# Date: December 21, 1915

3 In the work "The Collapse of the Second International," V. I. Lenin notes that Plekhanov in Russia and Lensch among the Germans develop the Struvian theory of social-chauvinism, which is substantiated as follows: "Socialism is based on the rapid development of capitalism; the victory of my country will accelerate the development of capitalism in it, and therefore also the advent of socialism" (Complete Collection of Works, vol. 26, p. 226).

4 V. I. Lenin has in mind an expression from the essays of M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin "Abroad."

5 Ludwig Frank — German social-democrat, one of the leaders of the revisionists, social-chauvinist, a lawyer by profession. From 1907 — member of the Reichstag. At the beginning of the imperialist world war he volunteered for the army, died at the front.

Marcel Sembat — one of the reformist leaders of the French Socialist Party, a journalist. From August 1914 to September 1917 he was minister of public works in the imperialist "national defense government" of France.

Jules Guesde — one of the organizers and leaders of the French socialist movement and the Second International. Did much to spread the ideas of Marxism and the development of the socialist movement in France. However, while opposing the policy of the right socialists, he made mistakes of a sectarian character both in theoretical and tactical questions. From the beginning of the imperialist world war he adopted a social-chauvinist position and entered the bourgeois government of France.

Édouard Marie Vaillant — French socialist, one of the leaders of the Second International. During the imperialist world war — a social-chauvinist.

Louis de Brouckère — one of the leaders and theoreticians of the Belgian Workers' Party; during the First World War — a fierce social-chauvinist. After the war — member of the Bureau of the General Council of the party and member of the Executive Committee of the Second International. Later entered the government, was a senator, representative of Belgium in the League of Nations. From 1919 — professor at the Belgian University, from 1926 — member of the Belgian Academy. Spoke out against the Soviet state and the Bolshevik party.

Henri de Man — Belgian socialist, from 1939 — chairman of the Belgian Socialist Party. During the period of the First World War — a social-chauvinist. In 1933 — minister of labor, in 1936–1940 — minister of finance. During the occupation of Belgium by Hitlerite troops he collaborated with the fascists, after the liberation of Belgium he emigrated to Switzerland, in 1946 was sentenced in absentia by a Belgian court to 20 years imprisonment.

6 Léon Jouhaux — a reformist figure in the French and international professional movement; one of the right-wing leaders of the Amsterdam International of trade unions. During the imperialist world war — a chauvinist.

7 Leonida Bissolati — one of the founders of the Italian Socialist Party and leader of its far right reformist wing. In 1896–1904 and 1908–1910 was editor of the central organ of the party, the newspaper "Avanti!" ("Forward!"). From 1897 — member of parliament. In 1912 was expelled from the Italian Socialist Party and formed the "Social-Reformist Party." During the imperialist world war — a social-chauvinist, supporter of Italy's participation in the war on the side of the Entente. In 1916–1918 was in the government as a minister without portfolio.

8 B.S.P. (British Socialist Party) — British Socialist Party — founded in 1911 in Manchester as a result of the merger of the Social-Democratic Party with other socialist groups. The BSP conducted agitation in the spirit of the ideas of Marxism and was a party "not opportunist, genuinely independent of the Liberals" (V. I. Lenin. Complete Collection of Works, vol. 23, p. 344). However, the small size of the party and its weak connection with the masses gave it a somewhat sectarian character. During the imperialist world war, a sharp struggle unfolded in the party between the internationalist tendency (W. Gallacher, A. Inkpin, D. Maclean, F. Rothstein, and others) and the social-chauvinist tendency, headed by Hyndman. Within the internationalist tendency there were inconsistent elements that occupied a centrist position on a number of questions. In February 1916, a group of BSP figures founded the newspaper "The Call," which played an important role in uniting the internationalists. The annual conference of the BSP held in April 1916 in Salford condemned the social-chauvinist position of Hyndman and his supporters, and they left the party.

The British Socialist Party welcomed the Great October Socialist Revolution. Members of the BSP played a major role in the movement of English working people in defense of Soviet Russia against foreign intervention. In 1919 an overwhelming majority of the party's organizations (98 against 4) spoke out in favor of joining the Communist International. The British Socialist Party, together with the Communist Unity Group, played the leading role in the formation of the Communist Party of Great Britain. At the first unification congress held in 1920, an overwhelming majority of local BSP organizations joined the communist party.

9 I.L.P. (Independent Labour Party) — Independent Labour Party of England.

10 L.P. (Labour Party) — Labour Party of England (Labour) — founded in [year] as a union of trade unions, socialist organizations and groups for the purpose of conducting working-class representatives to parliament (the "Committee of Labour Representation"). In 1906 the Committee was renamed the Labour (Labour) Party. Members of trade unions are automatically members of the party on condition of payment of party dues. The Cooperative Party is closely affiliated with the Labour Party, entering it as a collective member, and the Independent Labour Party. At the head of the Labour Party stands an Executive Committee, which together with the General Council of the trade unions and the Executive Committee of the Cooperative Party forms the so-called National Council of Labour. The Labour Party, which initially developed as a working-class party in composition (later a significant number of petty bourgeois elements entered it), is, in its ideology and tactics, an opportunist organization. From the moment of the party's inception, its leaders have pursued a policy of class cooperation with the bourgeoisie. During the imperialist world war (1914–1918) the leaders of the Labour Party (A. Henderson and others), occupying a social-chauvinist position, entered the Royal Government; with their active support a number of laws were passed directed against the workers (on the militarization of the country, etc.).

11 F.S. (Fabian Society) — Fabian Society — an English reformist organization founded in 1884.

During the years of the First World War the Fabians occupied a position of social-chauvinism. For a characterization of the Fabians see V. I. Lenin's article "English Pacifism and English Dislike of Theory" (Complete Collection of Works, vol. 26, pp. 266–272).

12 Pieter Jelles Troelstra — a figure in the Dutch workers' movement, a right-wing socialist. Was one of the founders and leaders of the Dutch