**Date:** 1909
**Source:** Lenin Miscellany, volume 28
**Pages:** 160-167

O. SCHWARZ. "DIE FINANZSYSTEME DER GROSSMÄCHTE"
O. Schwarz.
Financial Systems of the Great Powers
(Göschen Collection). Volumes I and II. Leipzig 1909.

The following table (pp. 1—2) * is somewhat (very slightly) abbreviated.

**TABLE VI: "Indices for the Development of Economy and Well-being".**

(National wealth chiefly according to Mulhall).
(Vol. II, p. 93)

State taxes increased (per capita in marks)

**Increase**

In England from 1875 to 1907/8
direct taxes
from
7.0 to 26.0 = 250%
indirect taxes
"
31.0 to 32.0 = 2%

In France from 1875 to 1907/8
direct taxes
" 12.7 to 18.0 = 49%
indirect taxes
" 39.0 to 40.0 = 3%

In Prussia from 1875 to 1908
direct taxes
" 5.8 to 8.0 = 48%
indirect taxes
" 6.0 to 20.0 = 209%

In the German Reich from 1881/2 to 1908
direct taxes
" 6.3 to 10.4 = 65%
indirect taxes
" 11.0 to 24.0 = 112%

Vol. II, p. 63.

Military and naval expenditures together in Germany:
1881/2 — 408 million marks
1891/2 — 536
1908 — 1,069

per capita: 9.0 marks, 10.8, 16.9

* See table between pp. 162–163. —Ed.

[*TABLE FOLLOWS WITH STATISTICAL DATA FOR: Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Russia, United States, Japan, and Germany, containing metrics such as:*

- Commodity imports and exports (millions £, francs, marks, crowns, lire, rubles, dollars, yen)
- Raw iron production (million tons)
- Cast iron production
- Steel production
- Coal extraction
- Number of spindles in cotton industry (millions)
- Sugar production (million kg)
- Grain harvest (wheat, oats, barley, rye, estimated grain harvest)
- Wine harvest
- Livestock population (cattle, sheep, swine, horses, with additions of goats where applicable)
- Percentage of gainfully employed in population
- Railroad length (in thousands of miles/kilometers)
- Passengers transported (millions)
- Goods transported (million tons)
- Post and telegraph (letters and telegrams delivered, millions)
- Fleet tonnage (sailing vessels and steamships in million tons)
- National wealth (in millions £, francs, marks, crowns, lire, rubles, dollars, yen)
- Savings account deposits (millions)
- Post savings account deposits
- Property subject to inheritance tax (millions £, francs, marks, crowns, lire, rubles)
- Life insurance (millions £, francs, marks, crowns, lire, rubles, dollars, yen)
- Fire insurance (millions £, marks, dollars)
- Per capita consumption: wheat, rye, meat, spirits, beer, wine, raw sugar, tobacco, coffee, tea, cocoa
- Stone and brown coal
- Raw iron
- Iron ore]

**Notes and Additions:**

[*Translation of units: kg. = kilograms; l. = liters; t. = tons; hl. = hectoliters; km. = kilometers; ztr. = centners; bushels = bushels; miles = miles; summe = sum; jahr = year*

*Translation of currencies: £ = pounds sterling; frs. = francs; K., Kr. = crowns; Lire = lire; Rbl. = rubles; $ = dollars*

*1) Obvious typographical error*
*2) This is "gross" (10.0 net)*
*3) National income (according to "deposits")*
*4) Including beef 21.0 and 24.0; pork 15.0 and 17.0; mutton 8.0 and 9.0*

*Trustees and societies.*
*Post savings banks. —Ed.*

*1) One pud = 40 pounds; 1 koku = 4.76 bushels. —Ed.*
*2) Deposits in savings banks.*
*Deposits in state banks (millions of dollars).*
*Deposits in depository national banks. —Ed.*
*** Income of fire insurance societies. —Ed.*

*Other savings banks.*
*Post savings banks (millions of yen).*
*Bank deposits. —Ed.*