0.3
1.4
2.1
11.3
94,372
90.9
0.1
1.2
0.8
7.0
220,355
2-
5 ”
81.7
0.2
4.4
2.0
11.7
68,985
90.8
0.1
2.7
0.8
5.6
238,979
5- 20 ”
69.0
0.3
19.9
2.0
8.8
166,231
77.6
0.1
12.7
1.8
7.8
236,082
20- 100 ”
34.4
1.6
42.4
8.3
13.3
86,601
46.8
0.8
32.5
5.1
14.8
51,785
100 and over
3.4
6.1
18.2
39.8
32.5
34,972
5.5
4.7
23.3
29.7
36.8
4,821
Total
62.6
1.0
17.8
6.2
12.4
451,161
83.1
0.1
7.6
1.6
7.6
752,022
All Germany (Σ = 15,169,549 persons)
α
β
γ
δ
ε
Under 2 ha
88.5
0.1
1.4
0.9
9.1
2-
5 ”
85.9
0.1
3.2
1.2
9.6
5- 20 ”
73.9
0.1
11. 7
2.0
12.3
20- 100 ”
40.2
0.7
30.8
8.9
19.4
100 and over
3.1
4.1
17.4
43.1
32.3
Total
70.0
0.5
10.2
5.8
13.5
Zahn 1
Annalen, 1910
p. 595

V. I. LENIN

Zahn (1910, p. 567) calls the 2-5 small-peasant farms the 5-20 middle-peasant farms ha-ha!
the 20-100 big-peasant farms
Owners of agricultural enterprises who are indepen-
State on June 12, 1907 as dent by main occupation a percentage of the 1906-1907
(Zahn 1910, maximum**)
p. 567)
1907
1895 absolute
%
absolute
%
men women total
Under 2 ha
449,968
13.3
564,077
17.4
60.1
87.5
76.8
2-5
717,699
71.3
733,813
72.2
77.8
81.6
79.8
5- 20
980,145
92.0
906,786
90.8
76.3
75.1
75.7
20-100
253,877
96.8
270,931
96.2
72.8
70.9
72.0
100 and over
22,731
96.5
23,523
93.9
86.3
81.4
84.2
Total
2,424,420
42.3
2,499,130*)
45.0
73.1
80.3
76.9
*) cf. p. 38 of this notebook below.*
**) Zahn, 1910; p. 568: comparison of the total number of workers on June 12, 1907
with the maximum.
* See p. 361.—Ed.
P
M
Q
P
M
Q

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
Owners of agricultural enterprises who were not independent farmers by main occupation
employed hired in in commu- in trade labour, industry nications
and inncasual
Total keeping work
1907
1,127,996
145,877
19,746
21,686
Total
1895
790,950
101,781
13,593
36,737
1907
752,278
104,011
15,741
17,351
Under 0.5 ha
1895
514,840
67,632
10,493
29,078
1907
305,102
32,454
3,299
3,780
0.5-2 ha
1895
227,928
27,250
2,513
6,910
1907
65,004
8,286


2-5 ha
1895
44,479
6,146


1907
5,612
1,126


5 ha and over
1895
3,703


In view of the very confusing nature of German occupations statistics, it is important to make the following
clear and simple comparison for C 1 (members of families),
according to Zahn (p. 4 8 6), where those in the given occupation are the “gainfully employed, including members
of their families without any occupation and their domestic servants”.
in the occupation
1882
1907 increase millions
Independents (A including A 1, C 1) . .
20,586,372
20,881,542
295,170
&0.3
Employees
. . . . .
829,865
3,067,649
2,237,784

Workers (Class A 1, C 1)
18,814,615
28,396,761
9,998,383

Total . . .
39,814,615
52,345,952
12,531,337
Volume  1 1.
p. 89
(“Die berufliche und soziale
Gliederung”)112

V. I. LENIN

Data on live
Straw
Oats, fodder grasses and hay α β γ δ β&γ&δ
7 cereals*)
oats fodder meadow ha grasses
Under 0.5 ha
57,834
10,667
8,139
29,370
48,176


0.5- 2 ha
482,558
105,499
80,516
283,002
469,017


2- 5
1,399,976
371,046
262,426
800,045
1,433,517


5- 10
2,131,422
624,989
381,869
1,056,821
2,063,679


10- 20
2,817,332
848,223
459,857
1,257,998
2,566,078

8(1)
22(2)

20- 100
4,504,778
1,384,181
720,375
1,595,781
3,700,337

9(3)
21(4)

 100 and >
3,360,177
865,713
671,500
928,613
2,465,826


Total
14,754,077
4,210,318
2,584,682
5,951,630
12,746,630


Under 2 ha
2-20 ha
20 ha and over
*) All the first 7, including oats and mixed cereals.* (1) 7.9;
(2) 21.6 Σ=29.5 (3) 9.4; (4) 20.8 Σ=30.2
* See pp. 324-25.—Ed.

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
stock feed
[bottom= per 1 0 0 head of total livestock in terms of big
cattle]
Pastures
Mixed cereals
Total area
&sugarunder feed ε ξ η ε&ξ&η beet&pota- β&γ&δ field fat
small toes
&mixed pastures pastures pastures cereals


12,833
15,113
169,028
49,620


11,836
12,069
41,841
65,746
357,887
484,826


42,207
42,027
96,771
181,005
518,215
1,485,390


79,264
77,783
140,225
297,272
583,620
2,145,363


142,354
128,227
215,166
485,747
647,739
2,689,178


492,910
419,935
357,443
1,270,288
1,009,212
3,973,865


315,073
173,230
196,013
684,316
1,303,949
2,820,386


1,084,389
853,806
1,061,292
2,999,487
4,589,650
13,648,658


534,446
6,319,931
6,794,251

V. I. LENIN

In the tables columns 3 and 4 are designated as they are here, but in
the text Column 3 is called: landwirtschaftlich benutzte Fläche
Agricultu-
1 8 9 5:
ral enter-
Total area prises
2-1 ha
676,215
617,416
462,711
430,351
1-2 ha
707,235
1,275,786
997,803
947,796
5-10 ha
605,814
5,355,138
4,233,656
4,168,205
10-20 ha
392,990
7,182,522
5,488,219
5,436,867
Σ
5,558,317
43,284,742
32,517,941
32,062,491
Number of farms with
Leased land per leased land per 100
100 ha
1895
1882
1895
1882
51.68
49.94
24.79
27.71
49.55
44.79
15.93
14.61
35.91
31.41
8.17
7.25
22.62
19.08
7.30
7.09
37.56
36.77
19.18
22.39
46.91
44.02
12.38
12.88
Total farmland (with vegetable gardens and vineyards)
ploughland, meadow, pasture and other cultivated farmland (without
vegetable gardens and vineyards)

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
1895
Farms with
Of total land more less own land leased own land leased
only land ha land only ha than half land leased
Under 2 ha
1,009,126
891,107
377,190
463,510
1,575,672
598,851
2- 5
443,268
47,185
95,745
360,663
3,364,418
659,894
5- 10
323,420
12,194
36,686
197,422
4,726,447
550,978
10- 20
261,101
7,513
14,256
90,597
6,626,528
473,903
5- 20
584,521
19,707
50,942
288,019
11,352,975
1,024,881
20- 100
208,674
9,969
8,202
45,558
12,102,060
960,200
 100 and >
15,401
4,991
1,229
3,193
8,875,255
2,116,215
Σ
2,260,990
912,959
533,308
1,160,943
37,270,380
5,360,041
As for other land, it is given in 1895 under 4 heads (Deputant, Dienst, common and share-cropping) which
it is not worth while citing
%
%
%
%
%
%
Under 2
31.18
25.68
11.65
14.32
65.22
24.79
2- 5
43.62
4.64
9.42
35.49
81.23
15.93
5- 20
58.52
1.97
5.10
28.84
90.55
8.17
20- 100
74.06
3.54
2.91
16.17
91.98
7.30
 100 and >
61.45
19.92
4.90
12.74
80.45
19.18
Σ
40.68
16.43
9.59
20.89
86.11
12.38

V. I. LENIN

A 2-6
A-1
Vegetable gar-
B
C 1-10
C 11-21
C 22
Agriculture dening, fisheries, Industry
Trade
Transport and
Inn-keeping, etc.
communications etc.
1895
< 2 ha
564,077 689,523
24,163
52,329
534,323 742,768 105,018 12,234
23,539
94,882
41,971 772
2- 5
733,813
25,212
4,578
10,602
121,263
44,479
17,315

6,432
6,146 16,308

5- 20
906,786
2,066
2,286
4,476
44,204
3,588
7,519

2,818

12,715

20- 100
270,931


4,320


1,209
—
 100 and >
23,523


—

—

—
2,499,130 717,037
31,751
67,605
704,290 790,950 130,682 12,757
32,994
101,781 72,217 836
5- 10
538,417
1,822
1,567
2,386
33,123
3,252
5,541

2,132

8,872

10- 20
368,369


2,090
11,081

1,978


3,843

independent dependent independent dependent independent
dependent independent dependent independent dependent independent
dependent

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
Details about A 1 agriculture
D
Σ
independent dependent
1895
 < 2 ha
35,988 314,780 3,236,367
588,240 704,851 1,628,496 314,780
416,983 147,094 18,888 57,039 613,596
2- 5

29,013
1,016,318
738,391 161,318
87,596
29,013
546,361 187,452


24,294
5- 20

11,443
998,804
909,072
67,256
11,033
11,443
768,440 138,346


1,807
20- 100
—
3,2491
281,767
271,523
6,513

3,249
247,037
23,894

—

 100 and >
—
1,065
25,061
23,655


1,065
17,986
5,537

—
—
36,737 359,550
5,558,317 2,530,881 940,183 1,727,703 359,550 1,996,807 502,323 19,760 57,574 639,703
5- 10

7,914
444,417
94,000


1,667
10- 20

3,529
324,023
44,346


Casual hired labourer
Other types of occupation
Independent farmers
Independents in industry, trade, etc.
Hired labourers
Others and unidentified without subsidiary employment with subsidiary
employment managers, supervisers male and female farm-hands
day labourers, labourers

V. I. LENIN

Checked with Statisticsofthe German Reich, Vol. 112 (incorrect figures in
)
For a comparison I take the main data for 1882 and 1895 from Handwörterbuch*
 (1909, 3. A), I, pp. 245-246.
< 2 ha
2-5
5-20
20-100
100 and >
Σ
Number of
1882:
3,061,831
981,407
926,605
281,510
24,991
5,276 344 farms
%
58.03%
18.60%
17.56%
5.34%
0.47%
100%
 ”
1895
3,235,169
1,016,239
989,701
281,734
25,057
58.22
18.29
17.97
5.07
0.45
According to
1895
3,236,367
1,016,318
998,804
281,767
25,061
5,558,317
Statistics of the
58.23
18.28
17.97
5.07
0.45
100%
German Reich
1907:
58.9
17.5
18.6
4.6
0.4

Their
1882:
1,825,938
3,190,203
9,158 398
9,908,170
7,286,263
31,868,972
%
5.73
10.01
28.74
31.09
24.43%
100%
1895
1,807,870
3,285,720
9,720,935
9,868,367
7,829,007 cultivated
5.56
10.11
29.90
30.35
24.08%
100% farmland
1895
1,808,444
3,285,984
9,721,875
9,869,837
7,831,801
32,517,941
1907
5.4
10.4
32.7%
29.3%
22.2%
100%

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
Total area
1882
2,159,358
3,832,902
11,492,017
12,415,463
10,278,941
40,178,681
5.37
9.54
28.60
30.90
25.59
100%
1895
2,415,914
4,142,071
12,537,660
13,157,201
11,031,896
43,284,742
5.58
9.57
28.96
30.40
25.49
100%
1907
5.8
10.0
31.9
29.3
23.0
100%
1882:
Their
Number of total area farmland farms ha
5-10
554,174
4,780,980
3,906,947
10-20
372,431
6,711,037
5,251,451
Cultivated area by groups of main crops (ha and %)
(ibidem 249)
cereals and root fodder commerfield pas-
N.B. The 1895 statispulses crops grasses cial crops ture and
tics have n o classificafallow tion of ploughland (Ackerbau) by cereals,
Deutsches Reich 1893:
15,992,120
4,237,661
2,519,375
261,090
2,760,347 and the ploughland
[from Handwörter- is no t even differenbuch der Staatswissentiated from the cultischaften*]
60.9%
16.2%
9.6
1.0
10.5% vated farmland.
* Socio-Political Manual.—Ed.

V. I. LENIN

Essay at compiling tables with
Workers (12.6.1907)
Of them temporary workers
Number of farms total family hired total family hired
 Under
2,084,060
2,014,307
1,826,985
187,322
1,160,291
1,011,510
148,781
 0.5 ha
0.5- 2 ha 1,294,449
2,338,745
2,024,920
313,825
1,043,897
796,926
246,971
2- 5 ha
1,006,277
2,913,877
2,502,566
411,311
834,757
554,367
280,390
5- 10 ha
652,798
2,491,337
2,003,633
487,704
596,706
330,328
266,378
 10-20 ha
412,741
2,404,521
1,392,654
711,867
498,304
199,139
299,165
 20-100
262,191
2,069,433
832,619
1,236,814
516,354
115,268
401,086 ha
 100 ha
23,566
1,237,329
38,231
1,199,098
403,417
4,092
399,325 and >
 Total
5,736,082 15,169,549 10,621,608
4,547,941 5,053,726 3,011,630 2,042,096
 Groups
Average per farm (of those classified by number of workers)
< 0.5
1.3
1.2
0.1
0.5- 2
1.9
1.7
0.2
2- 5
2.9
2.5
0.4
5- 10
3.8
3.1
0.7
 10- 20
5.1
3.4
1.7
 20- 100
7.9
3.2
4.7

52.5
1.6
50.9 and >
Σ
3.0
2.1
0.9
Under
3,378,509
4,358,052
3,851,905
501,147
395,752
2 ha
1,324,193
2-20
2,071,816
7,509,735
5,898,853
1,610,882
845,933
3,655,513
20 and >
285,757
3,306,762
870,850 2,435,912
800,411
1,868,122 in pencil = incl. men**
* At the top of the table in the MS., there is a pencilled note: “Σ farms=
** This remark of Lenin’s, pencilled in the MS., applies to the lower figu

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
bottom—number of men* more rational classifications:
Farms by total number of workers employed
1-3 workers
4-5 workers
Maximum of them of tempo-
Number
Number ditto
Number
Number ditto workers rary of of maxi- of of maxifarms workers
mum farms workers mum
2,613,590
748,065
1,451,952
1,909,576 2,352,229
19,644
82,823
93,014
477,726
34,269
3,052,997
961,223
1,100,624 1,890,699 2,477,627
81,584
346,013
396,563
604,490
151,820
3,650,514 1,017,027
736,510
1,692,687 2,218,214
222,679
948,215
1,107,537
750,403
449,854
3,210,172
985,213
308,550
799,896
1,153,062
274,771
1,190,772 1,466,802
401,716
590,891
2,860,082 1,054,726
79,796
215,288
392,231
200,753
899,958 1,239,495
118,100
467,410
2,875,384 1,207,037
11,714
31,278
75,589
57,167
262,202
441,452
19,443
150,793
1,469,685
631,681


3,056


2,377


19,732,424 6,604,971
3,689,289 6,539,697 8,672,008
856,756
3,730,716 4,747,240
2,372,090
1,845,537
%
%
94.8
4.1
80.9
14.8
58.1
32.5
32.1
47.8
10.2
42.8
1.5
12.6
0.0
0.1
5,666,587
2,552,576 3,800,275 4,829,856
101,228
428,836
489,577
9,720,768
1,124,856
2,707,871 3,763,507
698,203 3,038,945 3,813,834
4,345,069
11,857
31,857
78,645
57,325
262,935
443,829
[ctd on next page]
5,012,140” and “Σ (maximum)=19,507,799”.—Ed.
res in Column 2, in the first three lines at the bottom.—Ed.

V. I. LENIN

[ctd] (absolute fig-
Farms by total number of workers employed ures: p. 7)*
Total farms by number of
% of women in
6 workers and more workers total number of workers numnumber
ditto number number ditto ber of maxi- of of maximum farms
workers mum farms workers
 Under
2,504
21,908
26,817
1,474,100
2,014,307
2,472,060 74.1 76.2 53.2
 0.5 ha
10,348
0.5-2 ha
12,924
102,033
117,254
1,195,132
2,338,745
2,991,444 67.7 68.1 50.3
45,540
 2-5 ha
35,669
272,975
310,602
994,858
2,913,877
3,636,353 54.4 54.7 51.6
130,368
 5-10 ha
67,458
500,669
586,402
650,779
2,491,337
3,206,266 50.2 49.8 51.9
247,276
 10-20
131,391
989,275 1,226,351
411,940
2,104,521
2,858,077 48.4 46.2 49.8 ha
499,495
 20-100
192,915
1,775,953 2,357,151
261,796
2,069,433
2,874,192 44.8 44.7 45.1 ha
969,662
 100 ha
23,234 1,236,323 1,463,974
23,535
1,237,329
1,469,407
41.0 26.2 41.6 and >
727,512
 Total
466,095 4,899,136 6,088,551 5,012,140 15,169,549 19,507,779 54.8 58.2 46.9
2,630,201
6,847,828
 Group
< 0.5
1.1
8.7
0.5-2
4.3
7.0
2-5
9.4
7.7
5-10
20.1
7.4
10-20
47.0
7.5
20-100
85.9
9.2

99.9 53.2 and >
Σ
10.5
 Under
15,428
123,941
144,071 2,669,232
4,353,052
5,463,504
 2 ha
 2-20
234,518
1,762,919 2,123,355 2,057,577
7,509,735
9,700,696

216,149
3,012,276 3,821,125
285,331
3,306,762
4,343,599 and >
* See p. 308.—Ed.
total fami- ly hired
% of workers to Σ of classified workers
Average number of workers per farm

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
pp. 13-
14**
B A 1
B and marked
E. F. H.
and B
C
in red and K
A -6 pencil including farmers by main occupation (p. 2)*
Subsidi-
Total ary farms farms
 Under 0.5 ha
1,994,894
2,084,060
97,153
363,810
1,287,312
335,785
 0.5-2
925,225
1,294,449
377,762
277,735
535,480
103,472
 2-5
287,372
1,006,227
723,263
151,669
104,251
27,094
 5-10
63,532
652,798
590,416
46,246
9,918
6,218
 10-20
21,037
412,741
391,769
14,918
3,169
2,885
 20-100
7,530
262,191
254,288
5,293

2,027
 100 and >

23,566
22,772


 Total
3,300,046
5,736,082
2,457,423
859,950
1,940,867
477,842
 Under 2 ha
2,920,119
3,378,509
474,915
1,882,792
 2-20
371,941
2,071,816
1,705,448
117,338
 20 and >
7,986
285,757
277,060

[ctd on next page]
* See p. 300.—Ed.
** See pp. 320-23.—Ed.
Independent farmers
Independent industrialists.
craftsmen, traders, etc.
Hired labourers
Employees, others and unidentified

V. I. LENIN

[ctd]
Use of agricultural machines.
(below: per 100 farms)
Number of machines owned
Total of A (others)
 Under
18,466
20,660


1,585
826,963
2,663
 0.5 ha
0.9%
0.1
 0.5-2
114,986
129,163
2,676
10,405
10,550
23,631
1,922,138
10,110
8.8%
1.1
 2-5
325,665
379,343
15,338
116,297
53,328
184,963
4,243,647
24,077
32.3%
18.3
 5-10
419,170
567,766
65,102 250,490
82,903
398,495
5,141,657
23,732
64.2%
61.4
 10-20
353,366
635,934
176,900 253,227
92,564
522,691
5,819,122
17,855
85.6%
126.6
 20-100
243,365
602,464
282,430
187,317
78,556
548,303
7,662,750
11,920
92.8%
209.1

22,957
89,273
112,396
9,746
6,897
129,039
3,764,098
7,535 and >
97.4%
547.5
 Total
1,497,975
2,424,603
655,299 827,926 325,482 1,808,707
29,380,405
97,872
26.1%
? 543
31.5
 Under
133,452
25,216
2,749,131
12,773
 2 ha
 2-20
1,098,201
1,106,148
15,204,426
65,664
20 and >
266,322
677,342
11,426,848
19,455
* See p. 338.—Ed.
** See pp. 318-19.—Ed.
(% of farms)
Number of farms using machines in general
Number of cases of use of all types of machines
All except hand threshers and centrifuges
Hand threshers
Milk separators
Total (p. 21)* Total livestock in terms of big cattle
Number of cases of farms linked with industries (p. 12)**

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
Austrian Statistics, Vol. LXXXIIII, Part 1, Austria. Agricultural Census of June 3, 1902
For all this and details see black notebook113
Total for Reich
A. Purely family
Number of economically active persons farms
2. Mem-
Groups by
Total
1. Only
bers of size of number owner family productive of farms
participartici- area pating pating
As a result: ,856,349
547,107 1,677,830
9,070,68 3,44,016 4,389,405 1,94 57,657 94,766 44,544
 -0.5 ha
343,860
150,944
181,323
676,498
378,485
285,573
0.5 -1
”
369,464
115,117
227,109
846,265
427,081
401,905
1 -2
”
561,897
126,203
379,991
1,477,786
662,367
775,754
2 -5
”
792,415
114,833
545,274
2,454,298
954,844 1,384,305
5 -10 ”
383,331
29,719
227,476
1,412,013
476,644
10 -20 ”
242,293
8,565
91,456
1,044,972
325,083
20 -50 ”
127,828
1,414
23,602
706,665
171,126
50 -100 ”
17,372

1,299
126,291
17,791 over 100 ”
17,889


325,894
10,595 total
a) owners
b) family
members
c) employees
d) supervisory
personnel
e) servants
f) day
labourers

V. I. LENIN

Concerning the table on page 22.*
It is Table 1 taken from Vol.  0 .
I have two mistakes in the table: inadvertent transposition of columns û and 8. That’s one.
Then, the figures in Column 8 have been shifted.** Both
mistakes have been noted.
The table refers to Occupations Group I (type of occupation
A 1)= agriculture, breeding of animals used in agriculture,
dairy farming, milk collector, agricultural wine-making,
fruit-growing, vegetable gardening, tobacco-growing, etc.
(p. 5) (type of occupation A 1)
“The subgroups of occupations under A, etc. (p. 4) include:
a) independents, also managing employees and other
managers of enterprises; b) non-managing employees, in general scientifically, technically and commercially trained
administrative and supervisory personnel, and also bookkeepers and office workers; c) other assistants, apprentices,
factory wage workers and day labourers, including family
members employed in industry and servants” (p. 4).
“The subgroup of occupations I A (type of occupations
A 1) includes:
A 1) owners and co-owners; A 2) leaseholders, hereditary
leaseholders; A 3) managing employees, other managers of
production; B 1) employees on farms, also trainees and apprentices; B 2) supervisory personnel; B 3) book-keepers
and office workers; C 1) family members working on the farm of the head of household; C 2) agricultural farm-hands,
male and female; C 3) agricultural labourers, day labourers,
cultivating their own or leased land; C 4) agricultural labourers, day labourers, not cultivating their own or leased
land, but other land; C 5) agricultural labourers, day labourers, not cultivating any land” (p. 5).
I leave out the subgroups of occupations I B= vegetable
gardening and livestock farming (types of occupations
A 2, A 3); II A: forestry and hunting (type of occupations
A 4) and II B: fisheries (types of occupations A 5, A 6),
which together with I A constitute the group Aof
* See pp. 342-45.—Ed.
** In the MS., the figures in Column 8 groups 1-5) were displaced. In this
volume they are given as indicated by Lenin (see p. 343).—Ed.

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
occupations. In this section totals are given for A, B, C, but withoutsubdivision into A 1-3,
B 1-3, C 1-5.
Written September 1910
-later than June 1913
First published in 1938
Printed from the original in Lenin Miscellany XXXI