# Date: 1902

language as a "process of labor" (see K. Marx and F. Engels. Works, 2nd ed., 
vol. 23, p. 772).
66 Johann Karl Rodbertus-Jagetzow — German vulgar economist 
and political figure, major Prussian landowner, one of the theorists of the 
reactionary ideas of Prussian "state socialism." Lived in the nineteenth 
century.
67 See K. Marx and F. Engels. Works, 2nd ed., vol. 21, pp. 180–194.
68 Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de Sismondi — Swiss economist 
and historian, petty bourgeois critic of capitalism, prominent representative 
of economic romanticism. Lived in the late eighteenth — first half of the 
nineteenth century.
J. S. L. Simonde de Sismondi. Nouveaux principes d'économie politique, 
ou De la richesse dans ses rapports avec la population. Tome I. Paris, 
1819 (J. S. L. Simonde de Sismondi. New Principles of Political Economy, 
or On Wealth in Its Relation to Population. Vol. I. Paris, 1819).
89 V. I. Lenin emphasizes this proposition on the theory of rent 
in F. Engels's preface to the second volume of "Capital" and uses 
it in his book "The Development of Capitalism in Russia," critically examining 
Rodbertus's theory of national income (see Complete Works, vol. 3, p. 52).
Marx's manuscript — refers to the work "Theories of Surplus Value" (see 
K. Marx and F. Engels. Works, 2nd ed., vol. 26, Part II, Chapter VIII — "Mr. 
Rodbertus. A New Theory of Ground Rent (A Digression)").
70 This concerns the book by A. Potter "Political economy: its objects, 
uses, and principles: considered with reference to the condition of the american 
people". New York, 1841. As is evident from the introduction, the majority 
of this book represents essentially a reprint (with changes made by Potter) 
of the first ten chapters of J. Scrope's "Principles of Political Economy," 
published in England in 1833.
71 In the manuscript, K. Marx points out the error of such a method 
of calculating the time of capital turnover. The average turnover time indicated 
in the citation (16 months) is calculated with a profit of 7½% on the entire 
capital of 50 thousand dollars. Without accounting for profit, the turnover 
time of this capital would be 18 months.
V. I. Lenin made this calculation in the margins of page 165 of the 
German edition of Volume II of "Capital." Hamburg, 1885.
72 V. I. Lenin cites this proposition of K. Marx in the book "The 
Development of Capitalism in Russia" when examining the question of the 
realization of surplus value in capitalist society (see Complete Works, vol. 3, 
p. 33).
73 V. I. Lenin quotes this proposition of K. Marx in his own translation 
in the book "The Development of Capitalism in Russia," in Chapter I "Theoretical 
Errors of Populist Economists," in the section — "VI. Marx's Theory of 
Realization," when examining the analysis of the reproduction of social capital 
(see Complete Works, vol. 3, p. 39).
74 N. W. Senior. Principes fondamentaux de l'économie politique, 
tirés de leçons éditées et inédites de Mr. N. W. Senior par le c-te Jean Arrivabene. 
Paris, 1836, p. 342–343 (N. W. Senior. Fundamental Principles of Political 
Economy, Extracted from the Published and Unpublished Lectures of Mr. 
N. W. Senior by Count Jean Arrivabene. Paris, 1836, pp. 342–343).
In Volume I of "Capital," in Chapter XXII "The Transformation of 
Surplus Value into Capital," in Section 3 "Division of Surplus Value into Capital 
and Income. The Theory of Abstinence," K. Marx, criticizing the English vulgar 
bourgeois economist Nassau William Senior, cites this same proposition from 
his work "Fundamental Principles of Political Economy" as an example (see 
K. Marx and F. Engels. Works, 2nd ed., vol. 23, p. 610).
75 V. I. Lenin cites this proposition of K. Marx in his own translation 
in the work "On the So-Called Question of Markets" and in the book "The 
Development of Capitalism in Russia," criticizing the erroneous positions 
of liberal Populists and "legal Marxists" on the question of the theory of 
capitalist reproduction (see Complete Works, vol. 1, p. 82 and vol. 3, p. 45).
76 Edward Burnett Tylor — prominent English ethnographer, creator 
of the evolutionary school in the history of culture and ethnography; lived 
in the nineteenth — early twentieth century.
E. B. Tylor [Tyler]. Forschungen über die Urgeschichte der Menschheit 
und die Entwicklung der Civilisation. Aus dem Englischen von H. Muller. 
Leipzig. P. 240 (E. B. Tylor. Research into the Primeval History of Mankind 
and the Development of Civilization. Translated from English by H. Mueller. 
Leipzig, p. 240).
77 V. I. Lenin cites this proposition of K. Marx in his own translation 
in the article "Uncritical Criticism (On the Article of Mr. P. Skvortsov 
'Commodity Fetishism' in No. 12 of 'Scientific Review' for 1899)" (see 
Complete Works, vol. 3, p. 620).
78 See this Miscellany, p. 146 and note 74.
79 I. H. M. Poppe. "Geschichte der Technologie seit der Wiederherstellung 
der Wissenschaften bis an Ende des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts". Band I, 
Göttingen, 1807, p. 70 (I. H. M. Poppe. History of Technology from the 
Moment of the Emergence of Science to the End of the Eighteenth Century. 
Vol. I. Göttingen, 1807, p. 70).
Johann Heinrich Moritz Poppe — German scholar, author of several works 
on the history of technology; lived in the late eighteenth — first half of the 
nineteenth century.
80 V. I. Lenin uses this proposition of K. Marx in the book "The 
Development of Capitalism in Russia," in Chapter VI "Capitalist Manufacture 
and Capitalist Work at Home," in the section "The Formation of Manufacture 
and Its Basic Features," when examining the process of the emergence of 
capitalist manufacture (see Complete Works, vol. 3, p. 385).
81 Samuel Jones Loyd, Baron Overstone — English banker, bourgeois 
economist; lived in the late eighteenth — nineteenth century.
Robert Torrens — English bourgeois economist; lived in the late eighteenth — 
nineteenth century.
George Ward Norman — English bourgeois economist, author of works 
on monetary circulation and taxation, one of the directors of the Bank of 
England (1821–1872).
William Clay — English political figure and economist; lived in the late 
eighteenth — nineteenth century.
George Arbuthnot — official of the English Treasury (Ministry of 
Finance), author of several works on questions of monetary circulation and 
credit; lived in the nineteenth century.
Robert Peel — English statesman, leader of the moderate Tories, named 
"Peelites" after him; Home Secretary (1822–1830), Prime Minister (1834–1835 
and 1841–1846).
In Volume III of "Capital," F. Engels cites this text from K. Marx's work 
"A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy" (see K. Marx and 
F. Engels. Works, 2nd ed., vol. 13, pp. 164–165).
82 Report from the secret committee of the House of Lords appointed 
to inquire into the causes of the distress which has for some time prevailed 
among the commercial classes, and how far it has been affected by the Laws 
for regulating the issue of bank notes payable on demand. Together with the 
minutes of evidence, and an appendix. Ordered, by the House of Commons, 
to be printed, 28 July 1848. Reprinted 1857 (Report of the Secret Committee 
of the House of Lords to Investigate the Causes of the Distress That Has Long 
Afflicted the Commercial Classes and the Effect Upon It of the Laws 
Regulating the Issue of Banknotes. With Minutes of Evidence and an Appendix. 
Published by Order of the House of Commons, 28 July 1848. Reprinted 1857).
83 Report from the select committee on bank acts: together with the 
proceedings of the committee, minutes of evidence, appendix and index. 
Ordered, by the House of Commons, to be printed, 30 July 1857 (Report 
from the Special Committee on Banking Legislation; Proceedings of the 
Committee, Minutes of Evidence, Appendix and Index. Published by Order 
of the House of Commons, 30 July 1857).
84 V. I. Lenin has in mind the work by K. Marx "Zur Kritik der politischen 
Oekonomie," p. 168, note 1) ("A Contribution to the Critique of Political 
Economy," p. 168, note 1), from which F. Engels cites Lord Overstone's speech 
in Volume III of "Capital" (see K. Marx and F. Engels. Works, 2nd ed., 
vol. 13, p. 165).
85 This concerns the book: D. Ricardo. On the principles of political 
economy, and taxation. Third edition. London, 1821 (D. Ricardo. On the 
Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. Third Edition. London, 1821).
86 V. I. Lenin refers to these propositions of K. Marx in his works 
"The Agrarian Question and 'Critiques of Marx'" and "Marxist Views on the 
Agrarian Question in Europe and Russia" when examining the theory of rent 
(see Complete Works, vol. 5, p. 117 and vol. 7, p. 113).
87 Edward West — English economist, one of the representatives of 
classical bourgeois political economy, developed questions of ground rent; lived 
in the late eighteenth — early nineteenth century.
Thomas Robert Malthus — English clergyman, economist, ideologist of 
the bourgeoisified landowning aristocracy, apologist for capitalism; preacher 
of the inhuman theory of population. Lived in the second half of the eighteenth — 
first third of the nineteenth century.
88 V. I. Lenin cites this proposition of K. Marx in his work "The 
Agrarian Question and 'Critiques of Marx'" when examining the question of 
the formation of differential rent (see Complete Works, vol. 5, pp. 109–110).
89 V. I. Lenin cites this proposition of K. Marx in his book "The 
Development of Capitalism in Russia" when examining the question of the 
capitalist path of development of the borderlands of Tsarist Russia (see 
Complete Works, vol. 3, pp. 254 and 593).
90 J. L. Morton. The Resources of estates: being a treatise on the 
agricultural improvement and general management of landed property. London, 
1858 (J. L. Morton. The Resources of Estates: A Treatise on Agricultural 
Improvements and the General Management of Land Property. London, 1858).
John Locart Morton — English agronomist of the mid-nineteenth century, 
author of several works on questions of agriculture.
91 See K. Marx and F. Engels. Works, 2nd ed., vol. 25, Part II, p. 214.

FROM THE NOTEBOOK 
"EXCERPTS FROM 'DIE NEUE ZEIT' OF VARIOUS YEARS"¹
[End of 1901 — Beginning of 1902]

"Die Neue Zeit" Xth year of publication 1891–[189]2.
Note articles from:
Volume I:
Lafargue: Zola's "Money."
To the 60th Anniversary of Hegel's Death. Plekhanov².
The Situation in Russia. By a Russian Revolutionary.
Socialism in Russian Poland. By Vinyarsky.
Piece-work and Socialism. By Domela Nieuwenhuis with objections 
by Bernstein and others. [and in Volume II].
Economic Sleights of Hand. J. N.
The Cry of Suffering of a Russian Reactionary.
Socialism in Germany. [Article written in French for the Almanac of 
the French Workers' Party 1892.] Fr. Engels. (Pp. 580–589) (here also 
about Russian famine)³.
[1891–2, No. 1–9]
Growth of Urban Population.
The Massacre of Hostages (from the History of the Paris Commune).
Volume II: The Trade Union Movement in Germany (M. Shippel).
Modern Prostitution (Dr. A. Blazhko).
P. Axelrod: The Political Awakening of Russian Workers and Their 
Celebration of the First of May 1891. (Pp. 36–, 78–, 109–).
The Socio-Political Significance of Elevators. Rud. Meyer.
Nationalization of the Grain Trade — the same.
The Psychological Trend in Political Economy. Conr. Schmidt.
The Social Doctrine of Anarchism. Ed. Bernstein.
(Volume II) Plekhanov — "G. Uspensky"⁴.
Kautsky: Vollmar and State Socialism⁵.
Socio-Political "Handbook."
From Others:
(In the feuilleton: The Legend of Lessing. Fr. Mehring)
Ninth year of publication (1890–1), Volume I:
Lafargue's Reminiscences of Marx.
His same — congresses in Calais and Lille.
— the collapse of Boulangism, etc.

Plekhanov (translation by Krichevsky). How Does the Bourgeoisie 
Commemorate Its Revolution?
(on the book by P. Janey: A Century of the Revolution of 1789.)
His same: "Civilization and Great Rivers"⁶.
Max Shippel. Die Sachsengängerei⁷.
To the 70th Anniversary of Fr. Engels.
Engels. Outlines toward a Critique of Political Economy⁸.
PP. 236–254. No. 8.
His same: Brentano contra Marx⁹.
Ed. Bernstein. — The Book of Sartorius von Waltershausen — on the 
Question of the Iron Law of Wages.
K. Marx. On the Critique of the Social-Democratic Party Program¹⁰.
[No. 18: PP. 561–575]
"Vorwärts", June 6, 1877, No. 65
("Congress of the Social-Democrats of Germany" (conclusion))¹¹
Most¹² and his comrades submit the following proposal:
"In view of the fact that such articles as Engels's polemic against 
Dühring¹³ do not present interest to the majority of readers of 'Vorwärts' — 
in the future do not publish them in 'Vorwärts'."
After it was decided to view this case in purely formal and practical 
terms, Bebel¹⁴ submits a proposal to the effect that, given the length of 
these articles and given that one must accord the opponent an equal space 
for rebuttal — to publish such articles in the future in the form of pamphlets, 
all the more so as it is only (sic! — only) a disputed scholarly question.
Liebknecht¹⁵ considers that since Most's proposal is not realistic, there 
is no point in discussing it.
Most withdraws his proposal in favor of Bebel's proposal, who definitively 
declares his full agreement with Engels's articles and shifts his proposal 
to purely practical ground.
Waltrych¹⁶ states that he has generally always been satisfied with the 
conduct of "Vorwärts" and therefore the editors can trust him when he 
ascertains that the reception of Engels's articles was an error which brings 
great harm both to the newspaper and to the party. Engels's manner of 
lecturing is completely unacceptable to the majority of party comrades. 
Marx and Engels have brought great benefit to social-democracy and, it must 
be hoped, will bring it in the future as well, but the same can be said about 
Dühring; we must use everyone in the interests of the party, but when 
professors quarrel, "Vorwärts" is not the place to resolve these disputes.
Liebknecht: he generally does not understand all this fuss. After it was 
decided not to engage in discussion of the substance of the dispute itself and 
it was resolved to found a scientific supplement and "review," the debates 
are completely pointless. It is self-evident that in the future such articles 
will be published in this supplement or review. But since it has not yet been 
founded, we had no other newspaper besides "Vorwärts" for printing. 
The publication of the articles, however, was decided upon by last year's 
congress¹⁷ (italics in "Vorwärts"), and this decision was provoked by the 
Dühringians. The articles seem to many "too long" — but surely one could 
not have anticipated that such a person as Engels, whose scholarly significance 
can only be compared to Marx, would be told by the editors of "Vorwärts" 
how to write: briefly or at length. These articles had to be and will be long, 
since the matter is one of *...¹⁸
"Neue Zeit". 14th year of publication. Volume 2.
[1895–1896 No. 27–52]

597 likewise. Year 
marked: "1896"
14th year of publication.
Volume 2.
Pages
Among other things: Kautsky. The End of Poland? 
(pp. 484 and 513)¹⁹
Parvus. Monetary Circulation 
in Russia
(p. 246–).
»
State Coup 
and Political 
Mass 
Strike
(5 articles)
Engels. The Role of Labor 
in the Process of Man's 
Development from 
the Ape.
(p. 545–)²⁰
Mehring's Polemic with 
Struve.
Beatrice Webb on the 
Sweating System
2 articles on the Armenian 
Question and others.
(1896–[1897])
Year of publication 15, vol. 1. Polemic of K. Kautsky with B. Bax.
Lafargue on the Stock 
Exchange and Romanticism.
Marx's Letter to Schweizer²¹.
Enilman. 2 social-democratic 
congresses.
(Hungary) and others.

Year of publication 14, vol. 1. 
Heine's Letter to Marx.
K. Kautsky on the Breslau 
Resolution and other notes 
on the agrarian question.
Parvus. The World Market and 
Agricultural Crisis.
Mueller and Schmidt on the 
Bavarian Agricultural 
Survey.
Engels. Force and Economics
Year of publication 15. Vol. 2. The 
Beginning of Bernstein's 
"Problems."
K. Kautsky on the Elections 
to the Prussian Landtag.
Marx's Letter of 1848²³.
Mehring: "Stein, Hess, Marx" 
and others.

From Marx's article "On the Critique of the Gotha Program"²⁴ note:
"Neue Zeit," IX, 1, pp. 561–575; 1890–[1891], No. 18.
and so forth.

III
... "In place of the indefinite concluding phrase at the end of the paragraph: 
'elimination of all social and political inequality,' it should have been said 
that with the abolition of class distinctions, all social and political inequality 
arising from them will themselves disappear..." (571).
["This social revolution will completely abolish the division of society 
into classes, and, consequently, all social and political inequality arising 
from this division:"]
... "The socialist organization of aggregate labor" does not "arise" from 
the revolutionary process of the restructuring of society, but from "state 
assistance"... (571).
"Between capitalist and communist society lies a period of revolutionary 
transformation of one into the other. To this period corresponds also a political 
transition period, and the state of this period can be nothing other than the 
revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat" (573).
[Marx, as it were not unintentionally, says "revolutionary dictatorship" 
of the proletariat, repeating the word: revolutionary, although it is already 
present in "revolutionary transformation." Is this not also a narrowing 
of the concept of 'political transition period'?]
(programs)
(573)
"Its political demands contain nothing but old, universally known, 
democratic refrains: universal suffrage, direct legislation, popular law, 
popular militia, etc.... But they forgot only one thing. Since the German 
workers' party definitively declares that it acts within the limits of 'the 
contemporary national state,' i.e., within its own state, the Prussian-German 
Empire — and indeed its demands would otherwise be for the most part 
meaningless, since they demand only what they do not have — it should not 
have forgotten the most important thing, namely, that all these fine little 
things rest on the recognition of the so-called popular sovereignty and 
therefore are only appropriate in a democratic republic.
Since one cannot [the situation does not permit] — and reasonably so, 
for circumstances prescribe caution — demand a democratic republic, as the 
French workers did in their programs under Louis-Philippe and Louis-Napoleon²⁵, 
it would have been better not to resort to tricks and not to demand things that 
have meaning only in a democratic republic from a state that is nothing other 
than a bureaucratically constructed and police-guarded military despotism, 
trimmed with parliamentary forms, with an admixture of feudalism and already 
under bourgeois influence..." (573).
"Freedom of conscience." If now, at the time of the Kulturkampf²⁶, 
one were to remind the liberals of their old slogans, this could have been done 
only in such a form: everyone should have the possibility of conducting his 
religious... [needs] without the police sticking their nose in. But the workers' 
party should have taken this opportunity and expressed its conviction that 
bourgeois "freedom of conscience" is nothing other than tolerance for all 
possible kinds of religious freedom of conscience and that it, the workers' 
party, on the contrary, strives to liberate conscience from religious nonsense. 
However, we do not wish to step beyond the "bourgeois" level (575).
"Prohibition of child labor"! Here it was absolutely necessary to indicate 
a minimum age (575) — otherwise it would be "reactionary," because with strict 
regulation of working time in accordance with different ages, and with other 
preventive measures for the protection of children, the early combination of 
productive labor with education is one of the most powerful means of 
restructuring modern society:
Concerning factory inspection, Marx would like to "definitely demand 
that inspectors can be removed only by court, that every worker upon violation 
of their duties could bring them to court; that they should belong to the medical 
profession" (575).
Marx directs attention to that part of factory legislation which speaks of 
measures for the protection of health and safety...
"Neue Zeit" IX, 2 (1890–[1891])
Fr. Engels. The Civil War in France 
(pp. 33–41). (Introduction to the 3rd 
edition of "The Civil War")²⁷
"
The Origin of the Family.
(Pp. 460–467).
(Introduction to the 4th edition of 
"The Family," etc.)²⁸
Plekhanov. The Socio-Political Situation of Russia in 1890.
(6 articles, i.e., in 6 issues)
"Project of a New Party Program."
[4 articles, unsigned. Contain Kautsky's²⁹ 
criticism of the Vorstand's* project and his proposal of a counter-project, 
— adopted, with minor changes, in Erfurt.]
A series of articles by Kautsky on alcoholism.
"Die Neue Zeit" 7 (VII year of publication) — (monthly) (1888)
K(autsky) on Bellamy.
"
Class Contradictions in 1789.
Die Kujjngen — Edward Aveling and Eleanor Marx.
On Brentano as a Historian of Economy (Fr. Mueller)
Reviews of Oldenburg (Russian nihilism), Sombart (Roman Campagna), 
Hainfeld Negotiations, Shchedrin (trifles of life).
"Die Neue Zeit" VIII (1890) (Monthly).
Kautsky — The Labor Movement in Austria (3 articles)
Fr. Engels: Foreign Policy 
of Russia³⁰.
Lafargue. Socialism in France.
Polemic of Kautsky with Flürscheim 
(on the reform of land ownership).
Plekhanov: "Chernyshevsky"³¹
Reviews of Ibsen, Strindberg, Guttner, Yager (French Revolution), 
Konrad (desk dictionary), and others.
"Die Neue Zeit" XIV, 1 ([18]95/[18]96). Contains articles:
By Engels — Gewalt und Oekonomie bei der Herstellung des 
neuen Deutschen Reichs³²
"
Supplements to Volume III of "Capital"³³
By Kautsky and David — polemic on large and small 
production in agriculture and on the Breslau Resolution
"Die Neue Zeit" XIII, 2 ([18]94/[189]5)
By Kautsky. The Intelligentsia and Social-Democracy.
"
Our Newest Program (project of an agrarian program).
Axelrod. Russian Revolutionary Forces Then and Now...
Printed incompletely
Translation from German
Schenlanck: "Psychology of the Petty 
Bourgeoisie".

1 The excerpts from the journal "Die Neue Zeit" contain records of articles 
by K. Marx, F. Engels, G. V. Plekhanov, P. B. Axelrod, P. Lafargue, K. Kautsky, 
and other authors published in the journal, and excerpts from Marx's work 
"Critique of the Gotha Program."
Throughout his activity, V. I. Lenin studied the experience of the international 
labor movement. He believed that the proletarian struggle in each individual country 
has and inevitably must have its own concrete peculiarities depending on economics, 
culture, national composition of the population, historical traditions, etc. Approaching 
the questions he studied creatively, he sought to find ways to understand the economic 
and political situation of Russia.
Thus, in many of his works, and especially in the work "The State and Revolution," 
Lenin uses excerpts from Marx's work "Critique of the Gotha Program" (see below note 
24). He confirms the theoretical propositions he develops in his own works with Marx's 
conclusions about the socialist revolution, the dictatorship of the proletariat, the 
transition period from capitalism to communism, the two phases of communist society, 
on production and distribution of the social product under socialism and the basic 
features of full communism, on proletarian internationalism and the party of the 
working class.
Lenin gives a high evaluation of this work of Marx. "The great significance of Marx's 
explanations," he wrote, "lies in the fact that he consistently applies here the 
materialist dialectic, the doctrine of development, examining communism as something 
developing from capitalism. Instead of scholastically-invented, 'composed' definitions 
and sterile disputes over words (what is socialism, what is communism), Marx gives 
an analysis of what might be called the stages of the economic maturity of communism" 
(Complete Works, vol. 33, p. 98).
On the basis of new historical experience in the epoch of imperialism and the victory 
of the proletarian revolution in the USSR, Lenin developed further the teaching of 
Marxism on the state, on the transition period from capitalism to socialism, on the 
paths of development of communist society.
Lenin makes detailed excerpts from the article "Congress of the Social-Democrats 
of Germany," published in the newspaper "Vorwärts," citing them in his book "What 
Is to Be Done?" as an example when examining the notorious slogan of "freedom of 
criticism," which was advanced by the opportunist trend in international social-democracy 
at the end of the nineteenth — beginning of the twentieth century, attempting to revise 
Marxism, and which was taken up by Russian opportunists — "Economists."
Excerpting the titles of individual articles from the journal, Lenin uses them in 
his own works. He excerpts particularly many titles of articles by Marx and Engels, 
which, as a rule, entered his works. Thus, Engels's prefaces to Marx's work "Critique 
of the Gotha Program" and to the fourth German edition of his book "The Origin of the 
Family, Private Property, and the State" are cited in the book "The State and Revolution" 
(see Complete Works, vol. 33, pp. 11, 103–104, 248); the pamphlet "The Role of Violence 
in History" in the article "On German and Non-German Chauvinism" (see ibid., vol. 27, 
p. 298); introductions to Marx's work "The Civil War in France" and "The Communist 
Manifesto" are cited and mentioned by Lenin dozens of times, etc.
In writing his works, Lenin always paid great attention to the preparatory stage 
of the work. These present excerpts served as the source-study foundation for many 
of his works.
2 See G. V. Plekhanov. Selected Philosophical Works in Five Volumes, 1956, 
vol. 1, pp. 422–450.
3 See K. Marx and F. Engels. Works, 2nd ed., vol. 22, pp. 247–264.

"Almanach du Parti Ouvrier" ("Almanac of the Workers' Party") — French socialist 
yearbook, published in Lille in 1892–1894 and 1896 under the editorship of J. Guesde 
and P. Lafargue.
4 See G. V. Plekhanov. Works, 2nd ed., vol. X, pp. 9–65.
5 In March 1902, V. I. Lenin made excerpts from the article by K. Kautsky "Vollmar 
and State Socialism" (see Lenin Miscellany XXIX, pp. 36–41). They were used in the 
article "The Agrarian Program of Russian Social-Democracy" (see Complete Works, vol. 6, 
p. 338).
6 The article "Civilization and Great Historical Rivers," see G. V. Plekhanov. Works, 
vol. VII, 1923, pp. 15–30.
7 This concerns the article by P. Lafargue "Padlewski's Shot."
Stanisław Padlewski — Polish socialist; in 1890, he killed in Paris Russian General 
N. D. Selivertsov, Chief of the Gendarmes; emigrated to London, then to America, where 
he committed suicide.
8 "Outlines toward a Critique of Political Economy" — the first economic work of 
F. Engels, in which he examines from the point of view of socialism the economic system 
of bourgeois society and the basic categories of bourgeois political economy (see K. Marx 
and F. Engels. Works, 2nd ed., vol. 1, pp. 544–571).
9 The work by F. Engels "Brentano contra Marx" was written in connection with the 
publication of a pamphlet by one of the chief representatives of academic socialism, 
L. Brentano, "My Polemic with Karl Marx" (see K. Marx and F. Engels. Works, 2nd ed., 
vol. 22, pp. 97–139).
10 This concerns the work by K. Marx "Critique of the Gotha Program" and F. Engels's 
preface, written by him in connection with the publication of this most important programmatic 
document of scientific communism (see K. Marx and F. Engels. Works, 2nd ed., vol. 19, 
pp. 13–32 and vol. 22, pp. 95–96).
11 On June 6, 1877, in the newspaper "Vorwärts" No. 65, the article "Congress of 
the Social-Democrats of Germany" was published about the congress of the Socialist Workers'