**Petty-Bourgeois and Proletarian Socialism**

In Europe there is complete predominance of Marxism in theory and of the workers' movement in the practice of socialism.

This was not always so. Both one and the other developed over a long process of development out of "nebulous" patches.

The epoch of the democratic revolution in Europe was distinguished by the predominance of petty-bourgeois socialism (Proudhonism, true socialism, Mühlberger, Dühring etc.) in various forms.

Idem[74] in Russia. The history of the Russian revolutionary movement is at the same time the history of the struggle of the old, "Russian," petty-bourgeois socialism (Populism) against Marxism.

The central point of this struggle = lack of understanding of the actual character of the revolution taking place, lack of understanding of the actual content of the peasant movement.

The pearl of this misunderstanding = No. 75 of "Revolutionary Russia" "Why Not Immediately?"

This little quotation = an abyss of Populist stupidities.

The historical moment = the replacement of serfdom by capitalism. Assessment of landowner economy.

(Landowner harvests are higher.)

Assessment of the internal structure of peasant economy.

All landowner economies are higher than peasant ones.

Satisfaction of peasant demands would have retarded the proletarianization of the peasants.

Confiscation is the vestibule of socialism.

Two social wars. "Why Not Immediately."

The independent socialist party of the proletariat – its leadership in the democratic revolution.

Written in October, before the 25th (November 7), 1905.

First printed in 1926 in Lenin Miscellany V

Printed from the manuscript