of determinate being. As was shown earlier, finitude is merely self-transcendence; therefore, it contains within itself infinity, the other of itself"...
... "But the infinite progress expresses something more" (than a simple comparison of the finite with the infinite), "in it is posited also the connection (Hegel's emphasis) also of those that are differentiated"...
(160) [148].

167 [155] "The nature of speculative thinking... consists solely in grasping the opposite moments in their unity."

The question of how the infinite comes to the finite is sometimes considered the essence of philosophy. But this question reduces to clarifying their connection...

168 [156] ..."And regarding other objects as well, a certain development is required in order to be able to pose questions, all the more so regarding philosophical objects, since otherwise it may turn out that the answer is that the question is no good."

173-174 [161-162]:

Quality reaches its extreme (auf die Spitze) and becomes quantity.

The idealism of Kant and Fichte... (181) [169] "gets stuck in dualism" ((unclear)) "of determinate being and Being-for-itself"...

i.e., that there is no transition of the thing-in-itself (it is mentioned in the following sentence) to appearance?

of object to subject?

Why Fürsichsein is Eins*, is unclear to me. Here Hegel is extremely obscure, in my view.

* - the One. Ed.

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V. I. LENIN

NB:
Selbstbewegung****

The One—an ancient principle ...ч..* (and emptiness). Emptiness is considered...

183 [170]: "The ideality of Being-for-itself as totality is thus transformed, first, into reality and precisely the most abstract, the most solid, as the One."

Dark waters...

The thought of the transformation of the ideal into the real is profound: very important for history.

But in a person's individual life too it is evident that there is much truth here. Against vulgar materialism. NB. The distinction of the ideal from the material is also not absolute, not übergeschwenglich.

189 [177] - Note. Leibniz's monads. The principle of Eins and its incompleteness in Leibniz.

Apparently, Hegel takes his self-development of concepts, categories in connection with the entire history of philosophy. This gives further...

193 [181] ..."There exists an ancient saying that...

195 [183] ..."The distinction between the one and the many has determined itself into the distinction of their relation to one another, which is decomposed into two relations, into...

* - atom (indivisible). Ed.
** - as the source of motion. Ed.
*** - contains. Ed.
**** - self-movement. Ed.

105

grasps something existing from that side from which, as it seems, its quality is not affected, and moreover to such a degree that the increase of the state, of property, etc., which brings misfortune to the state, to the proprietor, initially seems even to be his happiness" (407) [391].

"It is a great merit to come to know the empirical numbers of nature, for example, the mutual distances of planets; but it is immeasurably greater merit to cause the empirical determinate quantities to disappear and to elevate them to [concept?]"

The development of the concepts des Maßes as spezifische Quantität and as reales Maß**** (including Wahlverwandtschaften***** — for example, chemical elements, musical tones) is very obscure.

A large note on chemistry, with polemics against Berzelius and his theory of electrochemistry (433-445) [417-429].

"The nodal line of measure-relations" (Knotenlinie von Maßverhältnissen) — transitions of quantity into quality... Gradualness and leaps.

* — law or measure. Ed.
** — higher proof. Ed.
*** — of qualities or determinate interrelated concepts (such as space and time). Ed.
**** — of measure as specific quantity and as real measure. Ed.
***** — elective affinities. Ed.

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NB

And again, p. 448 [432], that gradualness explains nothing without leaps.

——

In Hegel's note, as always, the factual, examples, the concrete (Feuerbach. Therefore once laughs that Hegel banished nature to the footnotes, Feuerbach, Works, II, p. ?)

Leaps!

Pp. 448-452 [432-436], a note headed in the table of contents (not in the text!! pedantry!!): "Examples of such nodal lines; on the fact that supposedly there are no leaps in nature."

Examples: chemistry; musical tones; water (vapor, ice) — p. 449 [433-434] — kinds and death.

Interruptions
of gradualness

Abbrechen der Allmählichkeit, p. (450) [434].

Leaps!

Leaps!

"It is said that there are no leaps in nature; and common representation, if it wishes to understand the origin or annihilation, assumes, as was mentioned, that it will understand them by representing them as gradual arising or disappearing. But it has already been shown that changes of Being are not only a transition from one magnitude to another, but a transition of the qualitative into the quantitative and, conversely, a becoming-other, which represents an interruption of gradualness and is qualitatively other, in contrast to the existence that preceded it. Water through cooling does not become gradually solid in such a way that it first becomes gelatinous and gradually hardens to the consistency of ice, but becomes solid immediately; having already reached the freezing temperature, it, if it remains at rest, may still retain the liquid state, but the slightest shock brings it into the state of solidity.

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