Annotations, Calculations, and Underlining by V. I. Lenin in the Book by V. E. Postnikov "South-Russian Peasant Economy"{110}

[9][256]

According to data from the zemstvo household census, the actual number of households in separate groups of peasants and the average size of land allotments are expressed in the following figures:

[107]

?? why?

…At present our zemstvo-statistical literature possesses a small number of data on peasant budgets, but in several districts of Voronezh province they were even collected by household survey… It must be said, however, that this data from Voronezh statistics, relating to a single year of the census, does not represent average data on peasant economy, because the budget of a peasant family includes many such economic expenses (for example, for holiday clothing, dowries, expenditure on farm equipment at the division of sons, expenditure on buildings and major implements), which fluctuate very considerably from year to year and, principally, depending on the harvest, which provides peasants with the means for all such extraordinary expenses.

[117]

Among peasants of 3 Tauride districts

If we convert the ratios of labor forces to sown area, we obtain that per 100 desyatinas of sowing the various groups have:

Thus, with an increase in the size of the farm and plowing among peasants, the expenditure for the maintenance of labor forces, people and livestock, this principal expenditure in agriculture, progressively decreases and in the large-seeding groups becomes almost twice less per desyatina of sowing than in groups with small plowing.

[134]

The Tauride zemstvo census gives the following figures for all 3 districts together:

*The composition of these households includes settlements that at the moment of the census were not assigned to volosts.

[145]

* The figure of rented land shown for three districts includes both non-allotment and allotment lands.

10141{111}

[150]

…According to statistical data, the distribution of state arable land rent in 1884–1886 among peasants proceeded as follows[257]

Total for 3 districts142{112}

[279]

1. Budget for three years (1886–1888) of Mennonite Yakov Neufeld from the Orlov colony, Berlin district.

[280–281]

The average income and expenditure for three years was as follows:

[282–283]

Let us dwell somewhat on an analysis of this characteristic colonist budget.

The annual monetary revenue from the farm of 72 desyatinas equaled 1,459 rubles 47 kopecks. From this was obtained:

From field-crop products   1,081 rubles 28 kopecks " livestock farming               284  "    06   " from various revenues              94  "    13   "

Per desyatina of farm area came 20 rubles 27 kopecks of revenue. But this is merely monetary income. To obtain the figure of total gross revenue, one must add to it all the value of products consumed within the farm. According to the statement of this owner, annual consumption of products from his own farm occurs in the following quantity:

The feeding of one horse cost the farm 65 rubles 75 kopecks.

The value of all products expended in the farm amounts to the sum of

1,107 rubles 50 kopecks, which gives per desyatina of farm — 15 rubles 38 kopecks.

The entire gross revenue of the farm, productive and monetary, constitutes the sum of 2,666 rubles 97 kopecks, which gives per desyatina 35 rubles 65 kopecks.

Combining productive and monetary expenditure together, we obtain the following costs for individual items:

[286]

3. Budget of peasant Stepan Maslov of village Veseloe, Melitopol district…

[287]

Expenditure

Rent for 26 desyatinas of arable land, at 6 rubles      156 rubles

Taxes and mir levies for 3 souls                                     34  "

To contract laborer for 2 months                                   45  "

To shepherd at 50 kopecks per cow and 40 kopecks per sheep    8  "

The annotations and calculations were made no earlier than March 1893.

First published incompletely in 1940 in Lenin Miscellany XXXIII

Printed from the original manuscript