Date: 1907
Source: Lenin Miscellany, volume 28
Pages: 176-186

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"Atlas of the world commerce" etc. by J. G. Bartholomew. London, 1907.

V[ery] many data and diagrams with % throughout the world.
Some I cite:

| | United Kingdom [United Kingdom] | U.S. [U.S.] | Germany [Germany] | France [France] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| | Imports | Exports | Imports | Exports | Imports | Exports | Imports | Exports |
| | Mill. £ [pounds sterling] |
| 1800 | 302 | — | | | | | 31 | 28 |
| 1840 | 573 | 52 | 51 | 20 | 23 | 25 | 27 | 32 |
| 1850 | 832 | 98 | 71 | 36 | 28 | 34 | 36 | 43 |
| 1870 | 2.191 | 259 | 199 | 88 | 89 | 179 (1875) 129 | | 156 |
| 1890 | 3.450 | 356 | 263 | 159 | 174 | 207 | 166 | 188 |
| 1900 | 4.420 | 460 | 291 | 171 | 282 | 288 | 230 | 164 |
| 1905 | 5.440 | 487 | 330 | 242 | 329 | 336 | 279 | 191 |

*Page 7 of notebook is blank. Ed.

"Atlas of World Commerce" etc. J. G. Bartholomew. London, 1907. Ed.

| Into United Kingdom (Mill. £) |
|---|
| Imports from | Exports to |
| British possessions [British possessions] | Other countries [other countries] | British possessions [British possessions] | Colonies [other countries] |
| 238 | 64 | 324 | 96 |
| 413 | 96 | 437 | 109 |
| | 189 | | 234 |
| | 234 | | 252 |
| | 252 | | 285 |

**Proportion of world trade held by different nations** [Share of different countries in world commerce]:

| | 1885 | 1905 |
|---|---|---|
| U. Kingdom [U. Kingdom] | 18.1 | 15.0 |
| British Possessions [British possessions] | 12.8 | 10.8 |
| Germany [Germany] | 10.0 | 11.5 |
| France [France] | 9.8 | 7.5 |
| U[nited] States [U.S.] | 9.3 | 10.5 |
| Holland [Holland] | 5.5 | 7.0 |
| Belgium [Belgium] | 3.5 | 4.0 |
| A[ustria]-Hungary [Austria-Hungary] | 3.7 | 3.3 |
| Russia [Russia] | 3.4 | 3.0 |
| Spain [Spain] | 1.0 | 1.4 |
| China [China] | 1.2 | 1.8 |
| Japan [Japan] | 0.4 | 1.5 |
| Argentine [Argentina] | 1.8 | 1.6 |
| Other countries [other countries] | 19.0 | 21.5 |

Same from another source *)*)

| | 1885 | 1900 | 1905 |
|---|---|---|---|
| | 30.0 | 29.5 | 28.5 |
| | 100 | 100 | 100 |

**Numbers of speakers of different languages** [Number speaking different languages]

| English [English] | 111 |
|---|---|
| German [German] | 75 |
| Russian [Russian] | 75 |
| French [French] | 51 |
| Spanish [Spanish] | 43 |
| Italian [Italian] | 33 |
| Portuguese [Portuguese] | 13 |

*)*)  This "other source" = Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich, 24. Jahrgang, 1903, S. 23*.

**Colonial trade** [Colonial commerce] 1905

| Destination of exports from British possessions [Direction of exports from British possessions] | Import into British possessions [Import into British possessions] |
|---|---|
| U[nited] K[ing]dom [United Kingdom] | 143.8 Mill. £ | 143.4 |
| Br[itish] poss[essions] [British possessions] | 58.5 | 56.1 |
| Foreign countries [Foreign countries] | 130.5 | 109.8 |

V[ery] interesting Currency map*

| Countries with legal gold standard ** | (large part of world) |
|---|---|
| » » » silver *** | China + Persia |
| » » » bimetallic »*** | only partly: France, Spain, Italy |
| » » actual gold st[andard] ***** | France (England) etc. |
| » » » bimetallic '*****: | U.S., India |
| » » paper '******: | Spain, Russia, South America |

* Map of monetary circulation. Ed.
** Countries with official gold standard. Ed.
*** silver standard. Ed.
**** bimetallic standard. Ed.
***** actually gold standard. Ed.
'****** paper. Ed.

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**Development in World's Production of Wheat**

[Contains statistical table with data on wheat production across different countries and years]

World's total: 37.6 [millionth metric tons]

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**Mercantile marine (net tonnage). Mill. tons** [Commercial fleet (net tonnage). Million tons]

| | U. K[ing]dom [U. Kingdom] | U. States [U. States] | Germany [Germany] | Norway [Norway] | France [France] | Japan [Japan] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 4.8 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 0.070 | | |
| 70 | 5.8 | 4.2 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 1.1 | |
| 80 | 6.8 | 4.5 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
| 90 | 7.5 | 4 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
| 1900 | 9.3 | 5.2 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.6 |
| 1905 | 10.7 | 6.4 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 |

**World's production of sugar** [sugar (beet sugar)] [World production of raw cotton]

| | Mill. cwts | | | mill. tons | | mill. thousand tons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | | in which beet sugar [in which beet sugar] | | pig iron [pig iron] | raw copper [raw copper] | gold [gold] | | coffee [coffee] |
| 1850 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 1855— 321 | '50 12.8 | 4.4 | 1851/60 49.8 | '50 134 | |
| 1860 | 2.2 | 0.4 | '65— 422 | '60 22.8 | 7.2 | 61/70 88.5 | '60 192 | |
| 1870 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 75— 505 | 70 24.8 | 11.9 | 71/80 117.0 | 70 182 | |
| 1880 | 3.7 | 1.8 | '85— 718 | '80 32.2 | 18.1 | 81/90 233 | '80 164 | |
| 1890 | 6.1 | 3.0 | '92— 700 | '90 50.0 | 27.3 | 91/900 364 | '90 177 | |
| 1900 | 9.8 | 6.5 | '903—1.150 | '00 61.7 | 40.5 | 1901 518 | '00 377 | |
| 1905 | | | | '03 65.0 | '03 46.5 | 1905 723 | 1904 500 | |

**Kohlenproduktion der Erde** [World production of coal]

Neumann-Spallart, Jahrgang 83/4, S. 322.

| Mill. metr. Tonnen [million metric tons]: | |
|---|---|
| 1860—136 | |
| 1866—185 | |
| 1872—260 | |
| 1876—287 | |
| 1880—345 | |
| 1885—413 | |
| | 1885: |
| | Great Britain: 161.9 |
| | Germany: 73.8 |
| | United States 103.9 |
| | 57.8 |
| | 55.8 |
| | 63.8 |
| | 61.7 Md. Mk. [billion marks] |
| | world external [commerce: imports + exports] |

**Entire commercial fleet of the world:**

| 1872— 15.8 million tons |
|---|---|
| 1875—16.7 » » |
| 1880—19.3 |
| 1885—20.98 |

**Chief countries 1885:**

| Great Britain | 7.8 |
|---|---|
| Germany | 3.5 |
| United States | 2.6 |
| Norway | 1.5 |
| France | 0.9 |
| Italy | 0.9 |
| Russia | 0.8 |

**Per capita consumption**

| | Tea lbs [pounds] (1903) | Coffee | Wine gallons [gallons] | Beer | Spirits [spirits] | Oil (1901-3) | Coal cwts [stone coal English hundredweights] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U. K[ingdom] | 6.0 | 0.3 | 28.5 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 7 | 78.4 |
| U.S. | 1.3 | 11 | 0.5 | 18.4 | 1.6 | 20 | 70.5 |
| Germany | 0.2 | 6 | 1.1 | 27.3 | 1.5 | 8 | 34.2 |
| France | 0.1 | 4 | 32.5 | 7.8 | 1.7 | 8 | 22.7 |
| Russia | 1.2 | — | 1.8 | 5 | 2.7 | | |
| A[ustria]-H[ungary] | 5.8 | 8.8 | 1.7 | 7 | 1.7 | | |
| Holland | 1.4 | 14.5 | | | | | |
| Belgium | | 40.1 | 1.6 | 15 | | | |
| Australia | 7.1 | — | 0.8 | 16.6 | 0.7 | 17 | 21.5 |
| Canada | 4.0 | — | 5.0 | 0.9 | 22 | 33.4 |
| Italy | | 27.5 | | | | | |
| Denmark | | 22 | | | | | |
| Spain | 17.0 | | | | | | |
| Belgium | 58.4 | | | | | | |

* Data on consumption of tea and spirits refer to Australasia. Ed.

| | Wine production million gallons [million gallons] | Beer | Spirits (pure alcohol) [spirits (pure alcohol)] | Fisheries mill. £ [fish million pounds sterling] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | 1.216 | 240 | 45.4 | 5 |
| Italy | 880 | | | |
| Spain | 395 | 8.8 | | |
| Russia | 137 | 86.3 | 8 | |
| A[ustria]-H[ungary] | 169 | 420 | 55.2 | |
| Algeria | 124 | | | |
| Belgium | | 308 | | |
| Portugal | 134 | | | |
| Germany | 49 | 1.512 | 84.5 | |
| Greece | 66 | | | |
| Canada | | 4 | | |
| Japan | | 5 | | |
| U.S. | | 1.561 | 58.5 | 11 |
| U. Kingdom | | 1.253 | 29.5 | 10 |
| Holland | | 7.8 | | |
| World | | 3.330 | (average for 1900-1903) | |

| Of raw cotton mill. cwts [raw cotton million hundredweights] | |
|---|---|
| Brazil | 0.8 |
| Asia Minor | 0.3 |
| Turkestan | 1.8 |
| Africa | 1.6 |
| Egypt | 5.4 |
| China | 4.0 |
| Mexico | 0.4 |
| U.S. | 45.4 |
| India | 9.8 |
| World | 70.0 |

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| | Iron ore [iron ore] mill. tons (1900-2) | Steel [steel] (1901-3) | Coal [coal] (1901-3) | Copper [copper] (1903) | Consumption of copper thousand tons |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. | 30.7 | 14.3 | 284.0 | 0.41 | 215 |
| Germany | 17.6 | 7.3 | 152.5 | 0.02 | 144 |
| U. K[ingdom] | 13.2 | 4.9 | 225.8 | — | 133 |
| Russia | 5.5 | 2.9 | 16.7 | 0.000 | 29 |
| France | 5.0 | 1.6 | 31.9 | | 63 |
| A[ustria]-H[ungary] | 3.4 | 1.2 | 39.5 | | 26 |
| Spain | 8.0 | 0.2 | | 0.04 | |
| Mexico | | | | 0.08 | |
| Italy | | | | | 18 |
| Sweden | 3.7 | 0.3 | | | |
| Belgium | — | 0.8 | 22.8 | | |
| Australasia | | | | 0.04 | |
| World | 90.4 | 28.5 | 812.4 | 0.7 | 679 |

| Gold production mill. OZ [million ounces] (1901-3) | |
|---|---|
| Transvaal | 4.9 |
| U.S. | 3.7 |
| Australia | 3.6 |
| Russia | 1.1 |
| Canada | |
| Mexico | 0.9 |
| India | 0.8 |
| N[ew] Z[ealand] | 0.4 |
| Rhodesia | 0.3 |
| | 17.7 |

| Kerosene mill. gallons [million gallons] (1902-4) |
|---|---|
| 3.573 |
| 2.728 |
| Japan | 51 |
| India | 87 |
| Rumania | 98 |
| Galicia | 179 |
| Sumatra, Java, Borneo | 231 |
| 6.9% |

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# "GRAIN IN WORLD COMMERCE"

"Das Getreide im Weltverkehr", vom k. k. Ackerbauministerium etc. Wien, 1900.

This most monumental work (860 + 488 pp. gross 8°) represents such a most careful compilation of the richest data (a multitude of fundamental figures) on the production, consumption, and commerce of grain for 1878-1897 (and often more), that nothing of the kind is known to me. Apparently the best in this field. [NB: Much taken from Neumann-Spallart: "Übersicht der Weltwirtschaft" (and Juraschek).]

I select the most important *)

*) Measures employed here — Meterzentner = [Centner- Quintal = 50 kg.)] i.e., Quintal métrique = Doppelzentner = 100 kg (dz)).

Ton = 1000 kg.

Thus, here the metric quintal is taken = 1 dz = 1 Meterzentner.

Acres = 0.4067 Ar.

Quarter = 2.09 hl.

1 Pud. = 16.379 kg.

Cf. S. 8, Annotation 2: 3.674 bushels = 1 Quintal (= 1 dz).

S. 6, Annotation 2: 1 hl Wheat = 78 kg etc. (Oats 1 hl = 45 kg) and so on.

[E.g. S. 271: 49.348 Pud = 8.083 Quintal].