Neither fish nor fowl

improved implements, sell the plow and the soul

cooperatives

"high profitability"

deception = lottery

4 questions

4 questions:

landowners

rich peasants

149 {143}

31/2 + 3 million poor peasants

struggle for money.

Cooperatives

"highest profitability"

for small-scale production

diligence and zeal

deception = lottery, attraction upward

4 questions

cooperatives {credit and dairy}

(German data)

1 "highest profitability"

2 "zeal," diligence, industriousness – pull upward up the ladder

3 one will be lifted up, 10 will be deceived. Lottery…

* Section IV crossed out by Lenin. Ed.

V. For what improvements in the life of the peasantry do Social-Democrats struggle?

(α)        1. Social-Democrats against all the bourgeoisie, all those living by the labor of others.

2. For all improvements in the life of the peasant that can possibly be won, for every liberation from the oppression of landowners, the state, officials, police, priests.

(β)        3. Political freedom.

** Points 4–10 crossed out by Lenin. Ed.

(γ) Factory laws in the countryside.

*** The text from the words "working day" to the words "from workers" crossed out by Lenin. Ed.

Moreover, not only for rural workers, but also for peasants: § VI.

Answers of the Populists, Socialist-Revolutionaries, Social-Democrats

§ VI in fine[78]:

α. 3 demands – β. unification of interests of rich and poor – γ. further allotments? depends on the rich – δ. socialist revolution – ε: it is important not to demand much, but to take a step toward the unification of peasants

1) Collusion will expose the interests of the rich and the poor.

2) First step: together with the rich, for the most modest demands.

3) Unification of village poor by means of committees.

4) Further: struggle for socialism.

5) Some say: not allotments, but all the land from the landowners.

The poor – socialism.

Rich peasants??

6) One cannot rely on rich peasants[79].

VII. Class Struggle in the Countryside.

1. What is class struggle? The struggle of the oppressed part of the population against the oppressors. Struggle against serfdom. – The struggle of the poor against the rich.

2. The peasant movement of 1902. The heroism of the fighters: their great beginning. We must continue it. But we must analyze why they were defeated.

3. From lack of consciousness, from lack of preparation. Peasants did not know what to demand. Peasants did not know who their enemy was. Peasants did not see the connection between landowners and the government. Peasants wanted life to be just, according to God, without knowing how to achieve it.

[distrust]

4. Our answer. Once again: Union of countryside and city against

3 demands together.

5. Practical methods of unification and struggle.

Agitation. Circles. Support from urban workers.

§ VII.

1) Peasant movement of 1902.

2) Heroism. Reprisals.

3) How to achieve victory?

4) It is necessary to understand clearly. Not God's – but human.

3 demands.

5) It is necessary to prepare a union with urban workers

Social-Democratic circles.

agitation (leaflets, books).

Class struggle in the countryside (distrust of rich peasants).

6) Support for workers when they begin action in the cities.