To characterize the disintegration of the peasantry, Lenin analyzes summarized data from zemstvo statistics, including N. Blagoveshchensky's summary collection "Peasant Economy." Lenin makes a detailed analysis of this source in the notebook below. The notes in the notebook show how Lenin checks and critically revises the materials, preparing the scientific conclusions and generalizations that he made in paragraph X of Chapter Two of "The Development of Capitalism in Russia" (Works, Vol. III, p. 100) and paragraph V of Chapter Four (pp. 208-209).
In addition to the notes in the notebook, there are also Lenin's remarks on N. Blagoveshchensky's book itself. These remarks are given here after the notebook.

NOTEBOOK: "BLAGOVESHCHENSKY. - SUMMARY COLLECTION"
Blagoveshchensky. Summary Collection
Tambov Governorate (12 districts)
Distribution of households by working livestock
Number of Households
%
Horses
%
a) without working livestock
72,164
—
—
b) with 1 head
95,563
95,563
19.,
c) with 2 heads
73,767
147,534
30.7
d) with 3 or more
63,878
237,277
49ch
Total
305,372
480,374
See next.

Kursk (15 districts)
By working livestock
Households
7.
Horses
°//0
a) with 0 heads
74,143
25., — -- -
b) » 1 »
78,161
26.5
78,161
16.,
c) » 2 »
119,604
40.6
239,208
51.,
d) » 3 or more
22,925
7-a
150,832
З -ч
*) Total
294,833
468,201
See below for data on Tambov Governorate, p. 90. Ed.
[ M I

*) Meaning 7z group in dast
13.5% of households — 17.0% of horses
4 - group d
»
7.8%
»
— 32.,2%
»

2U7o
—
In order to judge the typicality of data on the distribution
of households by cow number (p. 249) in 18 districts of 4 non-black
earth governorates, we can only take the following data:
1) the average number of cows per 1 household (total, not allotment) and
2) % of households without livestock.
Here is the data:
2,963,683 households (in 21 governorates, 122 districts*) — 3/(67,430 cows.
Per 1 household — 1.n.
2,983,733
»
(»22
»
»
) — without livestock
387,763 = 13% and in 18 districts, 303,262 households **— 164,346 cows
by 1.5 without livestock — 52,514 households = 17%.

Tambov Governorate. Is it possible to form an idea of the land ownership of the highest group, i.e. many-horse
owners?
Allotment households
305,323
Allotment arable land 2,950,039 desyatinas
Purchased
»
81,617
»
leased arable land
485,525
»
(according to Karyshev, Appendix
1 ***)
Total land use
3,517,181.
Per 1 allotment household = 11.5 desyatinas.
Many-horse households (% part) should be 2— 21/.2 times higher than the average, i.e. 23—28 desyatinas per household.
* Without Kharkov Governorate. Ed.
** See below, p. 99. Ed.
N. Karyshev. "Results of economic research of Russia based on
zemstvo statistics", volume
II: "Peasant non-allotment leases", Derpt 1892. Ed.

notebook :
" blagoveshchensky .
SUMMARY COLLECTION"
Ryazan ? //-
<Je rpnia, 4 districts
Households
%
They have horses g> '
. 0
Without horses V
28,988
35.6
.—
with 1 horse
23,467
28., 23,467
23., » 2 horses
15,705
IO.,
31,410
О00
» 3 or more
13,133
16., 46,848 •)
46., 81,293
101,725
*) Total horses 101,725 — 54,877 = 46,848
Orel, 6 districts
Households
Horses
Without horses
27,545
—
with 1 horse
36,764
36,764
» 2 horses
30,388
60,776
» 3 or more
15,775
60,704*)
110,472
158,244
*) Total horses 158,244 — 97,540=60,704
Tver Governorate, 5 districts
Horses
Without horses
24,139
—
49,738
49,738
<±
27,966
55,932
3 or more
6,837
22,916 *)
108,680
128,586
*) Total horses 128,586 [— 105,670 = 22,916]
Blagoveshchensky, p.
To try to summarize the data on the number of households
by working livestock (by 4-xM groups), we have to discard part
of the districts in which there is data only on 3 groups, namely:

LENIN'S COLLECTION
Districts
Saratov Governorate. Out of 40 districts, data is available
only on 5 districts
{Total discarded
Hous without working livestock with 1 head
For 5 districts
36,912
37,351
7 Samara Governorate. Out of 7 districts, data on 2 districts (Samara
For 2 districts
11,040
17,141
1 Bessarabian Governorate. 1 district, no data — discard
18, of which there is no data on 11, and there is on 7
Total discarded 11 districts
But for 7 districts *:
But for the remaining 105 districts:
565,286
657,7641)
Total for 112 districts:
613,238
712,256 in 21 governorates
°/o
24., 28., Consequently, they have working livestock, pieces
—
712,256
°//o
—
18-6%
Total population in these 2,486,915 households about 14,995,897 people
*) Adding Saratov 80,737 and Samara 67,575 will give
*) According to graph 26 (p. 126) the total = 2,304,441, but this graph is generally
Without them = 2,159,617,
8) Counting 1 pair of oxen as 1 piece.
* This graph in the notebook is not filled in. Ed.

notebook: "blagoveshchensky.
SUMMARY COLLECTION"
(Atkarsk, Kamyshin, Petrovsk, Saratov and Tsaritsyn).
5 districts.} households
Total with 2 heads with 3 or more households horses oxen
29,331
42,586
146,180
239,548
86,618 and Stavropol). {Total discarded 5 districts.}
16,309
24,941
G9,431
165,430
3,978
600,260
447,994
2,271,3042)
2,990,616
776,266
645,900
2%%
515,521
20.,%
2,486,915
100%
3,395,594
866,862
1,291,800
1,824,969
Y
3,829,0253)
zz.,»/,
* V /o
л
Ь-ь
О
Оо
о
century (see next page)
806,076, and Blagoveshchensky has 806,676 (p. 132). I checked my figure,
doesn't match. In that including hopeless ones (graph
33) = 144,824.

If we were to add horses directly with oxen, we would get
total working livestock
4,262,456 of which many-horse owners have
2,258,100 and those without and with one horse have
2,004,056
To determine the population in these 112 districts, 2,486,915 house
holds, I thought it best to take the calculation by average, because to summarize
absolute figures could only be for all these 112 districtsM,
the number of households in which will not match the number 2.Î86.915.
Experience summarizing data on trades (spe
Districts
I uoeриии number
Present (*families
!
46,932
J 14,684
s
25,592
211,788
I
59,709
!
97,776
;
19,311
60,018
81,308
71,818
316,134
99,116 i
272,321 j
139,581
I
70,663 i
60,411
!
82,179
37,434 i
212,938
!
St. Petersburg (a)
Tver
Novgorod
Vyatka
Perm
Smolensk (b)
Moscow
J
Nizhny Novgorod
Ryazan
Saratov
Samara
Orel (c)
Kursk
1\
Voronezh (d)
Chernigov
Ekaterinoslav
Kherson
Bessarabia
Poltava
19 governorates
8!)

notebook :
" blagoveshchensky . — SUMMARY COLLECTION))
Total in the general summary 2,983,733 households of present population
in them
17,996,317 people and per 1 household, therefore, 6.03 souls
and 14,995,897 people will fall to 2,486,915 households.
tailed about departing) according to Blagoveshchensky population
!
Trades souls of both genders workers i
.male gender j families
,
!
persons of male gender
I
local
I,
departing
252,603
63,371
44,817
39,576
17,524
646,739
152,818
?
35,633
72,343
140,299
32,825
15,960
25,987
3,497
1,238,581
286.-105
103,183
148,813
82,140
307,265
76,075
55,357
80,719
1,945
573,753
142,927
•>
i
60,802
102,361
27,162
12,294
?
i
13,733
316,444
76,643
31,558
18,487
21,358
530,245
132,261
37,324
?
42,591
394,285
100,635
24,031
?
11,482
2,026,966
463,293
■>
103,185
29,230
643,728
153,669
46,113
18,885
44,733
1,749,699
437,644
168,825
,
115,519
119,582
979,581
234,968
85,570
88,086
30,164
420,948
96,271
31,190
38,372
11,081
383,869
79,574
•>
39,213
10,692
420,862
96,687
■)
3,850
168,231
47,822
14,811
5,905
11,269
1,168,225
284,620
•>
Î
69,971
26,883
2,985,670
614,899 i

Let us now correct the data on trades (columns 86 and 89),
so as to reduce them to the same 112 *Uezds*.
Column 86
Column 89
Remove from Saratov *Guberniya*
? *)
6.201
Samara »
»
16.736**)
10.765
Bessarabian »
»
14.811
?
Remove
31.547
16.966
Remaining
1.041.955
109.149
But this is not for 112 *Uezds*, but only...
a) for Gdov *Uezd* only the number of families with trades is given (p. 11)
for the *III* *Lisselburg* *Uezd* only the total number of tradesmen is given, without division into local and migrant workers, 5.745 trades-
men in 5.845 families with trades, while in total the *Uezd* has 6.264
households, 33.588 souls of both sexes, 8.392 male workers
b) information on local tradesmen only in 1 *Uezd*
(6.062), p. 23, on families with trades only in 5 *Uezds* (76.468).
Tambov *Guberniya*. Only families with tradesmen:
143.396 — but no data on the number of tradesmen.
Total *Uezds*: 12. Families: 317.051. Male workers: 504.342. Population of both sexes: 2.108.588
c) for Mtsensk *Uezd*, 6.712 families with trades and 8.452
tradesmen (local + migrant workers) (14.349 households — 21.829
workers — 88.791 souls)
d) for 3 *Uezds* together, local + migrant workers 97.168 trades-
men, families — 67.851 (87.236 households — 146.895 workers —
590.267 souls of both sexes).
*) In totals, only for 4 *Uezds*.
**) »
»
»
»
1 *Uezd* (16.736)