INFLUENCE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY
AND DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE”122
Dr. Schmelzle. “Die ländliche Grundbesitzverteilung, ihr
Einfluss auf die Leistungsfähigkeit der Landwirtschaft und ihre Entwicklung” (Annalen des Deutschen Reichs, 46.
Jahrgang, 1913, No. 6, S. 401-33).
The author talks platitudes refuses to differentiate between various, small, medium and large farms, but he
does give many interesting indications of and references
to the latest writings.
(Stumpfe)
Marks
Cost of buildings per ha on the big farms (p. 407)
 ” medium ”

 ” small
”

Quante 1) 123: Cost of buildings per ha for
Marks under-5-ha farms 1,430
The implication is “higher
5-20 ha

cost of repairs, insurance and
20-100 ” depreciation”.
100-500 ”

500 and over ”

Dr. Vogeley 2) 124 reckons the averages for this per ha
Marks on middle-peasant farms
64.48
”
big
”
”
57.63

V. I. LENIN

“Untersuchungen betreffend die Rentabilität der schweizerischen Landwirtschaft.” Bericht des Bauernsekretariats.
Bern 1911.*
The earnings of an entrepreneur and his family per male
working day
1901- 09
Capital in implements per ha under 5 ha
395 francs
2.01 francs
5-10 ”

”
2.27
”
10-15 ”

”
2.31
”
15-30 ”

”
2.26
”
over 30 ”

”
4.15
”
cultivated of which farmland ploughhland ha
Per person working on the farms over 15 ha
4.67
2.87 ha
2) 125
10-15 ”
3.63
1.88 ” under 10 ”
2.59
1.32 ”
Literature:
Werner und Albrecht. Der Betrieb det deutschen Landwirtschaft am Schlusse des 19. Jahrhunderts. Berlin 1902.**
M. Sering. Die Bodenbesitzverteilung und die Sicherung
des Kleinbesitzes. Schriften des Vereins für Sozialpolitik.
Band 68. (1893).***
Fr. Brinkmann: Die Grundlagen der englischen Landwirtschaft. Hannover 1909.****
Keup-Mührer: Die volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung von
Gross- und Kleinbetrieb in der Landwirtschaft. Berlin
1913. [Price 11 frs 25]*****
2)
Arbeiten der Deutschen Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft. Heft
118; 133; 123;  1 8; 130.******
* A Study of the Profitability of Swiss Agriculture, Report of the
Peasant Secretariat.—Ed.
** German Agricultural Production at the Close of the 19th Century.
—Ed.
*** Distribution of Land Holdings and the Security of Small Holdings.
Transactions of the Social Policy Association.—Ed.
**** The Principles of British Agriculture.—Ed.
***** The National Economic Importance of Large- and Small-scale
Production in Agriculture.—Ed.
****** Transactions of the German Agricultural Society.—Ed.

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY


⋆


1)
Thiels Landwirtschaftliche Jahrbücher. 1905. S. 955.*
E. Laur. Grundlagen und Methoden der Bewertung etc.
in der Landwirtschaft. Berlin 1911.** (Sammelwerk): Neuere Erfahrungen auf dem Gebiet
des landwirtschaflichen Betriebswesens.*** Berlin 1910.
Petersilie: “Schichtung und Aufbau der Landwirtschaft in Preussen.” Zeitschrift des Königlichen Preussischen
Statistischen Landesamts. 1913.****
H. Losch: Die Veränderungen im wirtschaftlichen etc.
Aufbau der Bevölkerung Würtembergs. (Würtembergische
Jahrbücher für Statistik. 1911.)*****
M. Hecht: Die Badische Landwirtschaft. Karlsruhe
1903,******
Germany 1907 (Dr. Arthur Schulz where?) (P. 410)
Per permanently employed person
Calculated total number of permanently horses horned pigs
sheep poulemployed persons cattle try
2-

ha
2,346,000
0.10
1.34
1.19
0.15
6.25
5- 20
”
3,891,000
0.34
2.02
1.62
0.37
7.09
20-100
”
1,804,000
0.67
2.94
2.02
1.28
7.85 over 100
”
1,068,000
0.61
2.18
1.29
4.10
3.35
On the whole, says the author, small-scale production is weaker (p. 414). There are special crops, vegetable gardening, but their part is weak.
(P. 415.) Area under cereals per 100 ha of cultivated farmland in 1907
Germany
Bavaria
<

ha
31.2
29.4
2-

”
42.4
38.8
5- 20
”
47.5
41.8
20-100
”
48.3
43.5
100 and over
47.6
34.9
* Thiel’s Agricultural Yearbook.—Ed.
** Principles and Methods of Assessment, etc., in Agriculture.—Ed.
*** (Collection): The Latest Experiments in Agricultural Production.—
Ed.
**** “Stratification and Structure of Agriculture in Prussia.” Journal
of the Royal Prussian Statistical Board.—Ed.
***** Changes in the Economic, etc. Structure of the Population in Württemberg (Württemberg Statistical Yearbooks).—Ed.
****** Baden Agriculture.—Ed.

V. I. LENIN

Crop statistics (1901-10)
double centners wheat rye
The result is
Germany . . . . . . . . . .
19.6
16.3 said to be not in
Belgium. . . . . . . . . . .
23.6
21.7 favour of small-
Denmark . . . . . . . . . .
27.8
17.3 scale production
France . . . . . . . . . . .
13.6
10.6
Great Britain
. . . . . . . .
21.4
17.6
Livestock farming: in Bavaria (1907) per 100 ha of cultivated farmland
head of horned cattle (p. 419)
The big farms are said to have betunder ha
137.6 ter livestock in general: (p. 419)
2-

”
125.1
Cf. Part 18, Transactions of the
5- 20
”
109.8
German Agricultural Society
20-100
”
98.7
100 and over
62.7
p. 420: (From Part 81 of The Contribution to the Statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria, p. 146⋆)
Bavaria:
Head
Per farm with the following species of horned cattle of livestock
per 100 ha of cultivated farmland
N.B.
horned cattle pigs increase increase increase from
%
%
1882 to
1907
1882
1907%
1907
1882
%
1907
1882
%
%
Under
2 ha
1.9
1.7
11.8
1.9
1.6
18.8
137.6
131.9
4.3
2-
5 ”
3.7
3.2
15.6
2.7
2.1
28.6
125.1
107.3
16.6
5- 20 ”
8.7
7.3
19.2
4.6
3.4
35.3
109.8
92.3
19.0
20- 100 ”
21.4
17.3
23.7
10.2
7.1
43.7
98.7
80.7
22.3
 100 and over
”
82.7
54.1
52.9
48.7
21.1
130.8
62.7
50.3
24.7
PNMNQ
PNMNQ
PNMNQ

MATERIAL ON THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY
Cost-price per kilogramme of milk on farms with
5-10 ha of area 16.34 centimes
10-20 ” ”
”
14.97
”
20-30 ” ”
”
14.43
”
over 30 ” ”
”
12.60
”
Growth of gross income per ha of cultivated area in 1906- 09
as compared with 1901- 05
%
%
%
Small-peasant farms . . . under 5 ha
169.70
2.35
&3.7
14.6
Small middle-peasant farms
5-10
148.20
2.91
17.7
21.2
Middle-peasant farms . . .
10-15
128.55
3.34
16.2
21.8
Big middle-peasant farms .
15-30
122.00
3.42
20.5
22.0
Big-peasant farms . . . .
over 30
100.00
4.48
16.9
15.7
Both wings of the Social-Democrats are said to be wrong:
the Radicals in that they tend to forget the difference between agriculture and industry, and the revisionists in that
they allege the superiority of small-scale production to
be the cause (of the development towards small-scale production) (p. 433). The author is a middle-of-the-roader (11),
a fool. He says small and middle (5-20 ha) peasant farms
are growing stronger, area statistics for 1907, etc., etc.
Written not earlier than July
1913
First published in 1938
Printed from the original in Lenin Miscellany XXXI
Gross income per ha without forest (1901-
09)
Net profit as % of production capital (1901- 09)
Gross income in general
Gross income from livestock farming
Schmelzle in Weekly of the
Agricultural Society in
Bavaria. 1912, No. 4 7 et seq.
A Study of the
Profitability of
Swiss Agriculture,
l. c. (p. 422)
PNMNQ
PNMNQ