WORKER AND BOURGEOIS DEMOCRACY
(we don’t believe in any expectations * 1 2 * 4,— but in real participation in the struggle
demonstrations, insurrection, elections, etc.). We help not because
we expect the fulfillment of conditions, but bec(ause) we take advantage of a favorable moment to strike the enemy (the moment is favorable because even the zemstvo members are rising up against the enemy, tsarism), because we choose
preferably the progressive bourgeoisie over the reactionary
autocracy.
7) Can it be said that we [agree] are ready for an "agreement" without conditions?
No, because our condition consists in actual participation in
the struggle.
The condition of the old Iskra — the promise to stand for universal suffrage, for workers ("= to be on the side of
socialdemocracy") etc.
8) We support bourgeois democrats always
when they fight for at least a small amount of progress.
Iskra supports bourgeois democrats always when they promise quite a lot of progress.
Which [support] tactic of these two answers the interests
of the proletariat?
ф Quote the 2nd letter.

Socialdemocracy or Liberalism.
0. Topic — briefly introduce.
Anarchist-Populist and socialdemocratic attitude towards "bourgeois"
1. Liberal movement freedom,
in Russia.
(Noble:
Decembrists.
Quotes from Zarya [illeg.]
Zemstvo. 60s and after. 61, 62, 63, 66, 73, 79) 9).
Character of the zemstvo movement and the attitude towards it
of socialdemocrats (in contrast to the old revolutionaries).
2. Attitude of the old Iskra.
Argument with the Economists. "What Is To Be Done?", p. 69 — 71, 72.
8, 16 and 18 of Iskra 10).

6 8
3. New Phase of the liberal movement G. N. R. S. 11).
Zarya article from page 88. R. M. in Rabochaya Mysl, pp. 91— 5,
95 — 6, NB 98 — 99 12).
О
f ree [liberatio]n.
N° 23 and 26 of Iskra 13).
4. Party Congress. 2 resolutions.
Detailed analysis of both, especially Staroverov’s.
Center of gravity.
Slogans, Up to 78, "irresistible reactwords.
ive". "Litmus test".
5. The current zemstvo campaign.
Trubetskoy. Liberation; No. 58, p. 1. 136 14).
Stakhovich? ?
Quotes from Liberation.
not an organ of struggle, but an organ of deals.
Liberation I N° 59, p. 150 = conviction, examples:
"Freedom with monarchy" is more profitable than revolution 15).
N° 58, p.
129 — "Conscience of the Russian intelligentsia" 16)
ibidem p.— "compromise of democratic constitutionalism, the question of existence for the monarchy".
N° 58, p.
130 — Nemo's review of "contradictoriness", etc.
Liberation [illeg.] ("Mirror" 18).
"Liberal-Democratic" party.
The editor's reply: lagged behind.
N° 58, p.
136 — letter to Trubetskoy.
N° 57, proclamation of the liberators: the people "live in 6 contentment", p. 420 19).
N° 60, p. 183 — "will it be possible to convince Nicholas II" 20).
N° 56, p. 83: "the [most] revolutionary parties are deprived of a close spiritual connection with wide societal
circles"... 21
• N° 56! and • Yes 71. | 22)
Novoye Vremya: "lever for reaction".
6. Support of the zemstvo members by the proletariat. How should it be expressed? Agreement in the center, in the Focus, or struggle with the government? Insurrection.

WORKING-CLASS AND BOURGEOIS DEMOCRACY
7.
New “petition” of the zemstvo members.
Analysis.
Elected to the bureau:
Shipov “V 7 O s v \ oozhde- n i l] .”
Heyden
[from Liberation].
Rodzyanko
7 I [ skry ].
"Latest]
News]"
No. 200: 23)
"Honest brokers."
8. Bourgeois] pacification of the liberals and struggle of the workers.
* In the article "Working-class and Bourgeois Democracy," Lenin indicates that the question of the relationship between bourgeois and working-class democracy was already posed in the "Communist Manifesto" and in "Capital" (Works, Vol. VII, p. 63).
2) Lenin's article "Political Struggle and Politicking" stated: "a real (and not verbal) community of struggle against the common enemy is ensured not by politicking, not by what the late Stepnyak once called self-curtailment and self-concealment, not by the conditional lie of diplomatic mutual recognition, but by actual participation in the struggle, by the actual unity of the struggle." The article was printed in Iskra No. 26, October 28 (15), 1902 (Works, Vol. V, p. 199).
3) Resolutions on the attitude toward liberals by Plekhanov and Starover, adopted at the 2nd Party Congress.
4; Negorev's (N. I. Iordansky's) article in Iskra No. 77, November 18 (5), 1904: "Democrats at the Crossroads."
5) Apparently a misprint here: the text of the article refers to No. 78 of Iskra, specifically to Martov's article "Results of the Zemstvo Parliament."
°) In Iskra No. 78 of December 3 (November 20), 1904, Starover wrote in the Feuilleton "Our Misfortunes": "Russian liberalism, deprived of its historically necessary part, its driving nerve, its bourgeois-democratic half, is good for nothing but to be lashed with scorpions." The feuilleton was reprinted in the collection: A. N. Potresov (Starover). "Studies on the Russian Intelligentsia." SPB. 1906 (On Starover's "scorpions," see Lenin, Works, Vol. VIII, p. 65.
7) Litmus paper testifies to the presence of a known chemical reaction by changing its color. According to the views of the Mensheviks, the presentation of formal requirements and conditions of support by the proletarian party to the liberals should have played the role of such "litmus paper" in relation to the liberals. Even at the Second Party Congress (at the 37th session), Starover (Potresov), in contrast to the resolution of Plekhanov and Lenin on the liberals, proposed his own resolution listing precisely such conditions for an agreement between the Social-Democratic Party and the liberals. In Iskra No. 78 of December 3 (November 20), 1904, Starover argued in the Feuilleton "Our Misfortunes" that it is precisely the presentation of Formal conditions to the liberals that gives the Social Democrats "the opportunity to exert real pressure on opposition groups, to force them, as the Germans say, to show their colors (Farbe bekennen), to present them with the irresistible reagent of their demand, the litmus paper of democratism, and to place the entire value of proletarian assistance on the scales of their political calculation."
8) Eventual result — possible, probable result.
°) Zarya No. 2-3, December 1901, Lenin's article "Persecutors of the Zemstvo and Hannibals of Liberalism," signed T. P. (Works, Vol. IV, pp. 119-15T).
10) "What Is To Be Done?" Works, Vol. IV, corresponding pp. 431-434.
"Iskra" No. 8 of September 23 (10), 1901, "From Our Social Life," unsigned note "Zemstvo Congress" — Lenin.
"Iskra" No. 16 of February 14 (1), 1902, Lenin's article "Political Agitation and the Class Point of View." (Works, Vol. IV, pp. 353-357.)
"Iskra" No. 18 of March 23 (10), 1902, Lenin's Feuilleton "Letter to the Zemstvo Members." (Works, Vol. V, pp. 74-80).
i ) R. N. S.— signature of P. B. Struve in his preface to Witte's note "Autocracy and the Zemstvo."
12) Lenin. Works, Vol. IV, article "Persecutors of the Zemstvo and Hannibals of Liberalism," corresponding pp. 152-157. R. M. — signature under the article "Our Reality" in the "Separate Appendix to Rabochaya Mysl" (September 1899).
18)
"Iskra" No. 23 of August 14 (1), 1902, unsigned article "Two Zemstvo Congresses" in the "From Our Social Life" section.
"Iskra" No. 26 of October 28 (15), 1902, Lenin's article "Political Struggle and Politicking." (Works, Vol. V, pp. 193-199.)
14) "Liberation" No. 58 of October 27 (14), 1904, p. 136, "Open Letter to Prof. Prince E. N. Trubetskoy."
15) "Liberation" No. 59 of November 10 (October 28), 1904, article "The Immediate Task" signed N. N. N.
16) "Liberation" A158, p. 129, the editorial signed "Editor" states: "the conscience of the Russian intelligentsia will never reconcile itself to political privileges."
17) Ibidem — the same place.
18) "Liberation" No. 58, p. 130, the article Nemo "To Current Questions" states: "Liberation" is "not a compass, but a simple mirror."
19) "Liberation" No. 57 of October 5 (2), 1904, pp. 119-120, "Liberationist" proclamation about war and the constitution."
20) "Liberation" No. 60 of November 23 (10), 1904, p. 183, article signed K. S. "Prince Svyatopolk and the Fate of the Zemstvo Congress."
21) Lenin's quote from the article signed D. K. O. "The Student Movement and the Tasks of the Opposition" is taken from "Liberation" No. 56, September 20 (7), 1904, p. 97.
22) "Iskra" No. 71 of August 14 (1), 1904, Plekhanov's article "The Working Class and the Social-Democratic Intelligentsia" (G. V. Plekhanov. Works, Vol. XIII, pp. 116-140.)
23) The content of point 7 is related to the zemstvo congress that took place on November 19-21 (6-8), 1904 in St. Petersburg. Vladimir Ilyich calls the resolutions of this congress "a new petition of the zemstvo members." See the history of this congress in I. I. Belokonsky "The Zemstvo Movement," published by "Zadruga,". M. 1914, pp. 214-236.

WORKING-CLASS AND BOURGEOIS DEMOCRACY
With a view to characterizing the bureau elected by the congress, Vladimir Ilyich notes materials relating to its individual members.
No. 7 of "Liberation" of October 1 (September 18), 1902 contains two articles about Shipov: an editorial about Shipov's negotiations with Pleve and Witte, and an article "False Step" signed Anton Staritsky.
No. 11 of "Liberation" of December 1 (November 18), 1902 contains "Letter of Count I. A. Heyden to the Minister of Internal Affairs." This is the same Count Heyden to whom Vladimir Ilyich dedicated his article "In Memory of Count Heyden" in 1907.
No. 7 of "Iskra" of August 1901, in the article "Incident in the Yekaterinoslav Zemstvo," contains a report on the protests of zemstvo statisticians against the chairman of the board, Rodzyanko. Rodzyanko is the future chairman of the IV State Duma.
"Latest News" No. 200 of November 19 (6), 1904, contains the editorial "Agitation Regarding the Zemstvo Congress. Draft Constitution Drawn Up by the Zemstvo Members."