You are convinced that the citizens named have not fulfilled
the obligations placed on them, having refused the role of arbitrators
(which is exactly what is prohibited by the French and German procedural
civil codes).
It is very important to explain this to Mr. Winck. If he
formulates his new conclusion now, based on these facts and considerations, if he says firmly: I accuse
the arbitrators, who are no longer arbitrators, — then it would be possible to win the case. If not, then it is not
worth the effort to resume demarches.
I would be very obliged to you, dear comrade, if you could send me a copy of the letter that you will send
to Mr. Winck *.
Please accept my socialist greetings.
N. Lenin
Wl. Ulyanow.
51. Ulica Lubomirskiego.
Autriche. Cracovie. Krakau.
Translated from French

FRAGMENT FROM AN UNKNOWN ARTICLE 1
[Later than April 16, 1914]
... in what they agree with each other. L. M., speaking on
behalf of the editorial board, reproaches Bulkin for fighting "Pravdism"
with a "flintlock rifle," — Martov himself, of course, claims to possess modern weapons. But let's first see
what cause Bulkin and L. M. want to defend with different "types of weapons."
Bulkin rages and storms against "Pravdism" and the "Pravdists" —
workers. At the same time, a red thread of renunciation of the u n d e r g r o u n d runs through his short but extremely angry
article.
"The psychology of the underground," "the iron logic of the underground" —
that's what drives Bulkin crazy. "Are there actually — asks...
*
On the envelope, V. I. Lenin wrote: "M. Ducos de la Haille. Avocat
a la Corn*. 58. Avenue do Clichy. Paris. Frankreich" and the return address:
"Absender: Wl. Ulyanow. 51. Ulica Lubomirskiego. Krakau. Cracovie".

1900 — MARCH 1917

1 The second page of the manuscript of this article has been preserved. Judging by
the content of the excerpt, the article was written by V. I. Lenin in connection
with the statements in No. 3 of the journal "Nasha Zarya" for 1914 by the liquidators
f. Bulkin and L. Martov, directed against the Bolsheviks. The statements
of Bulkin and Martov were sharply criticized by V. I. Lenin in a number
of his articles (see Complete Works, vol. 25, pp. 131—134, 167—170,
183-206, 321-352).
LETTER TO G. L. SHKLOVSKY
[1914, April, later than 25]
Dear G. L.
I just sent you a letter when I received your postcard.
I am sending the article 1. Show it to Samoilov and do it legally (tell the whole story in the third person —
"they," "the workers" are doing this, and I, Samoilov, only saw it
and tell it).
Think thrice, so that it is legal, so that
Samoilov cannot be prosecuted. Legality... *
x) You see that I have already crossed out a lot that is illegal.
I don't have time to finish it to the end. You can easily
do this in translation.
Printed according to the text of the facsimile, published in the catalog
"Autographen aus verschiedenem Besitz".
Marburg, 1963, S. 171, Tafel 44
1 This refers to the article "May Day and the Labor Movement in Russia"
(see the next document).
MAY DAY AND THE LABOR MOVEMENT IN RUSSIA 1
[1914, April, later than 25]
On behalf of the workers of Russia, I send greetings to the Swiss
workers and a warm wish for further success in the struggle for
socialism.
* The manuscript breaks off here.

Swiss workers have long enjoyed fairly complete political freedom, and it is difficult for them to imagine to what
extent the workers of Russia are deprived of rights. The electoral law in
our State Duma [is a malicious mockery of the rights of citizens] singles out [according to this law, workers are locked]. Workers in a special workers' curia, and deputies to the Duma from the workers
are elected not by the workers themselves, but by the landlords and priests! It goes without saying
that the majority is everywhere guaranteed by law (by means
of appointing the number of electors) to the reactionaries. And yet
the workers send only Social Democrats to the Duma, [candidates of the illegal party.]
How is this possible? The workers carry all the electors —
Social Democrats, and all the electors, except for the party candidate,
refuse to be elected. The landlord-reactionaries are forced by the workers
[Social Democrats] to elect Social Democrats to the Duma!!
[Without any trial] Workers are arrested in Russia by the dozens
and hundreds for participating in the labor movement and [without trial] are exiled
administratively into exile. But the workers of Russia, nevertheless,
[the first who broke the tyranny and lawlessness in Russia with the
great all-Russian strike and revolution of the fifth year] continue [even now their revolutionary] struggle with such force
that no persecution is in [the power] able to delay them.
Legal unions of workers [the government] our administration
closes without any trial [tyranny ... most *].
And yet the workers again and again establish unions. [Their illegal party, the RSDLP, the majority of conscious
workers in Russia defend with all their might, in every possible way concealing
their illegal revolutionary work through legal forms of movement.] Currently [For example, now!
insurance funds are being introduced everywhere in Russia, and workers are bringing
into the members of the boards only trusted people, "Pravdists."
The word Pravdist means supporter of the "Pravda" group. This is
the name of the first legal Marxist daily newspaper in Russia, founded on April 22, 1912, at a time of a huge
rise in strikes caused by the Lena massacre of April 4, 1912.
The government closed "Pravda" — the workers founded "Severnaya Pravda" of the same
direction. They closed it too: "Rabochaya Pravda" was founded. After countless closures, fines, confiscations,
"Put Pravdy" still comes out, which on April 22 (old style) 1914 celebrates the 2nd anniversary of the workers' daily
newspaper in Russia.
* As in the document.

1900 — MARCH 1917

Conscious workers in Russia, as I have become convinced, both in
the Vladimir province, where I was elected, and in St. Petersburg, where I am a member
of the Duma 2, warmly stand for social democracy [their illegal
party, the RSDLP, and put forward a threefold slogan of revolutionary
struggle]. In Russia, even the bourgeoisie — both the Cadets and the Octobrists,
monarchical, moderate, hostile to the revolution parties, are
now aware of the probability and inevitability of a new revolution.
To that [great is everywhere lawlessness and tyranny, to that] strongly
grows dissatisfaction everywhere, to that desperately is peasant devastation
and the starvation of millions of peasants.
But of all the classes of Russian society, only the proletariat
openly raises the banner of full-fledged democratic transformations [revolution and propagandizes it in the masses of
the people. The threefold revolutionary slogan with which I met
everywhere in Russia among conscious workers is the following:
1) a democratic republic; 2) the confiscation of landlord
lands in favor of the peasants; 3) an 8-hour working day. The first two
slogans are caused by the fact that without political freedom and the overthrow
of the power of the serf-owners (who trample all laws in Russia, having a majority both in the State Duma
and in the State Council) the workers do not see a way out to a broad
class struggle for socialism].
Swiss workers are already conducting their class struggle
widely and freely now, preparing forces to overthrow the bourgeoisie.
And on May Day, on the worldwide holiday of workers and
the day of review of their [revolutionary] forces, I send our brothers,
the Swiss workers, a warm greeting on behalf of all conscious
workers of Russia.
Aufruf an die Schweizer Arbeiter *
Printed according to the text of the journal «Schweizerische Zeitschrift
fur Geschichte», 1966, No. 3, S. 412—414

The article "May First and the Workers' Movement in Russia" was written
by V. I. Lenin for the pre-May issue of the newspaper "Berner Tagwacht"
("Bernese Watchman") for 1914, where it was supposed to be published
under the signature of Deputy of the IV State Duma F. N. Samoilov.
In his letter of April 25 (N.S.) 1914, G. L. Shklovsky informed V. I. Lenin that the editor-in-chief of the newspaper "Berner Tagwacht"
R. Grimm addressed F. N. Samoilov, who was in Bern for
treatment, with a request to write an article on the position of the Bolshevik faction
in the Duma and asked Vladimir Ilyich to write this article for Samoilov.
Lenin wrote the article and forwarded it to Shklovsky with the instruction - to
show the article to Samoilov and to think it over "three times" in order to make it legal.
In connection with this assignment, apparently, a number of sentences and words were
sublated (in this collection they are enclosed in square brackets).
* - Appeal to Swiss workers.